Turchill or Thorkil of Warwick

• Preferred Name: Turchill or Thorkil of Warwick ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Life+Sketch: with note: Description: Turchill was a man of great power and note, was lord of vastlanded possessions at the time of the Conquest. He had two wives and three sons, Siward,Peter, a monk, and Ralph de Arden.
  
• Death: AFT 1100
  
• Birth: um 1048 in Warwickshire, England at LATI: N2.3378 LONG: E1.5609
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Lord of Warwick
  
• FSID: G4Y6-26L
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Turkill, the Traitor Earl— Why he was not at Hastings— How the Conqueror favoured him— How he changed his Name, and was the Ancestor of William Shakespeare.
  
  WE have now done with the collapsing legends, and may tread upon the solid floor of history. Facts are at last at our disposal — trustworthy, though not as yet superabundant. We cannot go into many details; but we are sure of our ground, such as it is.
  The last Earl of Warwick whom we mentioned was Wygotus, who is said to have married the sister of the Lady Godiva's husband, Leofric, Earl of Mercia. A Harleian MS. is our authority for the statement that he had by her Alwine, Earl of Warwick, slain by the Danes at Stamford Hill, in the first year of the reign of Harold, son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex; and that Alwine, in his turn, had a son, Thurkill, Earl of Warwick, who married a Countess of Perche. About Thurkill (or Turchill, as the name is sometimes written) we really know facts, from Domesday Book, from Dugdale's "Baronage," and from a few other sources.
  
  The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he was present at the consecration of the minster of Assandune in 1020; that he was outlawed by King Cnut, 1021, but received into favour again, and entrusted with the government of Denmark in 1023; also that he marched against the Welsh with "Elfyet and many good men" to avenge the death of Edwin, brother of Leofric of and vanquisht King Harold, and though he were then a man of especial note and power yet he did give no assistance to Harold in that Battail, as may easily be seen from the favour he received at the hands of the Conqueror, for by the General Survey begun about the 14. of King William's Reign, it appears that he then continued possest of vast lands in this Shire, and yet whereof was neither the borough, or castle of Warwick any part."
  
  His possessions are enumerated in Domesday Book. There are no fewer than seventy entries under his name, of which the following may serve as examples : —
  
  "Robert de Olgi holds of Turchil, in Dercelai (probably Dosthill), 2 hides in mortgage. The arable employs 3 ploughs. There are 7 villeins, with 2 ploughs, and 2 bondmen. A mill pays 3 2d., and there are 10 acres of meadow. Wood 2 furlongs long, and the same broad. It was worth 3CS., now 40s. Untain held it."
  
  The reason why Thurkill refrained from opposing the Conqueror is clear enough. His relatives, the Earls of Mercia, Leofric, and his successors ^Ifgar and Morkere, had been constantly in arms against Harold, whom Mercia generally had never really recognised as King of England. Posterity, however, without taking account of his reason, has contemptuously styled him "the Traitor Earl," and he certainly profited by his treachery. Though William later on took some of his estates for the endowment of the new Earldom of Warwick, Thurkill's son held of the new Earl, holding by sergeantry in his household, and taking the name of de Arden; and Thurkill himself, as a mark of special favour, was allowed to retain his property for life, and was even appointed custos of the newly fortified town of Warwick.
  
  That is all there is to be said about him, except that he has a further claim on our interest through the most illustrious of his descendants. Observe : —
  
  "TuRCHiLL was twice married; by his second wife Leverunia, daughter, according to Drummond, of Algar, son and successor of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, he had a son, Osbert de Arden, whose daughter and heir. Amice, carried the ancient seat of the Mercian kings, called after them Kingsbury, to her husband Peter de Bracebridge, of Bracebridge, co. Lincoln, and one of their descendants, Alice Bracebridge, became the wife of Sir John Arden, Knight, elder brother of Thomas Arden, maternal great-grandfather of William Shakspeare."
  
  So it is written in "Shakespeareana Genealogica." Among the literary associations of the Earldom of Warwick — which it will be seen, as our narrative pro- ceeds, are fairly numerous — this, the earliest and most glorious, is also, in all probability, the least known. Most Earls of Warwick have almost certainly lived and died without ever discovering their connection with England's greatest poet.
  
  -- "Warwick castle and its earls : from Saxon times to the present day," by Frances Evelyn Maynard Greville, Countess of Warwick, 1861-1938
  
  Thorkill of Arden
  When Leofric, Earl of Mercia, died in 1057, his estate of Kingsbury passed to his widow, the Countess Godgifu, better known to later generations by the Latin version of her name, Godiva. The Domesday
  
  === Some background information concerning Turchill (Thurkil) of Warwick and his family ===
  Turchill (also spelled Turchil, Thurkil, Thorkill) of Warwick is documented in many historical records [See the documents in the Memories section of Turchill]. However, not all of those documents agree on all particulars concerning Turchill. Some records suggest that Turchill was born about 1065, but he must have been born quite sometime before that. His father, Alwin, Sheriff of Warwick, reportedly died about 1066 near or just following the time of the Conquest of England by William the Conqueror. Turchill's grandfather, Alwin's father, Wigot of Wallingford, was alive at the time of the Conquest and was permitted to retain many of his properties in the aftermath of the Conquest, possibly because he allowed William the Conqueror to cross the River Thames at Wallingford. Wigot died about 1070. Clearly Turchill was already an adult by that time, because he inherited many of the estates of his father and grandfather from William the Conqueror and in the Domesday Book is the holder of approximately 70 estates.
  
  Some records have called Turchill "the traitor", because he did not fight at the Battle of Hastings against the invading Normans. However, he may have still been a bit too young to have fought at the Battle of Hastings, and some records report his extended family (the Earls of Mercia) were not firm supporters of Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex, for proclaiming for himself the title of King of England following the death of King Edward the Confessor in January 1066. King Harold died at the Battle of Hastings. Turchill did, however, have some relatives from his extended family who were at the Battle of Hastings, the two sons of Alfgar, Earl of Mercia, who had died in 1062: Simon, Earl of Mercia and Morcar, Earl of Northumbria. Earl Simon and Earl Morcar pledged loyality to William the Conqueror shortly after the Battle of Hastings, but both rebelled against William the Conqueror in 1071 and were either killed or captured by William's forces putting down that rebellion. Whatever the case, Turchill could hardly be called a traitor although he did benefit from the largess of William the Conqueror.
  
  Turchill is reported to have married twice, first to a lady called in some historical records an unnamed "Countess of Perche", although it is very unlikely she was an actual Countess. Historical records do prove that William the Conqueror was accompanied by two brothers who came from Perche in Normandy, named in some records Geoffrey de Bellesme, Count of Perche, and his younger brother Foulke (Fulk) de Bellesme. It appears that following the Conquest of England, the descendants of Fulk de Bellesme took on the name Nugent and went to Ireland. Thus, it would appear most likely that the first wife of Turchill may (emphasis on may) have been a daughter of Geoffrey de Bellesme, Count of Perche, which might account for her being called "Countess of Perche".
  
  However, The Visitation of Warwickshire, 1619 [See document in the Memories section of the Countess of Perche], reports the "Countess of Perche" was the widow of Arnulph (Ernulf) de Hesding, Count of Portice, and Turchill was her second husband.
  
  Geoffrey de Bellesme, Count of Perche, who might be the father of the "Countess of Perche" and wife of Turchill, has, in a published pedigree [See document in the Memories section of the Countess of Perche], a sister named Helvisa. Could she be the wife of Turchill??? The Foundation for Medieval Genealogy [See document in the Memories section of the Countess of Perche] lists an unnamed daughter for Geoffrey de Bellesme among his named children. Could she be the wife of Turchill??? From currently available information, it appears impossible to currently identify the first wife of Turchill with any degree of certainty or to determine her actual ancestry.
  
  The fact that Turchill married a daughter or widow (or perhaps both) of one or two of William the Conqueror's supporters in the Conquest may well have aided in Turchill retaining many estates of his father and grandfather for a considerable period of time. That first wife, "Countess of Perche", is most likely the mother of Turchill's heir Simon de Arden as well as Peter de Arden who became a Monk and Ralph de Arden. Some records also list a daughter named Margareta de Arden.
  
  Turchill's second wife, called Leverunia in some historical records, is reported to be the daughter of Alfgar, Earl of Mercia, son of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, and Lady Godiva. Leofric's sister Erminhild of Mercia was married to Turchill's grandfather, Wigot of Wallingford, and thus was Turchill's grandmother and was Earl Alfgar's aunt being the sister of Alfgar's father Leofric, Earl of Mercia. Thus, Leverunia would have been a grand niece of Turchill's grandmother Erminhild, and a rather close relative of Turchill himself. Leverunia is reportedly the mother of Osbert de Arden. Through both Leverunia, his second wife, and Erminhild, his grandmother, Turchill was closely related to the Earls of Mercia.
  
  Is it known that Turchill was still living in 1100, because King Henry I assumed the throne in 1100 upon the death of his older brother King William II, with William II an Henry I both being sons of William the Conqueror. There exists a record that Henry I gave certain lands to Turchill as King. Turchill likely died shortly thereafter in the very early 1100s.
  
  Some records, mostly private records, report that Turchill's children were born about 1120 to 1140. That, of course, is impossible if he died in 1100 or shortly thereafter. Turchill's children must have been born between about 1080 to 1100 or earlier.
  
  === BIOGRAPHY: Turchill was a man of great p ===
  BIOGRAPHY: Turchill was a man of great power and note, was lord of vastlanded possessions at the time of the Conquest, as appears at the GeneralSurvey. Turchill had two wives and has issue by 1st three sons, Siward,Peter, a monk, and Ralph de Arden, of Hampden. This first wife was theCountess of Perche, a widow. Turchill held 52 lordships in CountyWarwick, 14th of William, the Conqueror, 1080. By his 2nd wife, Leveruma,heiress of the Earls of Mercia, he had a son Osbert. BIOGRAPHY: It is from Siward, his eldest son, descended Mary Arden, whomarried John Shakespeare, of Stratford-on-Avon, and was the mother of thepoet, William Shakespeare. It is said that there are many knightly andnoble houses, yet extant, who are thus "participators of the blood thatflowed in the Poet's veins." BIOGRAPHY: Turchill was one of the first here in England that, inimitation of the Normans, assumed a surname; for it appears that he did,and wrote himself Turchillis de Eardene, in the days of King WilliamRufus (1087-1100). This most ancient and worthy family, whose surname wasfirst assumed from their residence in this part of the county, in theparish of Cudworth, which was held by Uluvinius, or Ulfa, Turchill'sgreat-great-grandfather. This was then and yet called Arden, by reason ofits woodiness, the old Britons and Gauls using the word arden in thatsense. However, their principal seats were in other places, Kingsbury andHampton, but this is the place which continued longest in the family.
  
  === Person note ===
  Turchill was a man of great power and note, was lord of vastlanded possessions at the time of the Conquest, as appears at the GeneralSurvey. Turchill had two wives and has issue by 1st three sons, Siward,Peter, a monk, and Ralph de Arden, of Hampden. This first wife was theCountess of Perche, a widow. Turchill held 52 lordships in CountyWarwick, 14th of William, the Conqueror, 1080. By his 2nd wife, Leveruma,heiress of the Earls of Mercia, he had a son Osbert. BIOGRAPHY: It is from Siward, his eldest son, descended Mary Arden, who married John Shakespeare, of Stratford-on-Avon, and was the mother of the poet, William Shakespeare. It is said that there are many knightly and noble houses, yet extant, who are thus "participators of the blood that flowed in the Poet's veins." BIOGRAPHY: Turchill was one of the first here in England that, inimitation of the Normans, assumed a surname; for it appears that he did,and wrote himself Turchillis de Eardene, in the days of King WilliamRufus (1087-1100). This most ancient and worthy family, whose surname was first assumed from their residence in this part of the county, in the parish of Cudworth, which was held by Uluvinius, or Ulfa, Turchill'sgreat-great-grandfather. This was then and yet called Arden, by reason of its woodiness, the old Britons and Gauls using the word arden in that sense. However, their principal seats were in other places, Kingsbury andHampton, but this is the place which continued longest in the family.

1. Ralph de Arderne, b. ABT 1090 in Preston, Sussex, England     d. in Hampton-in-Arden, Warwickshire, England
2. Osbert de Arden, b. ABT 1075     d. 1130

1. Title: Arden Ancestors: Line of Descent from Rohand to Turchill in Burke' A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland 1833, pp. 637-640[See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Burke' A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland 1833, pp. 637-640
   Note: Arden Ancestors: Line of Descent from Rohand to Turchill in Burke' A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland 1833, pp. 637-640[See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Arden Ancestors: Line of Descent from Rohand to Turchill in Burke' A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland 1833, pp. 637-640[See document in the Memories section]
   
2. Title: Turchil (Thorkil) of Warwick in the Domesday Book ~ https://opendomesday.org/ [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: https://opendomesday.org/;
   Note: Turchil (Thorkil) of Warwick in the Domesday Book ~ https://opendomesday.org/ [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Turchil (Thorkil) of Warwick in the Domesday Book ~ https://opendomesday.org/ [See document in the Memories section]
   
3. Title: Pedigree of the Arden [Arderne] Family in Twenty-eight generations of The Arden Family by James Frederick Bell, pg. 24 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Twenty-eight generations of The Arden Family by James Frederick Bell, pg. 24
   Note: Pedigree of the Arden [Arderne] Family in Twenty-eight generations of The Arden Family by James Frederick Bell, pg. 24 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Pedigree of the Arden [Arderne] Family in Twenty-eight generations of The Arden Family by James Frederick Bell, pg. 24 [See document in the Memories section]
   
4. Title: Turchil of Warwick in Dugdale's The Baronage of England, pg. 69-70 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The Baronage of England, pg. 69-70
   Note: Turchil of Warwick in Dugdale's The Baronage of England, pg. 69-70 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Turchil of Warwick in Dugdale's The Baronage of England, pg. 69-70 [See document in the Memories section]
   
5. Title: The House of Goldsborough: Goldsborough: From 6th Century England
   Author: The House of Goldsborough: Goldsborough: From 6th Century England to ... By Eleanora Goldsborough, Paul Feist, Mary W. Feist, Paul Feist, Mary W. Feist, page 126-133
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=Ek8iwcgtTNwC&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=john+de+drayton+%2B+ardene&source=bl&ots=UugDW09bzf&sig=ARaGoMqTCSOH8mod_y7wl66WkgI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5h8bVfqdH9PVoASb3YLoBA&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=john%20de%20drayton%20%2B%20ardene&f=false;
   Note: Gives family pedigree on the draytons and their history leading to the Greene family... NOTE: It is only accurate on some levels, as it skips some generations...for the most accurate information for pedigree, is that of the source also attached, Shakespear's Family...
   
6. Title: Arden (Arderne) Ancestors in The House of Goldsborough, Vol. 1, pg. 127, 130 and 131 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The House of Goldsborough, Vol. 1, pg. 127, 130 and 131
   Note: Arden (Arderne) Ancestors in The House of Goldsborough, Vol. 1, pg. 127, 130 and 131 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Arden (Arderne) Ancestors in The House of Goldsborough, Vol. 1, pg. 127, 130 and 131 [See document in the Memories section]
   
7. Title: Family of Turchill of Warwick in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pgs. 675 and 696 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pgs. 675 and 696
   Note: Family of Turchill of Warwick in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pgs. 675 and 696 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Family of Turchill of Warwick in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pgs. 675 and 696 [See document in the Memories section]
   
8. Title: SHAKESPEARE'S FAMILY
   Author: After clicking on the url, if it doesnt load just reload that same web page and or paste it in again and it will come up with the full book, for some reason it wants to load where just the files are located sometimes.
   Publication: Name: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26315/26315-h/26315-h.htm;
   Note: Describes the ancestry down to the Drayton line...
   
9. Title: The Arden (Arderne) Family in Wikipedia ~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arden_family [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arden_family;
   Note: The Arden (Arderne) Family in Wikipedia ~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arden_family [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: The Arden (Arderne) Family in Wikipedia ~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arden_family [See document in the Memories section]
   
10. Title: Turchil, Siward, Thomas, Ralph, ancestors of the Arden (Arderne) family, in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: http://www.british-history.ac.uk;
    Note: Turchil, Siward, Thomas, Ralph, ancestors of the Arden (Arderne) family, in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Turchil, Siward, Thomas, Ralph, ancestors of the Arden (Arderne) family, in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    
11. Title: Turchill (Thurkill) of Warwick (Arden) in Warwick Castle and its Earls, pg. 48-50 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Warwick Castle and its Earls, pg. 48-50
    Note: Turchill (Thurkill) of Warwick (Arden) in Warwick Castle and its Earls, pg. 48-50 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Turchill (Thurkill) of Warwick (Arden) in Warwick Castle and its Earls, pg. 48-50 [See document in the Memories section]
    
12. Title: Some entries concerning members of the Arden (Arderne) family in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: http://www.british-history.ac.uk;
    Note: Some entries concerning members of the Arden (Arderne) family in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Some entries concerning members of the Arden (Arderne) family in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    
13. Title: Alwin and Turchill in The Visitation of the County of Warwick, 1619, pg. 176-177 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Visitation of the County of Warwick, 1619, pg. 176-177
    Note: Alwin and Turchill in The Visitation of the County of Warwick, 1619, pg. 176-177 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alwin and Turchill in The Visitation of the County of Warwick, 1619, pg. 176-177 [See document in the Memories section]
    
14. Title: The Diary of Samuel Pepys: Guy of Warwick
    Publication: Name: https://www.pepysdiary.com/encyclopedia/10931/#cite_note-1;
    Note: Guy of Warwick, or Gui de Warewic, is a legendary English hero of Romance popular in England and France from the 13th to 17th centuries. The story of Sir Guy is considered by scholars to be part of the Matter of England. Plot The core of the legend is that Guy falls in love with the lady Felice ("Happiness"), who is of much higher social standing. In order to wed Felice he must prove his valour in chivalric adventures and become a knight; in order to do this he travels widely, battling fantastic monsters such as dragons, giants, a Dun Cow and great boars. He returns and weds Felice but soon, full of remorse for his violent past, he leaves on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land; later he returns privately and lives out his long life as a hermit (according to local legend in a cave overlooking the River Avon, situated at Guys Cliffe). In one recension, Guy, son of Siward or Seguard of Wallingford, by his prowess in foreign wars wins in marriage Felice (the Phyllis of the well-known ballad), daughter and heiress of Roalt, Earl of Warwick. Soon after his marriage he is seized with remorse for the violence of his past life, and, by way of penance, leaves his wife and fortune to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After years of absence he returns in time to deliver Winchester for Athelstan of England from the invading northern kings, Anelaph (Anlaf or Olaf) and Gonelaph, by slaying in single combat their champion, the giant Colbrand. Winchester tradition fixes the duel at Hyde Mead, before the Abbey near Winchester. Making his way to Warwick, he becomes one of his wife's beadsmen, and presently retires to a hermitage in Arden, only revealing his identity, like Saint Roch, at the approach of death. Historical basis Velma Bourgeois Richmond[4] has traced the career of Guy of Warwick from the legends of soldier saints to metrical romances composed for an aristocratic audience that widened in the sixteenth century to a popular audience that included Guy among the Nine Worthies, passing into children's literature and local guidebooks, before dying out in the twentieth century. The kernel of the tradition evidently lies in the fight with Colbrand, which symbolically represents some kernel of historical fact. The religious side of the legend finds parallels in the stories of St Eustachius and St Alexius, and makes it probable that the Guy-legend, as we have it, has passed through monastic hands. Tradition seems to be at fault in putting Guy's adventures anachronistically in the reign of Athelstan; the Anlaf of the story is probably Olaf Tryggvason, who, with Sweyn I of Denmark, harried the southern counties of England in 993 and pitched his winter quarters in Southampton; this means the King of England at the time was Æthelred Unready II. Winchester was saved, however, not by the valour of an English champion, but by the payment of money. This Olaf was not unnaturally confused with Anlaf Cuaran or Havelok the Dane. The Anglo-Norman warrior hero of Gui de Warewic, marked Guy's first appearance in the early thirteenth century. Topographical allusions show the poem's composer to be more familiar with the area of Wallingford, near Oxford, than with Warwickshire. Guy was transformed in the fourteenth century with a spate of metrical romances written in Middle English. The versions which we possess are adaptations from the French, and are cast in the form of a roman; the adventures open with a long recital of Guy's wars in Lombardy, Germany and Constantinople, embellished with fights with dragons and surprising feats of arms. The name Guy entered the Beauchamp family, earls of Warwick, when William de Beauchamp IV inherited the title in 1269 through his mother's brother, named his heir "Guy" in 1298. A tower added to Warwick Castle in 1394 was named "Guy's Tower", and Guy of Warwick relics began to accumulate. "Filicia", who belongs to the twelfth century, was perhaps the Norman poet's patroness, occurs in the pedigree of the Ardens, descended from Thurkill of Warwick and his son Siward. Guys Cliffe, near Warwick, where in the fourteenth century Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, erected a chantry, with a statue of the hero, does not correspond with the site of the hermitage as described in the Godfreyson (see Havelok). The narrative detail of the legend is obvious fiction, though it may have become vaguely connected with the family history of the Ardens and the Wallingford family, but it was accepted as authentic fact in the chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft (Peter of Langtoft) written at the end of the thirteenth century. The adventures of Reynbrun, son of Guy, and his tutor Heraud of Arden, who had also educated Guy, have much in common with his father's history, and form an interpolation sometimes treated as a separate romance. A connection between Guy and Guido, count of Tours (flourished about 800) was made when Alcuin's advice to the count, Liber ad Guidonem, was transferred to the English hero in the Speculum Gy de Warewyke (c. 1327), edited for the Early English Text Society by Georgiana Lea Morrill Morrill, 1898. Today Guy of Warwick's Sword can be seen at Warwick Castle. Manuscript tradition The Anglo-Norman French romance was edited by Alfred Ewert in 1932 and published by Champion, and is described by Emile Littré in Histoire littéraire de la France (xxii., 841-851, 1852). A French prose version was printed in Paris, 1525, and subsequently (see Gustave Brunet, Manuel du libraire, s.v. "Guy de Warvich"); the English metrical romance exists in four versions dating from the early fourteenth century; the text was edited by J. Zupitza (1875–1876) for the Early English Texts Society from Cambridge University Library, Paper MS. Ff. 2, 38, and again (pts. 1883-1891, extra series, Nos. 42, 49, 59), from the Auchinleck manuscript and Caius College MS. A late mediaeval Irish prose version, copied in the 15th century, The Irish Lives of Guy of Warwick and Bevis of Hampton is in Trinity College Library, Dublin (Ms H.2.7), and is largely based on the English originals (this, and its translation by F. N. Robinson, are available online from the CELT project). The popularity of the legend is shown by the numerous versions in English: John Lydgate claimed that "Guy of Warwick," his English verse version composed between 1442 and 1468, was translated from the Latin chronicle of Giraldus Cornubiensis (fl. 1350); "Guy of Warwick," a poem (written in 1617 and licensed, but not printed) by John Lane, the manuscript of which (in the British Library) contains a sonnet by John Milton, father of the poet; "The Famous Historie of Guy, Earl of Warwick." (c. 1607) by Samuel Rowlands; "The Booke of the moste Victoryous Prince Guy of Warwicke" (William Copland, London, n.d.); other editions by J. Cawood and C. Bates; chapbooks and ballads of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; "The Tragical History, Admirable Achievements and Various Events of Guy Earl of Warwick," (1661) which possibly may be identical with a play on the subject written by John Day and Thomas Dekker, and entered at Stationers' Hall on 15 January 1618/19; three verse fragments are printed by Hales and F. J. Furnivall in their edition of the Percy Folio MS. vol. ii.; an early French MS. is described by J. A. Herbert ("An Early MS. of Gui de Warwick," London, 1905). In the Valencian book "Tirant lo Blanch" appears a character based on Guy Whose name is "Guillem de Varoic." Depictions in Culture Guy of Warwick, along with Colbrand the Giant, is mentioned in Shakespeare's "Henry VIII" (Porter's Man: "I am not Samson, nor Sir Guy, nor Colbrand, To mow 'em down before me.") Colbrand is also mentioned in King John. (Bastard: "Colbrand the giant, that same mighty man?") A stage act drawing on the myth called "Sir Guy of Warwick" tours Renaissance Festivals in the United States.
    
15. Title: Turchill of Warwick in Burke's Landed Gentry, Vol. 1, pg. 33 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Burke's Landed Gentry, Vol. 1, pg. 33
    Note: Turchill of Warwick in Burke's Landed Gentry, Vol. 1, pg. 33 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Turchill of Warwick in Burke's Landed Gentry, Vol. 1, pg. 33 [See document in the Memories section]
    
16. Title: The Visitation of the county of Warwick in the year 1619. Taken by William Camden, Clarenceaux king of arms by Camden, William, 1551-1623; Fetherston, John; College of Arms (Great Britain)
    Author: pages 177-182
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/visitationcount01britgoog;
    Note: Discusses in pedigree format the history of the Ardenes...
    
17. Title: Wigot, Alwin and Turchill in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pg. 301-302 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pg. 301-302
    Note: Wigot, Alwin and Turchill in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pg. 301-302 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Wigot, Alwin and Turchill in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pg. 301-302 [See document in the Memories section]
    
18. Title: Twenty-eight generations of The Arden Family by James Frederick Bell ~http://www.spanglefish.com/TheArdenTree/index.asp?pageid=683301 [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: http://www.spanglefish.com/TheArdenTree/index.asp?pageid=683301;
    Note: Twenty-eight generations of The Arden Family by James Frederick Bell ~http://www.spanglefish.com/TheArdenTree/index.asp?pageid=683301 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Twenty-eight generations of The Arden Family by James Frederick Bell ~http://www.spanglefish.com/TheArdenTree/index.asp?pageid=683301 [See document in the Memories section]
    
19. Title: "Warwick castle and its earls : from Saxon times to the present day," by Frances Evelyn Maynard Greville, Countess of Warwick, 1861-1938
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/cu31924050615214/page/n73/mode/2up?q=Thurkill;
    Note: Turkill, the Traitor Earl— Why he was not at Hastings— How the Conqueror favoured him— How he changed his Name, and was the Ancestor of William Shakespeare. WE have now done with the collapsing legends, and may tread upon the solid floor of history. Facts are at last at our disposal — trustworthy, though not as yet superabundant. We cannot go into many details; but we are sure of our ground, such as it is. The last Earl of Warwick whom we mentioned was Wygotus, who is said to have married the sister of the Lady Godiva's husband, Leofric, Earl of Mercia. A Harleian MS. is our authority for the statement that he had by her Alwine, Earl of Warwick, slain by the Danes at Stamford Hill, in the first year of the reign of Harold, son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex; and that Alwine, in his turn, had a son, Thurkill, Earl of Warwick, who married a Countess of Perche. About Thurkill (or Turchill, as the name is sometimes written) we really know facts, from Domesday Book, from Dugdale's "Baronage," and from a few other sources. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he was present at the consecration of the minster of Assandune in 1020; that he was outlawed by King Cnut, 1021, but received into favour again, and entrusted with the government of Denmark in 1023; also that he marched against the Welsh with "Elfyet and many good men" to avenge the death of Edwin, brother of Leofric of and vanquisht King Harold, and though he were then a man of especial note and power yet he did give no assistance to Harold in that Battail, as may easily be seen from the favour he received at the hands of the Conqueror, for by the General Survey begun about the 14. of King William's Reign, it appears that he then continued possest of vast lands in this Shire, and yet whereof was neither the borough, or castle of Warwick any part." His possessions are enumerated in Domesday Book. There are no fewer than seventy entries under his name, of which the following may serve as examples : — "Robert de Olgi holds of Turchil, in Dercelai (probably Dosthill), 2 hides in mortgage. The arable employs 3 ploughs. There are 7 villeins, with 2 ploughs, and 2 bondmen. A mill pays 3 2d., and there are 10 acres of meadow. Wood 2 furlongs long, and the same broad. It was worth 3CS., now 40s. Untain held it." The reason why Thurkill refrained from opposing the Conqueror is clear enough. His relatives, the Earls of Mercia, Leofric, and his successors ^Ifgar and Morkere, had been constantly in arms against Harold, whom Mercia generally had never really recognised as King of England. Posterity, however, without taking account of his reason, has contemptuously styled him "the Traitor Earl," and he certainly profited by his treachery. Though William later on took some of his estates for the endowment of the new Earldom of Warwick, Thurkill's son held of the new Earl, holding by sergeantry in his household, and taking the name of de Arden; and Thurkill himself, as a mark of special favour, was allowed to retain his property for life, and was even appointed custos of the newly fortified town of Warwick. That is all there is to be said about him, except that he has a further claim on our interest through the most illustrious of his descendants. Observe : — "TuRCHiLL was twice married; by his second wife Leverunia, daughter, according to Drummond, of Algar, son and successor of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, he had a son, Osbert de Arden, whose daughter and heir. Amice, carried the ancient seat of the Mercian kings, called after them Kingsbury, to her husband Peter de Bracebridge, of Bracebridge, co. Lincoln, and one of their descendants, Alice Bracebridge, became the wife of Sir John Arden, Knight, elder brother of Thomas Arden, maternal great-grandfather of William Shakspeare." So it is written in "Shakespeareana Genealogica." Among the literary associations of the Earldom of Warwick — which it will be seen, as our narrative pro- ceeds, are fairly numerous — this, the earliest and most glorious, is also, in all probability, the least known. Most Earls of Warwick have almost certainly lived and died without ever discovering their connection with England's greatest poet.
    
20. Title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 12: Guy of Warwick
    Author: 1. Some writers have supposed that the fight with Colbrand symbolizes the victory of Brunanburh. Anelaph and Gonelaph would then represent the cousins Anlaf Sihtricson and Anlaf Godfreyson (see Havelok). 2. See the English legends in C. Horstmann, "Altenglische Legenden," Neue Folge (Heilbronn, 1881).
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Guy_of_Warwick;
    Note: GUY OF WARWICK, English hero of romance. Guy, son of Siward or Seguard of Wallingford, by his prowess in foreign wars wins in marriage Félice (the Phyllis of the well-known ballad), daughter and heiress of Roalt, earl of Warwick. Soon after his marriage he is seized with remorse for the violence of his past life, and, by way of penance, leaves his wife and fortune to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After years of absence he returns in time to deliver Winchester for King Æthelstan from the invading northern kings, Anelaph (Anlaf or Olaf) and Gonelaph, by slaying in single fight their champion the giant Colbrand. Local tradition fixes the duel at Hyde Mead near Winchester. Making his way to Warwick he becomes one of his wife’s bedesmen, and presently retires to a hermitage in Arden, only revealing his identity at the approach of death. The versions of the Middle English romance of Guy which we possess are adaptations from the French, and are cast in the form of a "roman d’aventures," opening with a long recital of Guy’s wars in Lombardy, Germany and Constantinople, and embellished with fights with dragons and surprising feats of arms. The kernel of the tradition evidently lies in the fight with Colbrand, which represents, or at least is symbolic of an historical fact. The religious side of the legend finds parallels in the stories of St Eustachius and St Alexius, and makes it probable that the Guy-legend, as we have it, has passed through monastic hands. Tradition seems to be at fault in putting Guy’s adventures under Æthelstan. The Anlaf of the story is probably Olaf Tryggvason, who, with Sweyn of Denmark, harried the southern counties of England in 993 and pitched his winter quarters in Southampton. Winchester was saved, however, not by the valor of an English champion, but by the payment of money. This Olaf was not unnaturally confused with Anlaf Cuaran or Havelok (q.v.). The name Guy (perhaps a Norman form of A. S. "wig" = war) may be fairly connected with the family of Wigod, lord of Wallingford under Edward the Confessor, and a Filicia, who belongs to the 12th century and was perhaps the Norman poet’s patroness, occurs in the pedigree of the Ardens, descended from Thurkill of Warwick and his son Siward. Guy’s Cliffe, near Warwick, where in the 14th century Richard de Beauchamp, earl of Warwick, erected a chantry, with a statue of the hero, does not correspond with the site of the hermitage as described in the romance. The bulk of the legend is obviously fiction, even though it may be vaguely connected with the family history of the Ardens and the Wallingford family, but it was accepted as authentic fact in the chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft (Peter of Langtoft) written at the end of the 13th century. The adventures of Reynbrun, son of Guy, and his tutor Heraud of Arden, who had also educated Guy, have much in common with his father’s history, and form an interpolation sometimes treated as a separate romance. There is a certain connexion between Guy and Count Guido of Tours (fl. 800), and Alcuin’s advice to the count is transferred to the English hero in the Speculum Gy of Warewyke (c. 1327), edited for the Early English Text Society by G. L. Morrill, 1898. The French romance (Brit. Mus. Harl. MS. 3775) has not been printed, but is described by Émile Littré in "Hist. litt. de la France" (xxii., 841-851, 1852). A French prose version was printed in Paris, 1525, and subsequently (see G. Brunet, "Manuel du libraire, s.v." "Guy de Warvich"); the English metrical romance exists in four versions, dating from the early 14th century; the text was edited by J. Zupitza (1875–1876) for the E.E.T.S. from Cambridge University Lib. Paper MS. Ff. 2, 38, and again (3 pts. 1883–1891, extra series, Nos. 42, 49, 59), from the Auchinleck and Caius College MSS. The popularity of the legend is shown by the numerous versions in English: Guy of Warwick, translated from the Latin of Girardus Cornubiensis (fl. 1350) into English verse by John Lydgate between 1442 and 1468; "Guy of Warwick," a poem (written in 1617 and licensed, but not printed) by John Lane, the MS. of which (Brit. Mus.) contains a sonnet by John Milton, father of the poet; "The Famous Historie of Guy, Earl of Warwick" (c. 1607), by Samuel Rowlands; "The Booke of the Moste Victoryous Prince Guy of Warwicke" (William Copland, no date); other editions by J. Cawood and C. Bates; chapbooks and ballads of the 17th and 18th centuries: "The Tragical History, Admirable Atchievements and Curious Events of Guy, Earl of Warwick," a tragedy (1661) that possibly may be identical with a play on the subject written by John Day and Thomas Dekker, and entered at Stationers’ Hall on the 15th of January 1618/19; three verse fragments are printed by Hales and Furnivall in their edition of the Percy Folio MS. vol. ii.; an early French MS. is described by J. A. Herbert ("An Early MS. of Gui de Warwick," London, 1905). See also M. Weyrauch "Die mittelengl. Fassungen der Sage von Guy" (2 pts., Breslau, 1899 and 1901); J. Zupitza in "Silzungsber. d. phil.-hist. Kl. d. kgl. Akad. d. Wiss. (vol. lxxiv., Vienna, 1874), and Zur Literaturgeschichte des Guy von Warwick" (Vienna, 1873); a learned discussion of the whole subject by H. L. Ward, "Catalogue of Romances" (i. 471-501, 1883); and an article by S. L. Lee in the "Dictionary of National Biography."
    
21. Title: Arden (Arderne) Ancestors in the History of the Forest and Chase of Sutton Coldfield, pg. 21-22 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: History of the Forest and Chase of Sutton Coldfield, pg. 21-22
    Note: Arden (Arderne) Ancestors in the History of the Forest and Chase of Sutton Coldfield, pg. 21-22 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Arden (Arderne) Ancestors in the History of the Forest and Chase of Sutton Coldfield, pg. 21-22 [See document in the Memories section]
    
22. Title: Alwin and Turchil in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: http://www.british-history.ac.uk;
    Note: Alwin and Turchil in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alwin and Turchil in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
    
23. Title: Arden (Arderne) ancestors in A Companion and Key to the History of England, pg. 681 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: A Companion and Key to the History of England, pg. 681
    Note: Arden (Arderne) ancestors in A Companion and Key to the History of England, pg. 681 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Arden (Arderne) ancestors in A Companion and Key to the History of England, pg. 681 [See document in the Memories section]
    
24. Title: Turchill of Warwick in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. II, pg. 355, 357-358 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. II, pg. 357-358
    Note: Turchill of Warwick in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. II, pg. 355, 357-358 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Turchill of Warwick in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. II, pg. 355, 357-358 [See document in the Memories section]
    
25. Title: Pedigree of Alwin, Turchill, Simon, Peter, Ralph and Osbert (Arden) in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pg. 676 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pg. 676
    Note: Pedigree of Alwin, Turchill, Simon, Peter, Ralph and Osbert (Arden) in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pg. 676 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Pedigree of Alwin, Turchill, Simon, Peter, Ralph and Osbert (Arden) in Dugdale's The Antiquities of Warwickshire, pg. 676 [See document in the Memories section]
    
26. Title: Alwin the Sheriff in Wikipedia ~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Ælfwine_of_Warwick [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Ælfwine_of_Warwick;
    Note: Alwin the Sheriff in Wikipedia ~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Ælfwine_of_Warwick [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alwin the Sheriff in Wikipedia ~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Ælfwine_of_Warwick [See document in the Memories section]