Robert de Brus I

• Preferred Name: Robert de Brus I^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}
  
• Alternate Name: Robert Brus I
  
• Alternate Name: Robert de Bruce I
  
• Alternate Name: Robert Bruce I
  
• Alternate Name: Robert Brusi l
  
• Gender: M
  
• FSID: GKF1-38Z
  
• Death: 1098 in Scotland
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 1st Lord of Annandale
  
• Birth: 1030 in Norway at LATI: N2 LONG: E0
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Earl of Carrick
  

• m. 1061 in Normandy, France

1. William De Braose 1st Lord Of Bramber, b. 1049 in Brienze, Normandy, France     d. 1087 in Sussex, England

1. Adam Bruce,     d. 1080

1. Title: Male Robert Bruis - Doomsday Book
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/DomesdayBookYorkshire/page/n67/mode/2up?q=Bruis;
   
2. Title: Chapter 5. KINGS of SCOTLAND (BRUCE) - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#AdamBrusdied1143;
   Note: Copied… Descendants of ROBERT [I] de Brus (who died 11 May 1141, and was buried at Gysburne/Gisborough Priory). PLEASE NOTE THIS RECORD GOES BACK NO FARTHER THAN ROBERT DE BRUS, 1ST LORD OF SKELTON AND ANNANDALE (died 1141) IT DOES NOT MENTION THE IDENTITY OF HIS GREAT-GRANDFATHER AT ALL
   
3. Title: Scots Peerage V2 - BRUCE, Earl of Carrick
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun02pauluoft/page/428/mode/1up;
   Note: Copied from a other source… History of the Bruce Earls of Carrick beginning with Adelm (Adam) De Brus in the 11th century (before 1080) down through Alexander de Brus (son of Edward, Earl of Carrick) who died in 1333; after which the earldom went to the Stewarts Pages 428 to 437 ADELM (or ADAM) DE BRUS, is said to have been the second son of Robert de Brus, a Norman knight, and Emma, daughter of Allan, Earl of Brittany. He is also said to have come to England before his father, perhaps as a page to Queen Emma, daughter of Richard, Duke of Normandy, and widow of King Ethelred II and King Canute. Sir George Mackenzie states that after that Queen's death he came to Scotland and got a grant of the lands of Bowden from Malcolm Ceannmor, but this is very doubtful, and there does not appear to be any record evidence for it. On William the Conqueror's invasion of England he joined that King, with whom his father had also come. His services were rewarded with a grant of the barony of Skelton and lordship of Cleveland, in Yorkshire. He died about 1080; he is said to have married Emma, daughter of Sir William de Ramsay, but this also is doubtful. He left issue, so far as is known: — 1. ROBERT. 2. William, the first Prior of Gisburne, who was buried there, 1155 ROBER DE BRUS succeeded his father in the barony of Skelton. There has been much confusion about this Robert through Dugdale confounding him with his grandfather, who bore the same name. He became a very powerful Baron, having no less than ninety-four lordships in Yorkshire, summed at fifteen knights' fees. He was a liberal benefactor to the Church, and along with the Earl of Huntingdon (afterwards David I) founded the Abbey of Selkirk, afterwards removed to Kelso. He had charters from David I, circa 1124, of the lands of Estrahanent, or Annandale. He married Agnes, daughter of Foulk de Paganell,2 and got with her the manor of Careton, in Yorkshire, and other lands. Of a second alleged marriage to Agnes de Annand there is no proof. He died in May 1141, leaving issue: 1. Adam, who succeeded in Skelton. 2. ROBERT, surnamed 'le meschin,' who succeeded in Annandale. 3. Pagan, supposed to have been the founder of the family of Bruce of Pickering. 4. Agatha, married to Ralph, son of Ribald, Lord of Middleham. ROBERT DE BRUSS, ' le meschin ' or the younger, the second son of his father, got from him his Scottish possessions of Annandale just before the battle of the Standard in 1138; they were both present at that engagement, but upon different sides, though the young possessor of Annandale was only fourteen. He is said to have been taken prisoner by his own father, who sent him to King Stephen, but that monarch courteously remitted him to his mother at Skelton. The whole affair was probably a family arrangement to prevent the lands, in the case of either side winning, from going out of the family by forfeiture. Robert de Brus had a grant of certain ands in Durham from his father, on a complaint made by him that he had no wheaten bread in Annandale; he had also a confirmation of the last-named territory from William the Lion, dated at Lochmaben, circa 1166. Brus married a lady whose Christian name was Euphemia. He died in 1194, leaving issue at least two sons: 1. Robert, married in 1183 Isabel, natural daughter of King William the Lion by the daughter of Robert Avenel. He died before his father in 1191, in which year his widow married Robert de Ros. 2. WILLIAM WILLIAM DE BRUS succeeded his father in Annandale about 1194. His wife's name was Christina, who survived him and married, after his death in 1215, Patrick, Earl of Dunbar, as his second wife. He had issue: 1. ROBERT. 2. William. 3. John ROBERT DE BRUS, surnamed 'the noble,' was one of 'magnates Scotie' who witnessed the marriage of King Alexander II with Johanna, sister of Henry III, at York. He married Isabel, second daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of King Malcolm IV and King William; it was through this marriage that the succession to the Crown of Scotland came into the family of Bruce. Isabel became, in 1237, one of the co-heirs of her only surviving brother, John le Scot, in the earldom of Chester; but as this possession was seized by King Henry III, she was granted by him the manors of Hertfield and Wrettle, in Essex, and it was at a residence in the former parish that Brus and his wife chiefly resided. The former died 1245, and the latter, who was born 1206, died circa 1251. They were both buried at Saltre Abbey, near Stilton. They had issue: 1. ROBERT, 'the Competitor.' 2. Beatrice, who in 1221 was the wife of Hugo de Neville. ROBERT DE BRUS was born in 1210, and at the Convention at Roxburgh in 1255 he was appointed one of the Counsellors and Guardians to the King. He served on the side of King Henry III in the wars of the Barons, and after the battle of Evesham was appointed Governor of Carlisle Castle and Sheriff of Cumberland. After the death of King Alexander III in 1286, the Maid of Norway was, in default of heirs-male, proclaimed at Scone as Reine Heretiere and successor to her grandfather, she being then three years of age. Robert de Brus, however, assembled his friends and relations at Turnberry Castle, 20 September 1286, and set forth his claims to the Crown, saying that he could prove by witnesses then living that King Alexander III of Scotland, when childless, had declared him heir-presumptive to the Crown; that a female was incompetent to reign, and that his cousin, Devorgilla, the daughter of Margaret, the eldest daughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon, the common ancestor of many of the claimants, should be set aside in favour of himself, the son of Margaret's immediate younger sister, Isabella. This claim, however, was temporarily suspended, owing to the recognition of the Maid of Norway but in 1290, on the death of that Princess, Brus reasserted it, and took active steps towards having himself proclaimed King. This was stopped by the influence of Edward I, and ultimately Brus retired to his Castle of Lochmaben, and agreed that his claim should be tried along with those of the other Competitors by Edward as arbiter. After the award of the Crown to Baliol, Robert de Brus resigned to his son, Robert, Earl of Carrick, all his claim to the Kingdom of Scotland. This was on the morrow of St. Leonard, 5 November 1292. He was an old man by this time, and only lived a few years longer, dying before 3 May 1294. He married, first, in or before 1240, Isobel, second daughter of Gilbert de Clare, third Earl of Gloucester and Hereford. She was born 1226 and was only thirteen when married. By her, who was alive in 1284, he had issue: 1. ROBERT, who became Earl of Carrick 2. William, married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Raymond de Sully. 3. Sir Bernard of Connington and Exton, married, first, Alicia de Clare, and, secondly, Constance de Morleyn. 4. Richard, died before 26 January 1286-87, and his lands were repledged to Robert Brus, his father. Robert de Brus,'the Competitor,' married, secondly, before November 1275, Cristiana, daughter of Sir William de Ireby, and widow of Thomas Lascelles and of Adam de Gesemuth. She had no issue by her third husband, whom she survived, but was dead in September 1305. ROBERT BRUCE, eldest son of 'the Competitor,' married, as her second husband, Marjorie, eldest daughter and heiress of her father Neil, Earl of Carrick, and so became Earl of Carrick jure uxoris. Their meeting has been differently related by various authors, but the main features of the story are always the same. On Bruce's arrival at Turnberry to convey to the lady the news that her husband, Adam de Kilconquhar, had been slain at Acre, he met the child widow hawking with her attendants. Having delivered his message, he was preparing to take leave, when she ordered her retainers to take him a prisoner to her castle, where, after an honorable captivity of a few days, they were married. These hasty and unauthorized espousals were nominally disapproved by the King, and a fine imposed. But as she could hardly have chosen a more unexceptionable husband, the pair were soon received into royal favour. The Countess Marjorie died in 1292, and Bruce, refusing to do homage to Baliol, handed over the earldom to his son (afterwards Robert I), and retired to Norway with his daughter Isabella for a time. On his father's death in 1294 he returned to England and had livery of his father's lands there and was appointed Governor of the Castle of Carlisle. He was summoned to the English Parliament as a baron (Lord Bruce) on 24 June 1295. He and his son Robert swore fealty to Edward 28 August 1296. He accompanied that monarch in his expedition to Scotland against Baliol in 1296, but claims to the throne being scouted by Edward, he again retired to England, residing chiefly at Broomeshoobury. He died shortly before 4 April 1304 and was buried at Holm Oultram. He had married as a second wife Alianora who is mentioned as his widow in 1305, and she married, in 1306, Richard de Waleys. By the Countess Marjorie he had issue: 1. ROBERT, afterwards King Robert I 2. Edward, of whom hereafter 3. Thomas, was wounded and taken prisoner by Sir Dougal MacDowal at Lochryan, and was brought by him to Carlisle Castle, where he was executed by order of King Edward I. 1306-7. 4. Alexander, suffered the same fate at the same time as his brother. It is said he was a learned man, had been educated at Cambridge, and was Dean of Glasgow. 5. Sir Nigel, sometimes called Neil, described as miles pulcherrime juventutis. After holding the Castle of Kildrummie for his brother, along with the Earl of Atholl, the fortress was set on fire, and he was compelled to surrender in September 1306. He was taken to Berwick, and there executed. 6. Isabel. She is generally said to have married Sir Thomas Randolph of Strathdon, Great Chamberlain to Alexander III and to have...
   Page: Copied from another source…. Identifies Robert de Brus, as a Norman knight, and husband of Emma, daughter of Allan, Earl of Brittany; AND the father of Adelm (Adam)de Brus who died in 1080.
   
4. Title: Descendants of Robert De Brus(England) or Brus(Normandy)
   Publication: Name: http://washington.ancestryregister.com/BRUS00006.htm;
   
5. Title: Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Brus,_1st_Lord_of_Annandale;
   Note: Copied… As Robert's first son, Adam, gave, witnessed by his second son Robert II, churches founded by an Adam de Bruis, in the fief of Brix, Normandy, to the abbey of Saint Saviour le Vicomte, on the death of their father; whose grant was later confirmed by a Peter, son of William the forester de Bruis, assumed the nephew, and younger brother of Robert I, respectively, through claiming Adam, 2nd Lord of Skelton, as their kinsman, and overlord
   
6. Title: The Family Volume I(Page 110)
   Publication: Name: https://electricscotland.com/webclans/minibios/c/FAMILY_BOOK_VolI.pdf;
   
7. Title: Origins of de Brus / Bruce - Pickerings of Yorkshire
   Publication: Name: http://www.pickeringsofyorkshire.com/related-families/medieval/de-brus;
   Note: Copied… As seen in Origins, it is not known where the family that took the name de Brus and later Bruce came from, but there is little doubt that their origins were Scandinavian, and more particularly Norwegian. There is no documentary evidence of a direct descent from the Earls of Orkney nor of their arrival in Normandy with one of the waves of Scandinavian settlement. The fact that the first Robert de Brus was lord of the important fief of Brix on the Cotentin peninsula, from which he took his name, has led some historians to suggest that the de Bruses were a junior branch of the Dukes of Normandy, thus guaranteeing their loyalty. Owing to the lack of reliable evidence, there is some doubt as to whether Robert and his son Adelme accompanied William II of Normandy to England (see Brix), or whether it was Robert’s grandson who was the first to set foot on English soil following the battle of Tinchebray. The rest of the family, including Robert’s other sons, remained in Normandy, founding a separate branch whose name evolved with that of the town where they had originally settled, so that the French branch is now called de Brix and the British branch has been anglicised to Bruce. Documentary evidence abounds regarding Adelme’s son, known in Britain as Robert I de Brus, a staunch follower of King William’s son, Henry I. He had either already been given or been promised lands in England for his contribution to the young king’s victory over his brother at Tinchebray in 1106. This would account for the late appearance of Rober de Bruis as landholder in the Domesday Book, some thirty years after its original issue in 1086. Not only did he receive vast lands in England, but also in Scotland, becoming joint Lord of Skelton in Yorkshire and Annandale in Dumfriesshire. These lordships were divided between his elder sons Adam I and Robert II and, notably after the battle of the Standard where they fought on opposing sides, the two branches of the family gradually went their different ways, adopting different coats of arms. By the early years of the 12th century Robert I Brus had been granted lands in Eskdale and established his first caput at Castleton. Sometime before 1119 he received the manor and strategically situated castle of Skelton, to which his caput was later transferred. In 1124 he was granted lands in Annandale including Annan castle, which the de Bruses used as a base before flooding compelled them to move to the higher ground offered by Lochmaben, where they built a stronghold. These holdings are just early examples of the vast estate that the de Bruses were to accumulate in England and Scotland by the mid 13th century.
   
8. Title: Brix, Manche From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brix,_Manche;
   Note: Copied… Brix (French pronunciation: ​[bʁi]) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in northwestern France. History The origin of the name Brix derives from the Gaulish suffix brut-.[3] Brix is known primarily as being the assumed origin of the Bruce family, who emigrated to Britain in the Middle Ages, settling in northern England and then southern Scotland. The family became a royal house with the accession of Robert the Bruce in 1306. The ruins of the castle of Brix are located near the village.