Fergus of Galloway

• Preferred Name: Fergus of Galloway^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• RULER+OF+THE+KINGDOM+OF+GALLOWAY: BEF 1160 with note: Description: Fergus was Lord of the kingdom of Galloway from about 1110 until late 1160
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Lord of GallowayBET 1110 AND 1161
  
• FSID: KCBT-5QY
  
• 3+CHILDREN+OF+FERGUS:: with note: Description: Affraic, Uchtred, Gilla Brigte
  
• Alt.+Death+Location: in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland with note: Survived the merge.
  
• Title of Nobility: with note: Description: Lord of Galloway, King of Galloway, Prince of Galloway, Princeps of Galloway
  
• Burial: AFT 12 MAY 1161 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland at LATI: N5.95 LONG: E3.2 with note: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
  
• FORCED+TO+RETIRE+TO+THE+ABBEY+OF+HOLYROOD: 1160 with note: Description: Fergus was subjugated to King Malcolm IV of Scotland in late 1160 and forced to retire to Holyrood Abbey where he remained until he died.
  
• Alt.+Death+Location: in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland with note: Description: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland
  
• Death: 12 MAY 1161 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland at LATI: N5.95 LONG: E3.2 with note: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Lord of Galloway, King of Galloway, Prince of Galloway, Princeps of Galloway
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Fergus of Galloway was the ruler of the Kingdom of Galloway. Galloway is located in the southwest of Scotland. Galloway was a combination of Irish, Scottish, Scandinavian and English. Fergus was called variously: King of Galloway, Lord of Galloway, Prince of Galloway, and Princeps of Galloway. At the end of his reign, Galloway was absorbed into Scotland. His sons continued to rule their sections of Galloway but were sub-lords under the King of Scotland.
  
  The parentage of Fergus is not known, it is believed that he was of Norse-Gaelic ancestry and that his family was the most powerful in the region.
  
  Fergus married an illegitimate daughter of Henry I, King of England, Elizabeth Fitzroy (also known as Elizabeth FitzHenry). Fergus and Elizabeth had 3 children:
  - Affraic, only known daughter, married Olaf the Red (Olaf Gofredson/Olaf Gofradsson)
  
  - Uchtred, joint ruler of Galloway from 1161 to 1174 with his brother; murdered in 1174
  
  - Gilla Brigte, joint ruler of Galloway from 1161 to 1174, then sole ruler until his death in 1185; responsible for the death of his brother Uchtred.
  
  Throughout Fergus' rule, he formed alliances and balanced control of his region between England and Scotland. Fergus' marriage to a daughter of King Henry of England was part of this balancing act, as was the marriage of his daughter Affraic to Olaf the Red. After King Henry's death, Galloway's position became more precarious, with David of Scotland seeking to strengthen his hold on the entire region and in opposition to Stephen of Blois who took the throne of England after Henry. Malcolm IV came into power in Scotland in 1153, for a time his attention was focused on England but in 1160 he launched 3 military expeditions into Galloway. The Gallovidians mounted a strong resistance but by year's end, Galloway was under the control of Scotland.
  
  Fergus and his family were all strong ecclesiastical patrons, working with the Augustinians and the Benedictines.
  
  Fergus was forced to retire to Holyrood Abbey and become a monk. Malcolm IV took Fergus's son Uchtred as a royal hostage. Within a year, Fergus died at Holyrood on May 12, 1161. Galloway was split under the joint rulership of Fergus's two sons, Uchtred and Gille Brigte.
  
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  Fergus forged a marital alliance with Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles through the marriage of the latter to Fergus' daughter, Affraic. As a consequence of this union, the leading branch of the Crovan dynasty descended from Fergus. When Óláfr was assassinated by a rival branch of the dynasty, Galloway itself was attacked before Fergus' grandson, Guðrøðr Óláfsson, was able to seize control of the Isles. Both Fergus and his grandson appear to have overseen military operations in Ireland, before the latter was overthrown by Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll. The fact that there is no record of Fergus lending Guðrøðr support against Somairle could be evidence of a slackening of Fergus' authority. Contemporary sources certainly report that Galloway was wracked by inter-dynastic strife during the decade.
  
  Fergus' fall from power came in 1160, after Malcolm IV, King of Scotland settled a dispute amongst his leading magnates and launched three military campaigns into Galloway. The reasons for the Scottish invasion are unknown. On one hand, it is possible that Fergus had precipitated events by preying upon Scottish territories. In the aftermath of the attack, the king came to terms with Somairle which could be evidence that he had either been allied with Fergus against the Scots or that he had aided in Fergus' destruction. Whatever the case, Fergus himself was driven from power and forced to retire to the abbey of Holyrood. He died the next year. The Lordship of Galloway appears to have been partitioned between his sons, Gilla Brigte and Uhtred, and Scottish influence further penetrated into Galloway.
  
  What is known about Fergus
  Fergus of Galloway (died 12 May 1161) was a twelfth-century Lord of Galloway. Although his familial origins are unknown, it is possible that he was of Norse-Gaelic ancestry. Fergus first appears on re
  
  Fergus of Galloway (Wikipedia)
  Fergus of Galloway
  Lord of Galloway
  Fergus of Galloway (died 12 May 1161) was a twelfth-century Lord of Galloway.
  
  Although his familial origins are unknown, it is possible that he was of Norse-Gaeli
  
  === Notes from Geni ===
  Fergus, Lord of Galloway
  Also Known As: "Fergus de Galweia", "13146"
  Birthdate: 1090 (71)
  Birthplace: Isle of Man
  Death: May 12, 1161 (71)
  Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland (Old age)
  Place of Burial: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland
  Immediate Family:
  Husband of Elizabeth FitzRoy
  Father of Maria nic Fergus; Afreca nic Fergus of Gallloway, Princess of Isle of Man; Daughter Of Fergus, of Galloway; Uchtred mac Fergus, Lord of Galloway; Gilbert mac Fergus, Lord of Galloway and 1 other
  Occupation: Lord of Galloway, Lord i Galloway, Skottland, builder of the kingdom of Galloway
  Managed by: James Fred Patin, Jr.
  Last Updated: January 20, 2018
  
  === King of Gail-Ghaidhil (Galloway). ===
  died in the Abbey of Holyrood, Edinburgh, Scotland. He was the King of Gail-Ghaidhil (Galloway), King Fergus, 1st Lord of Galloway.
  
  === Kung av Norge, Northumberland ===
  Kung av Norge, Northumberland
  
  === THE FATHER OF FERGUS IS NOT KNOWN. ===
  THE FATHER OF FERGUS IS NOT KNOWN. IF YOU ADD PARENTS PLEASE QUOTE YOUR SOURCES. PLEASE DO NOT ADD A MOTHER WHO DIED BEFORE FERGUS WAS BORN.
  EQUALLY, FERGUS ONLY HAD 3 CHILDREN LISTED IN THIS NARRATIVE. PLEASE DO NOT INVENT CHILDREN UNLESS YOU CAN PROVIDE HISTORICAL SOURCES. CHECK YOUR DATES.
  
  === Also shown as Fergus. ===
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Fergus
  
  ID: Merged with a record that used the ID 58357
  
  BIRTH: Also shown as Born Isle of Man.
  
  BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 1078
  
  DEATH: Also shown as Died Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  
  === Historical accuracy. ===
  The parents of Fergus are not known. Please do not add them, unless you can name your source.
  Equally, Fergus only had 3 children, so please do not add children unless you can attach historical proof.
  
  === John F./Frost, ordained ===
  John F./Frost, ordained
  
  === Children of Henry I, Beauclerc. ===
  Birth: About 1090 in Galloway, Scotland.
  Death: 12 May 1166 in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland.
  Marriage 1 Elizabeth FitzHenry b: in Talby, Yorkshire, England
  
  Sources:
  Title: Dave, UTZ@aol.com
  Text:
  Date: Wed, 2 Feb 2000 10:27:42 EST
  From:
  To: GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@rootsweb.com Message-ID: <46.11a1bfb.25c9a6ee@aol.com>
  Subject: Re: Children of Henry I, Beauclerc
  
  === King, or Lord, of Galloway. ===
  Fergus of Galloway was King, or Lord, of Galloway from an unknown date (probably in the 1110s), until his death in 1161. He was the founder of that "sub-kingdom," the resurrector of the Bishopric of Whithorn, the patron of new abbeys (e.g. Dundrennan Abbey), and much else besides. He became a legend after his death, although his actual life is clouded in mystery.
  
  Fergus of Galloway first appears in the historical sources in 1136. His origins and his parentage, however, are something of a mystery. Over the years, Fergus? origins have been the subject of much discussion and even more fanciful fictional elaboration by historical writers.
  
  One theory is that Fergus was descended from a great pedigree of Gall-Gaidhel kings, who might have been known as Clann Dubgaill, claiming descent from a certain Dubgall. Adding believability to this view, the chief branch of descendants of Somairle mac Gilla Brigte took the name MacDougall, while the cognate name MacDouall was popular in Galloway. However, since the Argyll name comes only from after Fergus' time, this theory cannot be accepted.
  
  A similar theory traces Fergus to a certain man called "Gilli," a Gall-Gaidhel "Jarl" of the Western Isles. The reasoning is that the Roman de Fergus, an early 13th-century French language Arthurian romance, names its eponymous hero's father Soumilloit (Somairle). The argument is that the latter was descended from the Jarl Gilli, and therefore that both Somairles had Jarl Gilli as a common ancestor. Likewise, yet another theory identifies Fergus' father with the obscure Sumarlidi Hauldr, a character in the Orkneyinga Saga.
  
  Writers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries had advanced the idea that Fergus was the childhood companion of David I at the Anglo-Norman court of King Henry I of England. This idea was given credence by his marriage to the daughter of King Henry I, his good relationship with David, and his friendliness towards Anglo-Norman culture.
  
  In reality, such a relationship is pure fiction. Fergus was almost certainly a native Galwegian. The Roman de Fergus may not be entitled to general reliability in matters of historical correctness, but Soumilloit is unlikely to have been totally made up. Moreover, Somairle (anglicized either as Somerled or Sorley) is a thoroughly Gall-Gaidhel name and makes perfect sense in the context. In light of the absence of other evidence, we have to accept that Fergus' father probably bore the name Somairle. Other than that, we simply cannot say anything about Fergus' origins for sure.
  
  Contrary to some popular conceptions, there is no evidence that Galloway was ever part of the Kingdom of Strathclyde. Thus Galloway (west of the Nith at least) lay outside of the traditional area claimed by the Kingdom of Alba, Strathclyde's successor state in the area. Galloway, often defined as all of the areas to the south and west of the Clyde and west of the River Annan, lay outside of traditional Scottish territory. Though it formed part of the northern mainland of Britain, Galloway was just as much a part of the Irish Sea; part of that "Hiberno-Norse" world of the Gall-Gaidhel lords of the Isle of Man, Dublin and the Hebrides.
  
  For instance, the ex-King of Dublin and Man, Echmarcach mac Ragnaill, had the title Rex Innarenn ("King of Rhinns") attributed to him on his death in 1065. The western sections of Galloway had been firmly aligned with the Isle of Man, and Norse and Gaelic-Norse settlement names from the 10th and 11th centuries are spread all along the coastal lands of south-western "Scotland" and north-western "England."
  
  In the late 11th century, the Norwegian King Magnus III Berrføtt ("Barelegs") led a campaign of subjugation in the Irish Sea world. In 1097, he sent his vassal, Ingimundr, to take control of the Kingdom(s) of Man and the Isles. However, when this man was killed, Magnus himself launched the first of his two invasions, the campaigns of 1098-1099 and of 1102-1103. In the former campaign, he took control of the Western Isles of Scotland and deposed King Lagmann of Man. (Incidentally, this campaign also brought him to Wales, where he killed the Earl of Chester and the Earl of Shrewsbury, who were at war with the Prince of Gwynedd). In this campaign, Magnus almost certainly brought Galloway under his suzerainty too. Magnus, moreover, gained the recognition of these conquests from the then-king of Alba, Etgair mac Maíl Coluim.
  
  On his second campaign, Magnus went to Man, and with a huge fleet attacked Dublin and attempted to bring the submission of Muircertach mac Toirrdelbach, the Ui Briain King of Munster. The campaign resulted in an alliance between the two kings, and the arranged marriage of Magnus' son Siguðr to Muircertach's daughter Bláthmin. The alliance mitigated the threat of Domnall mac Lochlainn, King of Ailech, bringing stability to the Irish Sea world, and security to Magnus' new Irish Sea "Empire." However, it all went wrong when Magnus was killed on his way back to Norway on a minor raid in Ulster. Much of Magnus' work lay in ruins.
  
  In the view of the main authority on medieval Galloway, Richard Oram, these events provide the key to understanding the origins of the Fergusian Kingdom of Galloway. It was this power vacuum, he suggests, that facilitated the creation of the Kingdom of Galloway, the kingdom which Fergus came to lead and apparently created. The Roman infers that Fergus' father, Somairle, was a poor warrior who benefited greatly by marriage to a noblewoman, from whom Fergus inherited power. Perhaps then, Fergus' father was a self-made warrior who married into the House of Man; perhaps Fergus inherited and further consolidated his position, building the kingdom out of the ruins left by the death of Magnus Barelegs.
  
  Fergus may have married an illegitimate daughter of Henri Beauclerc, King Henry I of England. Her name, however, is unknown. One of the candidates is Sibylla, the widow of King Alexander I mac Maíl Choluim of Scotland, but there is little evidence for this. Another candidate could be Elisabeth; but likewise, there is little evidence. If he did marry a daughter of Henry I, the marriage can be interpreted as part of the forward policy of Henry I in the northwest of his dominions and the Irish Sea zone in general, which was engineered in the second decade of the 12th century. It may have been during this time that Fergus began calling himself rex Galwitensium ("King of Galloway"). However, while his possible father-in-law lived, Fergus, like King David I of Scotland), seems to have remained a faithful "vassal" to Henry.
  
  A related development was Fergus' resurrection of the Bishopric of Whithorn, an ancient Galwegian See first established by the expansionary Northumbrians under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of York. The last Bishop of Whithorn, Beadwulf, had been noted in c. 803. Thereafter nothing is heard; and it is likely the Bishopric disappeared with Northumbrian power, a decline marked by the sack of York by the Danes in 867. In the following two and a half centuries, Galloway, if and where jurisdiction actually existed, seems to have been under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Man in the west, with Durham and Glasgow in the east.
  
  In terms of the See's resurrection, we know that on 9 December 1125, Pope Honorius II wrote to the Bishop-elect of Whithorn, ordering him to appear before the Archbishop of York.[2] The would-be Bishop was a cleric called Gille Aldan (Gille Aldain), and the Archbishop was Thurstan. York had been coming under increasing pressure from the ambitions of Canterbury, and the northern English metropolitan had only two suffragans (Durham and Man). He needed three in fact to hold proper Archiepiscopal elections. It is likely that York and Fergus did a deal. The involvement of King David I can be discounted on the grounds of his anti-York policies, and his total inclination to appoint English or French clerics, and not Gaelic ones like Gille Aldan. The deal ensured the Galwegian church would not undermine Fergus' independence of both Man and Scotland and secured an identity for the new kingdom in the framework of northern Britain and the Isles.
  
  A further point to be noted is that the sources record that the warrior-Bishop Wimund attacked another Bishop, an attack aimed to try and bring the other bishop under his control. Scholars such as Andrew MacDonald and Richard Oram agree that this Bishop was in fact Gille Aldan of Whithorn. It is likely then that the elevation of Whithorn incurred the wrath of the Bishop of the Isles, indicating perhaps something of the status of the Galwegian church before Fergus' reign.
  
  On Henry's death in late 1135, Fergus' relationship with the Kings of the English could not be maintained. David I of Scotland, the ruler of much of Scotland and northern England, assumed a position of dominance. The balance of power swung firmly in David's favour. It was no longer possible to maintain a position of real independence from the Scottish king. It is at this point Fergus comes into contemporary sources. In the summer of 1136, David I was in attendance at the consecration of Bishop John's cathedral in Glasgow. There was a big gathering of Scottish and Norman nobles. Fergus is recorded as having been in attendance too (with his son Uchtred), leading a list of southwestern Gaelic nobility.
  
  The gathering also assisted David's ambitions against the new and weak King of the English, Stephen. Galwegian contingents are recorded in several sources as being present during the subsequent campaign and at the defeat of David at the Battle of the Standard in 1138. We cannot know for sure if Fergus was there, but the peace treaty made between David and Stephen in 1139 stipulated that one of Fergus? sons (certainly Uchtred) be given as a hostage.
  
  In 1153, King David died. The personal relationship of superiority which David had enjoyed over Fergus was not mea
  
  === He was found living 1136-47. ===
  Weis. 38-24, 121B-26. He was found living 1136-47.
  
  === The Family of Auer Winchester Proctor, Vol. II ===
  INFORMATION
  From "The Family of Auer Winchester Proctor, Vol. II", page 439. Film #1036367
  
  === (King of the Isle of Man) ===
  (King of the Isle of Man)

• m. 1117 in Carrick, Argyll, Scotland

1. Gilbert MacFergus - Lord of Galloway, b. 1126 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland     d. 1 JAN 1185 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland
2. Uchtred Mac Fergus -Lord of Galloway, b. 1121 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland     d. 22 SEP 1174 in Scotland
3. Aufrica Of Galloway, b. ABT 1119 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland     d. 1166 in Isle of Man

1. Title: Fergus de Galloway, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVKT-DMR9 : 13 September 2020), King-1st Lord Of Galloway, ; Burial, Edinburgh, , City of Edinburgh, Scotland, Abbey of Holyrood; citing record ID 53041475, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVKT-DMR9;
   
2. Title: Fergus Galloway, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGH-8Y3G : 25 May 2022), Fergus Galloway, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 116941575, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGH-8Y3G;
   
3. Title: Caledonia or a Historical and Topographic Account of North Britain, Vol. 1, pg. 366
   Author: Caledonia or a Historical and Topographic Account of North Britain, Vol. 1, pg. 366
   Note: Fergus, Lord of Galloway, in Caledonia or a Historical and Topographic Account of North Britain, Vol. 1, pg. 366 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Fergus, Lord of Galloway, in Caledonia or a Historical and Topographic Account of North Britain, Vol. 1, pg. 366 [See document in the Memories section]
   
4. Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Line 38, pg. 46-47
   Author: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Line 38, pg. 46-47
   Note: Galloway family in Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Line 38, pg. 46-47 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Galloway family in Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, Line 38, pg. 46-47 [See document in the Memories section]
   
5. Title: Pedigree of Alan, Lord of Galloway (from Wikipedia)
   Author: Wikipedia
   Note: Pedigree of Alan, Lord of Galloway in Wikipedia [See document in the memories section]
   Page: Pedigree of Alan, Lord of Galloway in Wikipedia [See document in the memories section]
   
6. Title: The Magna Charta Sureties, Line 121B and 121C, pg. 119
   Author: The Magna Charta Sureties, Line 121B and 121C, pg. 119
   Note: Fergus, Lord of Galloway, in The Magna Charta Sureties, Line 121B and 121C, pg. 119 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Fergus, Lord of Galloway, in The Magna Charta Sureties, Line 121B and 121C, pg. 119 [See document in the Memories section]
   
7. Title: Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pgs. 137, 204, 226, 245, 247
   Author: Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pgs. 137, 204, 226, 245, 247
   Note: Fergus, Lord of Galloway, in Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pgs. 137, 204, 226, 245, 247 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Fergus, Lord of Galloway, in Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pgs. 137, 204, 226, 245, 247 [See document in the Memories section]
   
8. Title: Earls of England
   Author: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Medieval Lands Projects, Lancaster
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/enguntlo.htm#_Toc64702013;
   Note: About Gilbert and Helewise
   Page: British Isles - Scotland, Mormaers, Earls & Lords , p. 163: FERGUS, son of --- (-[1136]). Lord of Galloway. "…Fergus de Galweia…Uchtred filio Fergus" witnessed a charter dated to [1136] by which "David Rex Scotiæ" granted Perdeyc to the church of Glasqow[1111]. "…Fgus de Galweia…" witnessed the undated charter under which David I King of Scotland donated "decimam meam de meo Chan" to the church of Glasgow[1112]. m ELIZABETH, daughter of ---.
   
9. Title: Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers, pgs. 214. 215, 256, 257, 263, 268, 288, 289, 290, 332, 340, 342
   Author: Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers, pgs. 214. 215, 256, 257, 263, 268, 288, 289, 290, 332, 340, 342
   Note: Galloway family in Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers, pgs. 214. 215, 256, 257, 263, 268, 288, 289, 290, 332, 340, 342 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Galloway family in Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers, pgs. 214. 215, 256, 257, 263, 268, 288, 289, 290, 332, 340, 342 [See document in the Memories section]
   
10. Title: Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pg. 467
    Author: Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pg. 467
    Note: Pedigree of Fergus, Lord of Galloway, in Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pg. 467 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Pedigree of Fergus, Lord of Galloway, in Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pg. 467 [See document in the Memories section]
    
11. Title: Fergus Prince of Galloway, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q29T-9X85 : 9 July 2020), Fergus Prince of Galloway, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID , Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q29T-9X85;
    
12. Title: Fergus of Galloway (from Ancestry Family Trees)
    Author: Ancestry Family Tree
    
13. Title: Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pgs. 96, 97, 98, 100, 134, 137, 204, 225, 226, 228
    Author: Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pgs. 96, 97, 98, 100, 134, 137, 204, 225, 226, 228
    Note: Olaf the Red, King of Man, in Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pgs. 96, 97, 98, 100, 134, 137, 204, 225, 226, 228 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Olaf the Red, King of Man, in Early Sources of Scottish History, Vol. 2, pgs. 96, 97, 98, 100, 134, 137, 204, 225, 226, 228 [See document in the Memories section]
    
14. Title: Wikipedia - Lords of Galloway
    Author: Scott, JG (1997) pp. 13a fig. 1, 23 fig. 5; Oram, RD (1991) p. 118 fig. 8.1; Barrow (1980) p. 51. The Arms of the Realm and Ancient Local Principalities of Scotland, Bartholomew 1983. ISBN 0-7028-1709-0 vte Scotland in the Middle Ages
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_Galloway;
    Note: Fergusan Dynasty Refer to caption Divisions within the Lordship of Galloway (coloured green) and surrounding lordships in the twelfth century.[1][note 1] The Diocese of Whithorn encompassed all Gallovidan regions except Desnes Ioan, which fell under the Scottish Diocese of Glasgow, and appears to have been only incorporated into the lordship during the tenure of Fergus' sons. Fergus of Galloway took the throne of Galloway some time between 1110 and 1120. When he died in 1161 the year after taking canonical habit in Holyrood, according to the Chronicle of Holyrood, and resigning Galloway to Scotland’s King Mael Coluim iv, Galloway was left to his two sons, Uchtred and Gille Brigte (Gilbert). In 1174 Uchtred died after being brutally blinded and mutilated by his brother Gille Brigte and Gille Brigte's son, Máel Coluim (Malcolm). When Gilla Brigte died a few years later, in a meeting between the kings of Scotland and England and the two sons of Uchtred and Gille Brigte, it was agreed that Uchtred's son Lochlann (Roland) would take possession of the southern part of Galloway. Gilla Brigte's surviving son Donnchad (Duncan) was given the northern part, being made 1st Earl/Mormaer of Carrick. Lochlann married Helen, the daughter of Richard de Moreville, Constable of Scotland, and inherited his father-in-law's title. Their son Alan of Galloway was the most powerful of the lords and upon his death in 1234, his holdings were divided between his three daughters and their husbands. However, an attempt was made, within Galloway, to establish Alan's illegitimate son, Thomas as ruler, but this failed when King Alexander II of Scotland broke the line of rejected such claim for an illegitimate son to take over. In response Gille Ruadh led a revolt against Alexander. The attempt failed resulting in Galloway being divided amongst Alan's three living daughters who were married to Anglo-Normans, Roger de Quincy (married to Ela), John de Balliol (married to Derborgaill) and William de Forz (married to Cairistiona). Galloway's period as an independent political entity eventually came to an end with John de Balliol delegated as Lord.
    
15. Title: Fergus of Galloway (from PeoplePill)
    Publication: Name: https://peoplepill.com/people/fergus-of-galloway;
    
16. Title: Fergus Galloway, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGH-8Y3G : 25 May 2022), Fergus Galloway, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 116941575, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGH-8Y3G;
    
17. Title: The Antiquities of Scotland, Vol. 2, pgs. 171, 182, 184, 187
    Author: The Antiquities of Scotland, Vol. 2, pgs. 171, 182, 184, 187
    Note: Galloway family in The Antiquities of Scotland, Vol. 2, pgs. 171, 182, 184, 187 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Galloway family in The Antiquities of Scotland, Vol. 2, pgs. 171, 182, 184, 187 [See document in the Memories section]
    
18. Title: Fergus of Galloway (from Wikipedia)
    Publication: Name: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergus_of_Galloway;
    
19. Title: Galloway family in The Scots Peerage, Vol. 4, pgs. 135-143
    Author: The Scots Peerage, Vol. 4, pgs. 135-143 [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://www.electricscotland.com/books/pdf/ScotsPeerageVol4.pdf;
    Note: Galloway family in The Scots Peerage, Vol. 4, pgs. 142 Elena married Roger de Quincy who in her right became the Constable of Scotland and was made Earl of Winchester in 1235. He died 35 April 1264 leaving 3 daughters as heirs: Margaret (Agnes) married William Earl of Ferrers & Derby Elizabeth (Isabella or Marjory) married Alexander Comyn Elena married Alan la Zouche who died before 20 Aug 1296
    Page: Galloway family in The Scots Peerage, Vol. 4, pgs. 135-143 [See document in the Memories section]
    
20. Title: Fergus of Galloway (from Wikipedia)
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergus_of_Galloway;
    Note: Fergus of Galloway Lord of Galloway Died 12 May 1161 Issue: Affraic; Gilla Brigte; Uhtred. Fergus of Galloway (died 12 May 1161) was a twelfth-century Lord of Galloway. Although his familial origins are unknown, it is possible that he was of Norse-Gaelic ancestry. Fergus first appears on record in 1136, when he witnessed a charter of David I, King of Scotland. There is considerable evidence indicating that Fergus was married to an illegitimate daughter of Henry I, King of England. It is possible that Elizabeth Fitzroy was the mother of Fergus's three children. Fergus forged a marital alliance with Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles through the marriage of the latter to Fergus's daughter, Affraic. As a consequence of this union, the leading branch of the Crovan dynasty descended from Fergus. When Óláfr was assassinated by a rival branch of the dynasty, Galloway itself was attacked before Fergus's grandson, Guðrøðr Óláfsson, was able to seize control of Isles. Both Fergus and his grandson appear to have overseen military operations in Ireland, before the latter was overthrown by Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll. The fact that there is no record of Fergus lending Guðrøðr support against Somairle could be evidence of a slackening of Fergus's authority. Contemporary sources certainly report that Galloway was wracked by inter-dynastic strife during the decade. Fergus's fall from power came in 1160, after Malcolm IV, King of Scotland settled a dispute amongst his leading magnates and launched three military campaigns into Galloway. The reasons for the Scottish invasion are unknown. On one hand, it is possible that Fergus had precipitated events by preying upon Scottish territories. In the aftermath of the attack, the king came to terms with Somairle which could be evidence that he had either been allied with Fergus against the Scots or that he had aided in Fergus's destruction. In any case, Fergus himself was driven from power, and forced to retire to the abbey of Holyrood. He died the next year. The Lordship of Galloway appears to have been partitioned between his sons, Gilla Brigte and Uhtred, and Scottish influence further penetrated into Galloway. 0RIGINS Fergus's familial origins are unknown.[3] He is not accorded a patronym in contemporary sources,[4] and his later descendants are traced no further than him in their charters.[5][note 1] The fact that he tends to be styled "of Galloway" in contemporary sources suggests that he was the head of the most important family in the region. Such appears to have been the case with Fergus's contemporary Freskin, a significant settler in Moray, who was styled de Moravia.[15] One source that may possibly cast light on Fergus's familial origins is Roman de Fergus,[16] a mediaeval Arthurian romance, mainly set in southern Scotland,[17] which tells the tale of a knight who may represent Fergus himself.[18] The name of the knight's father in this source is a form of the name borne by Fergus's neighbouring contemporary Somairle mac Gilla Brigte, Lord of Argyll, and could be evidence that Fergus's father bore the same name.[19][note 2] On the other hand, instead of being evidence of any historical relationship, the names could have been employed by the romance merely because they were regarded as stereotypically Gallovidian.[21] In any case, there is reason to suspect that the romance is a literary pastiche or parody of the compositions of Chrétien de Troyes;[22] and besides the coincidence of names, the tale has little to commend it as an authoritative source for the historical Fergus.[23] Despite the uncertainty surrounding his origins, it is possible that Fergus was of Norse-Gaelic and native Gallovidian ancestry.[24] Traditionally, the Gallovidians appear to have looked towards the Isles instead of Scotland, and the core of his family's lands seems to have centred in the valley of the river Dee and the coastal area around Whithorn, regions of substantial Scandinavian settlement.[25] In any case, the fact that Fergus died as an old man in 1161 suggests that he was born before 1100.[26] Early in his career, Fergus bound himself to the Isles in the form of a marital alliance between Affraic and Óláfr, the reigning King of the Isles.[141] Although the union itself is not dated in contemporary sources,[142] the Scandinavian sojourn undertaken by the couple's son in 1152 suggests that the marriage was arranged in the 1130s or 1140s. The alliance forged between Óláfr and Fergus gave the former's family valuable familial connections with the English Crown, one of the most powerful monarchies in western Europe.[143] As for Fergus, the union bound Galloway more tightly to a neighbouring kingdom from which an invasion had been launched during the overlordship of Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway.[144] The alliance with Óláfr also ensured Fergus the protection of one of Britain's most formidable fleets, and further gave him a valuable ally outwith the orbit of the Scottish Crown.[145] One possible reason for Fergus's apparent lack of further participation in Anglo-Scottish affairs may have been due to events in the Isles.[146] Although the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century Chronicle of Mann portrays Óláfr's reign as one of tranquillity,[147] a more accurate evaluation of his reign may be that he adeptly managed to navigate an uncertain political climate.[148] In regard to Fergus, the acquisition of the Dublin kingship in 1142, by the Islesman Ottar mac meic Ottair, may well have represented a threat to the authority of Óláfr, and the prospects of Fergus's grandson.[149] By the mid-part of the twelfth century, however, the ageing Óláfr's realm may well have begun to buckle under the strain,[150] as perhaps evidenced by the depredations wrought on the Scottish mainland by Óláfr's leading ecclesiast, Wimund, Bishop of the Isles.[151] Confirmation of Óláfr's concern over the royal succession may well be preserved by the chronicle,[150] which states that Guðrøðr journeyed to the court of Ingi Haraldsson, King of Norway in 1152, where Guðrøðr rendered homage to the Norwegian king, and seemingly secured recognition of the royal inheritance of the Isles.[152] In 1160, Malcolm returned to Scotland having spent months campaigning in the service of the English on the Continent. After successfully dealing with a considerable number of disaffected magnates at Perth,[181] the Chronicle of Holyrood and the twelfth- to thirteenth-century Chronicle of Melrose reveal that he launched three military expeditions into Galloway.[182] Specifically, according to Gesta Annalia I, once the Scots subdued the Gallovidians, the conquerors forced Fergus to retire to the abbey of Holyrood, and hand over his son, Uhtred, as a royal hostage.[186] The Chronicle of Holyrood[187] and the fifteenth-century Ordinale of Holyrood corroborate Fergus's monastic retirement,[188] with the former source further recording Fergus's grant of the lands of Dunrod to the abbey. Fergus did not live long after retiring, and died on 12 May 1161, as evidenced by the Chronicle of Holyrood.[205] Surviving sources reveal that he overshadowed his sons during his lifetime, with Uhtred witnessing only three charters and Gilla Brigte none at all. Upon Fergus's death, the lordship appears to have been split between the brothers. Although there is no specific evidence for Gilla Brigte's share, later transactions involving Uhtred reveal that the latter held lands in the lower Dee valley, seemingly centred in an area around Kirkcudbright. The fact that this region appears to have formed the core of Fergus's holdings could be evidence that Uhtred was the senior successor. Conceivably, Uhtred's allotment consisted of the lordship's territory east of the river Cree, whilst Gilla Brigte's share was everything east of this waterway. In the wake of Malcolm's destruction of Fergus, the Scottish Crown moved to further incorporate Galloway into the Scottish realm. Uhtred appears to have been granted the territory between the rivers Nith and Urr,[209] whilst Gilla Brigte may have been wed to a daughter or sister of Donnchad II, Earl of Fife, the kingdom's foremost Gaelic magnate.[210] Scottish authority penetrated into the lordship through the installation of royal officials,[211] and Scottish power was perhaps further projected into Galloway by a royal castle at Dumfries.[212] Surviving royal acts dating to after the fall of Fergus indicate that, from the perspective of the Scottish Crown, the Lordship of Galloway had been integrated into the Kingdom of Scotland, and was subject to the overlordship of Malcolm himself.[213]
    
21. Title: The Medieval Lands, Project, "Fergus, Lord of Galloway"
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTTISH%20NOBILITY.htm#_Toc359672002;
    Note: FERGUS, son of --- (-[1136]). Lord of Galloway. "…Fergus de Galweia…Uchtred filio Fergus" witnessed a charter dated to [1136] by which "David Rex Scotiæ" granted Perdeyc to the church of Glasqow[1111]. "…Fgus de Galweia…" witnessed the undated charter under which David I King of Scotland donated "decimam meam de meo Chan" to the church of Glasgow[1112]. m ELIZABETH, daughter of ---. Fergus & his wife had three children: a) UHTRED of Galloway (-1174). "…Fergus de Galweia…Uchtred filio Fergus" witnessed a charter dated to [1136] by which "David Rex Scotiæ" granted Perdeyc to the church of Glasqow[1113]. "Uhctredus filius Fergusi" donated "ecclesiam de Colmanele" to Holyrood abbey by undated charter[1114]. "Uctredus filius Fergi et Gunnild filia Waldef sponsa sua" donated "ecclesiam de Torpennoth" to Holyrood abbey by undated charter[1115]. Malcolm IV King of Scotland with "Uhtred filio Fergi et Gilebto fratris eius et Rad filio Dunegal et Duuenaldo fratris eius" confirmed the donation of "terra de Dunroden" to Holyrood abbey by undated charter[1116]. "...Huctred son of Fergus, Gilebert son of Fergus..." witnessed the charter dated to [1166] under which William King of Scotland confirmed the grant of property to “Robert de Brus”[1117]. William of Newburgh names "duo fratres Gilbertus et Uctredus Galwadensis provinciæ dofuini…Fergusi olim principis eiusdem provincie filii" when recording their quarrels [in 1174] and that Uhtred was killed[1118]. Lord of Galloway. John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) records that, in the year in which King William was released from custody, "duce Gilberto filio Fergusii" led "Galwidienses" in rebellion and "X Kal Oct" captured "Ochtredus…filius Fergusii…verus…Scotus", blinded him, cut out his tongue, and murdered him[1119]. m GUNHILD, daughter of WALTHEOF & his wife Sigrid ---. The Cronicon Cumbriæ records that “Alanus filius et hæres eiusdem Waldevi” enfeoffed “Ugthredo filio Fergus domino Galwediæ” with property and “Guynolda sorore sua”[1120]. "Uctredus filius Fergi et Gunnild filia Waldef sponsa sua" donated "ecclesiam de Torpennoth" to Holyrood abbey by undated charter[1121]. Uhtred & his wife had [three] children: i) ROLAND of Galloway (-Northampton 1200, bur St Andrews). William of Newburgh names "fratri nefarie interempto filius Rollandus"[1122]. Lord of Galloway. The Annals of Ulster record the death in 1200 of "Roland son of Uchtrach king of the Foreign-Irish”[1123]. - see below. ii) --- of Galloway (-killed in battle 1185). The Chronicle of Melrose records that he fought with his brother Roland against "Gillecolm" but was killed in the battle together with their opponent[1124]. John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) records that, after the death of "dominus Galwalliæ Gilbertus, filius Fergusii" in 1185, "Rotholandus filius Othredi" fought with "Gilpatricio, et Henrico Kennedy, necnon Samuele" and that "frater Rotholandi" was killed[1125]. iii) [FERGUS (-after 22 Sep 1196). "…Roll constabul, Philipp de Mubray, Willmo de Valloñ, Henr Biset, Thomas de Colville, Adam fil Herb, Ferg fratre Roll, Alexander de Finton" witnessed the charter dated 22 Sep (no year) under which William King of Scotland confirmed the donation of "in territorio de Cliftun" to Melrose abbey made by "Walterus Corbet filius Walteri"[1126]. It is not certain that Fergus was the brother of Fergus of Galloway, but the conjunction of the names (which are unusual) make this probable. If this is correct, Fergus was not the same person as the unnamed brother who was killed in 1185, as Roland is named in the document as constable, an appointment which he assumed after the death of William de Morville in 1196.] b) AUFRICA of Galloway . The Chronicon Manniæ et Insularum records that “Olavus filius Godredi Crovan” married “Affricam…filiam Fergus de Galwedia”[1127]. m OLAV “Morsel” King of Man, son of GODFRED “Crovan” King of Man & his wife --- ([1080]-killed 1153). c) GILBERT of Galloway (-1 Jan 1185). Malcolm IV King of Scotland with "Uhtred filio Fergi et Gilebto fratris eius et Rad filio Dunegal et Duuenaldo fratris eius" confirmed the donation of "terra de Dunroden" to Holyrood abbey by undated charter[1128]. "...Huctred son of Fergus, Gilebert son of Fergus..." witnessed the charter dated to [1166] under which William King of Scotland confirmed the grant of property to “Robert de Brus”[1129]. William of Newburgh names "duo fratres Gilbertus et Uctredus Galwadensis provinciæ dofuini…Fergusi olim principis eiusdem provincie filii" when recording their quarrels [in 1174], commenting that "Gilbertus natu major"[1130]. John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) records that, in the year in which King William was released from custody, "duce Gilberto filio Fergusii" led "Galwidienses" in rebellion and captured "Ochtredus…filius Fergusii…verus…Scotus", blinded him, cut out his tongue, and murdered him[1131]. John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) records the death of "dominus Galwalliæ Gilbertus, filius Fergusii" in 1185[1132]. m ---. The name of Gilbert’s wife is not known. Gilbert & his wife had one child: i) DUNCAN (-13 Jun 1250). "Dunecanus filius Gillebti filii Fergi" donated "totam terram de Moybothelbeg…[et] de Bethoc" to Melrose abbey by undated charter[1133]. The Chronicle of Melrose records that "Duncan the son of Gilebert of Galwey" gave to the monks of Melrose a certain portion of his lands in Karec in 1193[1134]. He obtained Carrick from William "the Lion" King of Scotland before 1196, becoming Earl of Carrick.