Conan de Penthièvre IV Duke of Brittany

• Preferred Name: Conan de Penthièvre IV Duke of Brittany^{[1] [2]}
  
• Alternate Name: Conan IV la Petit of Brittany Duke of Brittany
  
• Alternate Name: Conan Duke of Brittany IV
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: FEB 1171 in Begar Abbey, Brittany, France at LATI: N8.3185 LONG: E2.9377
  
• Nickname:
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond with note: Data Standardization.
  
• Birth: 1138 in Denain, Nord-Pas-De-Calais, France at LATI: N0.3268 LONG: E0.4001
  
• Christening: 1146 in Brittany, France at LATI: N8.3185 LONG: E2.9377
  
• Death: 20 FEB 1171 in Bégard, Guingamp, Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France at LATI: N8.63 LONG: E3.3011
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Count
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 2nd Earl of RichmondBET 1146 AND 1166 with note: See Wikipedia.
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 2nd Earl of RichmondBET 1146 AND 1166
  
• FSID: LZ8N-8BQ
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Conan IV of Penthièvre (1138-February 20, 1171), (Breton: Konan IV Penteur, and Konan Breizh) called "the Young", was duke of Brittany, from 1156 to 1166. He was the son of Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, and her first husband, Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond. Conan IV was his father's heir as 2nd Earl of Richmond and his mother's heir as Duke of Brittany. From his father's side, Conan was great-great-grandson of duke Geoffrey I and great grandson of Odo of Brittany. Conan and his daughter Constance would be the only representatives of the Penthièvre dynasty of Brittany to hold the Duchy's crown.
  
  «b»Accession«/b»
  Conan was the son of Duchess Bertha by her first husband, Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond. With the death of his mother in early 1156, Conan IV expected to inherit the ducal throne. However, he was denied his inheritance by his stepfather, Odo, Viscount of Porhoet, who refused to relinquish authority. Odo may have entered into a pact with Conan's maternal uncle, Hoel, Count of Nantes, with the goal of dividing Brittany between them. Being under threat of rebellion in Nantes, sponsored by Geoffrey VI, Count of Anjou, Hoel could not send Odo any aid. Within the year Conan IV was able to capture and imprison Odo and claim his inheritance.
  
  Conan also inherited the title Earl of Richmond from his father Alan, which made him subject to both the King of England and the King of France.
  
  «b»Plantagenet ambitions«/b»
  Henry II of England, the Count of Anjou, attempted to obtain control of the Duchy of Brittany, which neighboured his lands and had traditionally been largely independent from the rest of France, with its own language and culture. The Breton dukes held little power across most of the duchy, which was mostly controlled by local lords. In 1148, Duke Conan III died and civil war broke out. Henry claimed to be the overlord of Brittany, on the basis that the duchy had owed loyalty to Henry I, and saw controlling the duchy both as a way of securing his other French territories and as a potential inheritance for one of his sons. Initially Henry's strategy was to rule indirectly through proxies, and accordingly Henry supported Conan IV's claims over most of the duchy, partly because Conan had strong English ties and could be easily influenced. Conan's uncle, Hoel, continued to control the county of Nantes in the east until he was deposed in 1156 by Henry's brother, Geoffrey, possibly with Henry's support.
  
  When Geoffrey of Anjou died in 1158, Conan attempted to reclaim Nantes but was opposed by Henry who annexed it for himself. Louis took no action to intervene as Henry steadily increased his power in Brittany. Conan's control of Nantes had the effect of reuniting Brittany. Henry II, responded by seizing the Earldom of Richmond, Conan's paternal inheritance, and demanded the return of Nantes. Conan and Henry made peace, and in 1160 Conan married Henry's cousin Margaret, sister of the Scottish king William the Lion. Conan and Margaret had at least one daughter, Constance. A son of Conan's named William appears to have still been alive towards 1200.
  
  «b»Unrest and abdication«/b»
  Conan faced several revolts from his own nobles, rebellions possibly covertly supported by England. To put down the unrest, the Duke appealed for help to Henry II, who, in return, demanded the betrothal of Constance to Henry's younger son Geoffrey.
  
  While local Breton nobles began to rebel against Conan IV, Henry had begun to alter his policy of indirect rule in Brittany and started to exert more direct control. In 1164 Henry intervened to seize lands along the border of Brittany and Normandy, and in 1166 invaded Brittany to punish the local barons. Henry then forced Conan to abdicate as duke and to give Brittany to his daughter Constance; Conan also betrothed Constance to Henry's son Geoffrey. This arrangement was quite unusual in terms of medieval law, as Conan might have had sons who could have legitimately inherited the duchy.
  
  According to the histories that record the abdication of Conan IV, he died in 1171 sometime after his abdication.
  
  Henry II had claimed to be Overlord of Brittany, as would his son Richard the Lionheart. Henry never claimed the Dukedom of Brittany. After Conan IV abdicated, Henry II held guardianship over Brittany for Conan's daughter Constance, until such time as Henry II's fourth legitimate son, Geoffrey Plantagenet, could marry her.
  ________________________________________________
  
  CONAN de Penthièvre, son of ALAIN Earl of Richmond & his wife Berthe heiress of Brittany ([1138]-18 or 20 Feb 1171, bur Bégard Monastery). The Chronicæ Sancti Albini names "Conanus junior, comes Britanniæ, Alani comitis filius et Berta mater eius comitissa" when recording his death[272]. The Genealogia Comitum Richemundiæ records that "Conanus filius Alani" succeeded his father "in honorem Richemundiæ" and built "turrim magnam infra Castellum Richemundiæ"[273]. He invaded Brittany in 1156, captured Rennes, expelled his stepfather who was taken prisoner by Raoul de Fougères, and succeeded as CONAN IV "le Petit" Duke of Brittany. [Source: Medieval Lands, retrieved 30 June 2018, dvmansur; see link in Sources.]
  
  BIO
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#ConanIVdied1171B as of 1/18/2016
  
  CONAN de Penthièvre, son of ALAIN Earl of Richmond & his wife Berthe heiress of Brittany ([1138]-18 or 20 Feb
  
  === NAME Conan IV "le Petit" Count Of /BRETA ===
  NAME Conan IV "le Petit" Count Of /BRETAGNE/ 1159/1160 as marriage to Margaret, she would only be 5 ??
  
  === !#21> Complete Peerage-v3-p168,-v6-p457, ===
  !#21> Complete Peerage-v3-p168,-v6-p457,642fn(m),-v10-p780ped,791-793*, (FHL 942 D22cok); #189> Scots Peerage-v1-p4, (FHL 941 D22p); !AF: BAPT-END> AFN:9FTZHC; !TITLE> & Earl of Richmond; !ABEYANCE> Lobineau (Hist de Bretagne v1-p157)> Conan IV-bur at Begard, authority for statement not given;
  
  === r.CONAN IV, d. 20 Feb. 1171, Duke of Bri ===
  r.CONAN IV, d. 20 Feb. 1171, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond; m. 1160 MARGARET OF HUNTINGDON (94-26), dau. of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon. [Weis "60 Colonists", line 119-20.] b.Conan IV was Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond.
  
  === THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 ===
  THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.187, 188; SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 SO68) P.13, 20, 43; ANCESTRAL FILE, LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  
  === !Additional information will be added in ===
  !Additional information will be added in French Medieval files. !#44-v3-p53; !#244-v1-p544; !#871-p6;
  
  === Source: Norr, Paget; A. Roots 96, 119. D ===
  Source: Norr, Paget; A. Roots 96, 119. Duke of Brittany and Earl ofRichmond.
  
  === !DEATH: Diary and autobiography of Edmun ===
  !DEATH: Diary and autobiography of Edmund Bohun, 1853 Royal Genealogies of Magna Carte Barons He was Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond
  
  === !AKA: Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl o ===
  !AKA: Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond - Doc. Line 96-26, 119-27 !DEATH: Date: 1171 - Doc. Line 96-26 February 20, 1171 - Doc. 119-27 !MARRIAGE: Conan IV, Duke and Margaret de Huntingdon - Doc. Line 96-26, 119-27 Date: 1160 - Doc. Line 96-26, 119-27
  
  === https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conan_IV,_Duke_of_Brittany ===
  Everard, J. A. (2000). Brittany and the Angevins: Province and Empire 1158–1203. Cambridge University Press.Everard, Judith; Jones, Michael C. E., eds. (1999). The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and Her Family, 1171-1221. The Boydell Press.Huscroft, Richard (2016). Tales from the Long Twelfth Century: The Rise and Fall of the Angevin Empire. Yale University Press.
  
  === !Peter of Dreux, by Sidney Painter, Gene ===
  !Peter of Dreux, by Sidney Painter, Genealogical Chart II; Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, 1156-1171; !The Royal Bastards of Medieval England, Given-Wilson and Curteis, p69; (1156-70, deposed); !Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700; Seventh Edition, p93; Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond d. 1171;
  
  === Weis. 119-27. Conan IV was Duke of Bri ===
  Weis. 119-27. Conan IV was Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond.
  
  === My PAF Notes ===
  from thepeerage.com, 6/2009:
  Conan IV de Bretagne, Duc de Bretagne1
  M, #102516, b. after 1137, d. 20 February 1171
  Conan IV de Bretagne, Duc de Bretagne|b. a 1137\nd. 20 Feb 1171|p10252.htm#i102516|Alain II de Treguier, Earl of Richmond|d. 1146|p4047.htm#i40468|Berthe de Bretagne|d. bt 1158 - 1164|p4047.htm#i40469|Etienne I. de Bretagne, Comte de Treguier et de Lamballe|d. 1137|p4047.htm#i40466|Havise de Guincamp||p4047.htm#i40467|Conon I. de Cornouaille, Duc de Bretagne|d. 1148|p10471.htm#i104706|Matilda (?)||p10471.htm#i104704|
  Last Edited=8 Feb 2007
  Consanguinity Index=1.01%
  Conan IV de Bretagne, Duc de Bretagne was born after 1137. He was the son of Alain II de Treguier, Earl of Richmond and Berthe de Bretagne . He married Margaret of Scotland, Countess of Hereford , daughter of Henry of Huntingdon, Earl of Huntingdon and Ada de Warenne , between 1159 and 1160.2 He died on 20 February 1171.
  Conan IV de Bretagne, Duc de Bretagne gained the title of Duc de Bretagne in 1156.1 He gained the title of Earl of Richmond.1 Conan IV de Bretagne, Duc de Bretagne also went by the nick-name of Conan 'Le Petit'.
  Child of Conan IV de Bretagne, Duc de Bretagne and Margaret of Scotland, Countess of Hereford
  Constance de Bretagne, Duchesse de Bretagne + b. c 1161, d. 5 Sep 12013
  Citations
  [S11 ] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 60. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Family.
  [S11 ] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Family, page 195.
  [S6 ] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume III, page 168. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
  
  === Ancestral File Number: 9FTZ-HC ===
  Ancestral File Number: 9FTZ-HC
  
  === V M Norr: Some Early English Pedigrees ===
  V M Norr: Some Early English Pedigrees P. 32
  
  === Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, ===
  Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond,
  
  === #Générale# Duc de Bretagne. ===
  #Générale# Duc de Bretagne.
  
  === !SOURCE: ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF SIXTY COLON ===
  !SOURCE: ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF SIXTY COLONISTS WHO CAME TO NEW ENGLAND BETWEEN 1623 AND 1650, 6TH ED 1988, PG 108 LINE 119 #27. DUKE OF BRITTANY, EARL OF RICHMOND
  
  === Gf. v. Richemont u. Herr v. Quincamp 115 ===
  Gf. v. Richemont u. Herr v. Quincamp 1156, Hg. v. Bretagne 1156-1166
  
  === : NAME Conan IV "le Petit" Count Of /BRE ===
  : NAME Conan IV "le Petit" Count Of /BRETAGNE/ !: SOUR AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints TITL Ancestral File(TM) PUBL June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998 REPO @R01@
  
  === GEN: See Historical Document. ===
  GEN: See Historical Document.
  
  === 1 NAME Conan IV "le Petit" Count Of /BRE ===
  1 NAME Conan IV "le Petit" Count Of /BRETAGNE/
  
  === Name Prefix: Earl ===
  Name Prefix: Earl
  
  === Count of Bretagne ===
  Count of Bretagne
  
  === REF: Weis, Ancestral Roots 96-26. REF: ===
  REF: Weis, Ancestral Roots 96-26. REF: Weis, Ancestral Roots 119-27. Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond.
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition L 119-27, 96-26 !Earl of Richmond.
  
  === !NAME: Conan IV, "le Petit", Count Of BR ===
  !NAME: Conan IV, "le Petit", Count Of BRETAGNE
  
  === !Duke of Bretagne and Earl of Richmond ! ===
  !Duke of Bretagne and Earl of Richmond !The Oxford Illistrated History of the British Monarchy by Cannon and Griffith. !Royal Ancestors of Some American Families by Michel Call SLC 1989 #348. 490
  
  === Conan IV was overthrown in 1166. (France ===
  Conan IV was overthrown in 1166. (France In The Making: 843-1180, Jean Dunbabin, Genealogical Table for Dukes or Counts of Brittany)
  
  === !#552-v2-t75; ===
  !#552-v2-t75;
  
  === !Some Colonial Dames of Royal Descent pa ===
  !Some Colonial Dames of Royal Descent page 194
  
  === 2 SOUR S003866 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of ===
  2 SOUR S003866 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Sep 17, 2002 2 SOUR S229184 3 DATA 4 TEXT Date of Import: Dec 3, 2002 !NOTE: Brian Tompsett, Directory of Royal Genealogical Data;;;;;TYPE Web !NOTE: Humphrey.ged;;;;, Source Media Type: Other. Date of Import: Sep !NOTE: Corrie Hale Families 11-18-02.FTW;;;;, Source Media Type: Other. !NOTE: GEDCOM File : Corrie Hale Families 12-4-02.ged !MARRIAGE: GEDCOM File : Corrie Hale Families 12-4-02.ged !MARRIAGE: Humphrey.ged;;;;, Source Media Type: Other. Date of Import:
  
  === Richmond, previous creations: Alan III, ===
  Richmond, previous creations: Alan III, a Count of Brittany, whose uncle, another Alan, was probably a companion in arms of William I (The Conqueror) at Hastings and was granted vast land holdings in Yorkshire almost immediately after the Conquest, seems to have been recognized as Earl of Richmond by 1136. There is no record of his formal investiture with the dignity, however.
  
  His title derived from Richmond Castle in North Yorkshire, which his uncle Alan had built not long before dying in 1089 and which remained the caput or administrative centre of the honor (agglomeration of knight's fees in a single unit under the feudal system). Richmond Castle was granted to the 1st Duke of Richmond of the present creation in August 1675, the same month he was first ennobled, but the medieval hono comprised lands throughout eastern England, not just in Yorkshire. Earl Alan sided with Stephen against the Empress Maud at the time of the Anarchyl. His son Conan IV held the Dukedom of Brittany (right to which he enjoyed through his mother, Alan's wife) as well as the Earldom of Richmond. [Burke's Peerage, p. 2402]
  
  -----------------------------------
  
  EARLDOM OF RICHMOND (II)
  
  CONAN IV, DUKE OF BRITTANY and EARL OF RICHMOND, son and heir, succeeded his father in the Earldom of Richniond, being at that time under age. In 1156 he was in receipt of the third penny of the borough of Ipswich and two hundreds. In September 1156 he crossed to Brittany, besieged and took Rennes and put his stepfather Eudon to flight; shortly afterwards Eudon was taken prisoner by Ralf de Fougès and Conan was recognised as Duke of BrIttany. Between the latter part of 1156 and April 1158 he was in England, executing charters at Boston and Washingborough in Lincs, York and Richmond, and at Cheshunt in Herts, but on 22 April 1158 he was at Rennes, where he executed with the consent of his mother a charter for the abbey of St. Melaine. In July 1158 died Geoffrey, brother of King Henry II, who had the comté of Nantes, which Conan thereupon seized. The King ordered the honor of Richmond to be seized and crossed to France; Conan hastened to meet him at Avranches, where on 29 September he surrendered Nantes and made his peace. At some unascertained date after obtaining possession of the Duchy he disselsed his uncle Count Henry of Tréguier and Guingamp, which he retained till his death. He must have visited England in 1160, the year of his marriage to Margaret of Scotland. Thereafter he was probably for the most part in Brittany, executing a charter at Guingamp for Savigny on 12 March 1162 or 1163, and one at Quimper for the abbey of Ste. Croix of QuimperIé on 15 August 1162, and another for Savigny at Rennes on 2 February 1163. He was present at the Council of Clarendon in January 1164, about which time he executed at Wilton a charter for Le Mont St. Michel; this seems to be his last visit to England of which record exists. In the latter part of 1166, when Conan's only daughter and heir, Constance, was betrothed to Geoffrey, son of Henry II, he surrendered the Duchy of Brittany to the King, retaining only Guingamp and its dependencies. In the same year he executed at Rennes a charter for Savigny, and on 31 July he with the King was present at the translation of the body of the Breton saint Brieuc in the abbey church of SS. Sergius and Bacchus at Angers. He was again with the King at Angers on 24 March 1168, when he witnessed a royal charter. By a charter, of which the limits of date are 1167-1171, he gave land for the foundation of the abbey of St. Maurice de Carnoët.
  
  He married, in 1160, Margaret of Scotland, sister of MALCOLM IV, King of Scofland, and daughter of Henry, EARL OF HUNTINGDON, by Ada or Adeline, daughter of William (DE WARENNE), EARL OF SURREY. He died 20 February 1171. His widow married, 2ndly, before Easter 1175, Humphrey DE BoHUN, Constable of England; she died in 1201, and was buried at Sawtrey Abbey, Hunts. [Complete Peerage X:791-3, XIV:545, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]
  
  === Duke of Brittany, "la Petit" of Brittan ===
  Duke of Brittany, "la Petit" of Brittany Acceded: 1156; deposed in 1166. Also known as the Earl of Richmond.
  
  === succ. (de jure) as 5th Earl of richmond, ===
  succ. (de jure) as 5th Earl of richmond, Mar. 30, 1146; Knight; second founder of Jorvaulx Abbey, 1156; st. Earl of Richmond, [1156]; acknowledged as duc de Bretagne, 1156; resigned dukedom of Bretagne, 1166; st. comte de Guincamp, in Bretagne, 1166-1171;

• m. ABT 1160

1. Constance of Brittany, b. ABT 1161 in Brittany, France     d. ABT 5 SEP 1201 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France

1. Title: Conan de Penthièvre, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV2Y-BPBD : 12 May 2022), Conan de Penthièvre, ; Burial, Begard, Departement des Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France, Begard Abbey; citing record ID 83267763, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV2Y-BPBD;
   
2. Title: Conan de Penthièvre, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV2Y-BPBD : 12 May 2022), Conan de Penthièvre, ; Burial, Begard, Departement des Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France, Begard Abbey; citing record ID 83267763, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV2Y-BPBD;