Alain de Poher

• Preferred Name: Alain de Poher^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]}
  
• Alternate Name: Alain De Bretagne ;The Young
  
• Alternate Name: Alan Earl of of Bretagne
  
• Alternate Name: Alain De Brittany
  
• Alternate Name: Alain of Brittany
  
• Alternate Name: Alain De Bretagne
  
• Alternate Name: Alain of Brittany
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: in Collégiale de Nantes, Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France at LATI: N7.2197 LONG: E1.5543 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• The+only+known+son+of+Guerech,+Duke+of+Brittany,+and+Aremberg.: with note: Wikiwand: Alan, Count of Nantes (988–90)
  
• never+married: with note: Wikiwand: List of rulers of Brittany
  
• FSID: M3J7-FVM
  
• Ruling+House:+House+of+Nantes: with note: Wikiwand: Alan, Count of Nantes (988–90)
  
• Exilé+en+Angleterre: with note: http://racineshistoire.free.fr/LGN/PDF/Roubaix.pdf
  
• He+succeeded+his+father+as+Count+of+Nantes+and+perhaps+nominal+Duke+of+Brittany,+: 988 with note: Description: after his father was murdered by Count Conan I of Rennes. Wikiwand: Alan, Count of Nantes (988–90
  
• With+his+mother+he+founded+the+castle+of+Ancenis,+according+to+the+Chronicle+of+Nantes.: around 987 with note: Wikiwand: Alan, Count of Nantes (988–90)
  
• Death: 27 JUN 952 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France at LATI: N7.2197 LONG: E1.5543
  
• Birth: 910 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France at LATI: N7.2197 LONG: E1.5543 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Alan II (c. 900-952), nicknamed Wrybeard or Twistedbeard, Alan Varvek in Breton, was Count of Vannes, Poher, and Nantes, and Duke of Brittany from 938 to his death. He was the grandson of King Alan the Great by Alan's daughter and her husband Mathuedoï I, Count of Poher. He expelled the Vikings from Brittany after an occupation that lasted from 907 to about 939.
  
  «b»The Vikings«/b»
  He had to take refuge, along with his father Mathuedoi I, with the English king, Edward the Elder, because the Norsemen had invaded Armorica. The Chronicle of Nantes reports:
  
  "... Among the nobles who fled for fear for the Danes, Mathuedoi, the count of Poher, put to sea with a great multitude of Bretons, and went to Athelstan, king of the English, taking with him his son, called Alan, who was afterwards surnamed "Crooked Beard". He had had this Alan by the daughter of Alan the Great, duke of the Bretons, and the same Athelstan, king of England, had lifted him from the holy font. This king had great trust in him because of this friendship and the alliance of this baptism."
  
  Alan became ruler of Brittany at the end of a 33-year interregnum after the death of his maternal grandfather, Duke Alan the Great. He landed at Dol in 936, at the invitation of the monk Jean de Landévennec and with the aid of Edward's successor, Athelstan the Glorious. By 937 he was master of most of Brittany, having forced the Vikings back to the Loire.
  
  "... The city of Nantes remained for many years deserted, devastated and overgrown with briars and thorns, until Alan Crooked Beard, grandson of Alan the Great, arose and cast out those Normans from the whole region of Brittany and from the river Loire, which was a great support for them. This Alan was brought up from infancy with Athelstan, king of the English, and was strong in body and very courageous, and did not care to kill wild boars and bears in the forest with an iron weapon, but with a wooden staff. He collected a few ships and came by the king's permission with those Bretons who were still living there, to revisit Brittany."
  
  In 938, he was elected Brittonum dux. On 1 August 939, with the aid of Judicael (Berengar), count of Rennes, and Hugh I, count of Maine, his victory was made complete by defeating the Norse at Trans. Alan declared that date a national holiday.
  
  «b»Louis IV of France and other alliances«/b»
  Alan II was closely allied with King Louis IV of France, for both had been exiles in England at the same time at the court of Edward the Elder and Edward's son and successor Æthelstan. Alan renounced the Cotentin, Avranchin, and Mayenne and paid homage to Louis IV in 942. He was also allied to Theobald the Old, the count of Chartres.
  
  «b»Family«/b»
  Alan II was the grandson of Alan I, King of Brittany and the great-grandson of Ridoreth, Count of Vannes. He was the grand-nephew of Pascweten.
  
  His wife was Adelaide of Blois, the sister of Theobald I, Count of Blois. Their son, and Alan's immediate successor, was Drogo, Duke of Brittany.
  
  He also had at least two illegitimate sons, Hoel and Guerech, who would each succeed Drogo during the fractured rule of Brittany after Drogo's death.
  
  «b»Death«/b»
  He died and was buried in his capital, Nantes, in the church which he constructed to honor the Virgin Mary for his victory in liberating Nantes, initially known as la Chapelle de la Tres Sainte Mere de Dieu now known as the Basilique Notre Dame in the parish of St Therese in Nantes. He was succeeded by his son Drogo.
  
  Also known as "Barbe-torte", "Alain de Nantes", "Alain de Poher", "Alain II "Fretaldus", "Wrybeard" Bretagne aka de Poher"
  
  === Notas ===
  Notas
  
  5º Conde de Nantes, que fugiu da Bretanha para Leão, sendo possívelmente o fundador do mosteiro de São Salvador de Castro de Avelãs. Casado com uma filha do Conde Odoarius, possivelmente também relacionado com a fundação do mesmo mosteiro.
  
  === !#552-v2-t75; ===
  !#552-v2-t75;
  
  === Alain II ===
  Ele era filho do conde Mathedoi von Poher e sua mãe era filha do príncipe bretão Alain I, o Grande († 907). Ele e seu pai tiveram que fugir para a ilha britânica em 919 antes da invasão da Bretanha pelos normandos do Loire , onde ele se tornou amigo do rei anglo-saxão Æthelstan , que também era seu padrinho. [1] Por volta do ano 931, Alain usou a morte de Rollo para liderar um levante contra o domínio normando na Bretanha junto com o conde Judicaël Berengar von Rennes . No entanto, este foi derrubado por Wilhelm Langschwert , ao que Alain teve que fugir novamente para a Inglaterra. [2]O rei Rodolfo concedeu aos normandos a costa da Bretanha em 933, o que provavelmente significava Cotentin e Avranchin , que estavam em posse da Bretanha desde os dias do rei Salomão (867). [3] Com o apoio militar do rei Æthelstan, Alain retornou à Bretanha em 937 e, desta vez, expulsou com sucesso e permanentemente os normandos de Nantes . [4] Nos anos seguintes, ele continuou a luta contra os normandos e obteve uma vitória decisiva na batalha de agosto de 1939 Trans-la-Forêt , após a qual a ameaça normanda à Bretanha. [5]
  
  A partir de então, Alain Schiefbart ocupou a posição de primeiro príncipe dos bretões como dux com a capital Nantes, embora isso tenha sido contestado pelos Condes de Rennes . Ele é, portanto, considerado o verdadeiro fundador do alto ducado bretão medieval, que, no entanto, não foi muito consolidado devido a uma ordem social fortemente feudalizada. Por meio de seus casamentos, ele também abriu o país à influência dos vizinhos Condes francos de Anjou e Blois, que determinaram o destino do país até o século XII.
  
  Alain II casou-se no primeiro casamento com Roscille, filha do Conde Fulko I, o Vermelho de Anjou . Seu filho era Drogo , que mais tarde foi assassinado. Em seu segundo casamento, ele se casou com uma filha do vice-conde Theobald, o velho de Blois, com quem não teve filhos. No entanto, ele teve dois filhos ilegítimos, Hoël I. e Guérech .

1. Guerech Ier de Nantes, b. 933 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, França     d. 988 in Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, França
2. Hoel de Nantes, b. 930 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France     d. 981 in Anjou, Pays de la Loire, Dukedom of France, West Francia

1. Title: Wikiwand: Château d'Ancenis
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Ancenis;
   Note: The Château d'Ancenis is a castle in the town and commune of Ancenis in the Loire-Atlantique département of France. The castle is on the bank of the Loire. History The original castle was built in 990 by Aremburga of Ancenis, widow of Guerech, Duke of Brittany, as a motte-and-bailey castle. (A plaque on the castle names Guerech as the constructor, in 984. This is not supported in any documentary sources.) It had simple defences including a moat and a palisade with an enclosure to shelter the population. Owing to its location, it rapidly developed as an ideal place for surveillance of the river, exercising military and economic control. In 1411, the lord and lady of Ancenis were ordered by the authorities to cease detaining boats that passed the castle and extracting punitive tolls on their cargoes. Its strategic position meant that it was subjected to several sieges between the 12th and 16th centuries, by the English kings Henry II and John, the French kings Louis IX, Louis XI and François II, Charles, Duke of Brittany and, on the orders of King Charles VIII, Louis de la Trémoille. Charles VIII ordered the demolition of the castle. In 1488, he wrote to de la Trémoille and his lieutenants forbidding them to allow their workers any holiday until the demolition was complete. Excavations in the 1950s discovered cannon balls as evidence of the sieges of the castle. From the 17th century, the military role of the castle dwindled. It was dismantled by order of Richelieu in 1626. Sections of curtain walls and towers were disfigured or removed. The moats were filled with the construction of wharves in 1840 and the establishment of an Ursuline boarding school in 1850, continued the damage. Description The gatehouse, built at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 16th century, has a unique defensive device: a drawbridge arranged in a chicane and a crooked arched gallery with a portcullis. The Renaissance home, a residential project started by Claude 1 de Rieux and his wife Suzanne de Bourbon, was built around 1529. Its facade, on the courtyard side, has decor of the first Renaissance, while the structure of the house remains Gothic. Preservation It has been listed since 1977 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. This protection concerns the entirety of the fortifications, as well as the façades and roof of the buildings (Renaissance house, former chapel and a dwelling called "logis de Marie Fouquet"). It became the property of the town in 1986. In the 1990s, work was undertaken to demolish the 19th century chapel and the 1960s school building and to restore the gatehouse. Between 2013 and 2015, the Renaissance house was repaired, with the structure strengthened and entrances reopened.
   
2. Title: Wikipedia
   Publication: Name: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_de_Bretagne;
   
3. Title: Ancestry Family Trees
   Author: Ancestry Family Tree
   
4. Title: British Library: Histoire d'Ancenis et de ses barons
   Publication: Name: http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?cs=frb&doc=BLL01002346623&dscnt=1&scp.scps=scope:(BLCONTENT)&frbg=&tab=local_tab&srt=rank&ct=search&mode=Basic&dum=true&tb=t&indx=1&vl(freeText0)=002346623&fn=search&vid=BLVU1;
   Note: Histoire d'Ancenis et de ses barons. Em MAILLARD Nantes, 1860.
   
5. Title: Wikiwand: Duchy of Brittany
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Duchy_of_Brittany;
   Note: The Duchy of Brittany (Breton: Dugelezh Breizh, French: Duché de Bretagne) was a medieval feudal state that existed between approximately 939 and 1547. Its territory covered the northwestern peninsula of Europe, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, the English Channel to the north. It was less definitively bordered by the Loire River to the south, and Normandy and other French provinces to the east. The Duchy was established after the expulsion of Viking armies from the region around 939. The Duchy, in the 10th and 11th centuries, was politically unstable, with the dukes holding only limited power outside their own personal lands. The Duchy had mixed relationships with the neighbouring Duchy of Normandy, sometimes allying itself with Normandy, and at other times, such as the Breton-Norman War, entering into open conflict. Henry II of England invaded Brittany in the mid-12th century and became Count of Nantes in 1158 under a treaty with Duke Conan IV. Henry's son, Geoffrey, became Duke through his marriage to Constance, the hereditary Duchess. The Angevins remained in control until the collapse of their empire in northern France in 1204. The French Crown maintained its influence over the Duchy for the rest of the 13th century. Monastic orders supported by the Breton aristocracy spread across the Duchy in the 11th and 12th centuries, and in the 13th, the first of the mendicant orders established themselves in Brittany's major towns. Civil war broke out in the 14th century, as rival claimants for the Duchy vied for power during the Breton War of Succession, with different factions supported by England and France. The independent sovereign nature of the Duchy began to come to an end upon the death of Francis II in 1488. The Duchy was inherited by his daughter, Anne, but King Charles VIII of France had her existing marriage annulled and then married her himself. As a result, the King of France acquired the title of Duke of Brittany - jure uxoris. The Ducal crown became united with the French crown in 1532 through a vote of the Estates of Brittany, after the death of Queen Claude of France, the last sovereign duchess. Her sons Francis III, Duke of Brittany and then Henry II of France would in any case have created a personal union on the death of their father. Following the French Revolution, and as a result of the various republican forms of French government since 1792, the duchy was replaced by the French system of départements (or Departments) which continues under the Fifth Republic of France. In modern times the departments have also joined into administrative regions[c] although the administrative region of Brittany does not encompass the entirety of the medieval duchy. Background Origins Main articles: Kingdom of Brittany and List of rulers of Brittany Brittany in the 9th century The Duchy of Brittany that emerged in the early 10th century was influenced by several earlier polities. Prior to the expansion of the Roman Empire into the region, Gallic tribes had occupied the Armorican peninsula, dividing it into five regions that then formed the basis for the Roman administration of the area, and which survived into the period of the Duchy. These Gallic tribes – termed the Armorici in Latin – had close relationships with the Britonnes tribes in Roman Britain. Between the late 4th and the early 7th centuries, many of these Britonnes migrated to the Armorican peninsula, blending with the local people to form the later Britons, who eventually became the Bretons. The reasons for these migrations remain uncertain. These migrations from Britain contributed to Brittany's name. Brittany fragmented into small, warring regna, kingdoms, each competing for resources. The Frankish Carolingian Empire conquered the region during the 8th century, starting around 748 taking the whole of Brittany by 799. The Carolingians tried to create a unitary administration around the centres of Rennes, Nantes, and Vannes using the local rulers, but the kings of Brittany's hold on the region remained tenuous. Carolingian technology and culture began to influence Brittany, and the church in Brittany also began to emulate the Frankish model. The greatest influence on the later Duchy, however, was the formation of a unitary Brittany kingdom in the 9th century. In 831 Louis the Pious appointed Nominoe, the Count of Vannes, ruler of the Bretons, imperial missus, at Ingelheim in 831. After the death of Louis in 840, Nominoe rose to challenge the new emperor, Charles the Bald, emboldened in part by new Viking raids on the empire. Charles the Bald created the Marches of Neustria to defend Western Francia from the Bretons and the Vikings. Erispoe fought Charles the Bald, who felt that a quick attack would successfully challenge the new Breton leader. Erispoe won a victory at the Battle of Jengland and, under their Treaty of Angers in 851, Brittany's independence was secured. Franco-Breton wars The new kingdom proved fragile and collapsed under Viking attack. In 853 the Viking Godfried left the Seine with his fleet, sailed around the Breton peninsula and sacked Nantes. Erispoe entered into an alliance with the leader of another Viking fleet, Sidroc, who betrayed him, resulting in Erispoe's defeat at the hands of the Vikings. A weakened Erispoe ruled until 857 when he was assassinated and then followed as Breton ruler by his cousin and rival, Salomon, the Count of Rennes and Nantes. Viking raids continued. Alan I successfully defeated one wave of Vikings around 900, expanding the kingdom to include not only the Breton territories of Léon, Domnonée, Cornouaille, and the Vannetais, but also the Frankish counties of Rennes, Nantes, Coutances, and Avranches, as well as the western parts of Poitou and Anjou.[citation needed] Alan I's military success resulted in a period of peace from Viking invasions and few raids from the Vikings were recorded from 900 through to 907. After Alan I's death in 907, Brittany was overrun once again by Vikings. Fulk the Red, Count of Anjou, is said to have occupied Nantes from 907 to 919 when he abandoned it to the invading Vikings. In 919, the great Viking fleet of Rognvaldr landed in Nantes, quickly coming to dominate the region. This invasion accelerated the exodus of Bretons, including that of the machtierns, "the local hereditary officers upon whom the civil administration depended." Among the refugees were Mathedoi, the Count of Poher, and his son Alan Barbetorte, the grandson of Alan I; they fled to England and lived in exile in the courts of Edward the Elder and Edward's son and successor Æthelstan. The Viking occupation of Brittany lasted until about 936. Little recorded history of this period is available until Alan Barbetorte returned in 937 to expel the Vikings and reestablish a version of the former Carolingian kingdom. History Main article: History of Brittany 10th century The Duchy of Brittany emerged after Alan Barbetorte's return to the region from England in 936. Barbetorte claimed the titles of the Count of Cornoualle and Nantes and, as Alan II, reigned as the new Brittonum dux. Using a network of small, defended towns and monastic sites, Alan pushed back the Viking advances. On 1 August 939, with the aid of Judicael Berengar, Count of Rennes, and Hugh I, Count of Maine, he defeated the Vikings in the Battle of Trans-la-Forêt, completing their expulsion from Brittany. Alan's duchy was smaller than the previous Kingdom of Brittany, as, despite gaining Magues and Tiffauges in the south, the dukes no longer ruled over the regions of Cotentin, Avranchin, and Mayenne. Alan paid homage to Louis IV of France for Brittany in 942. Despite some older Celtic influences, the new duchy was in many ways similar to the other, post-Carolingian states forming across the region.[8] Over the coming decades, a network of powerful local lords emerged across Brittany, occupying motte and bailey castles and owing a loose feudal loyalty to the duke. The east of Brittany was the first to change, but the practices spread over the next fifty years to the more remote regions of the north- and south-west. Alan II was also allied to Theobald I of Blois, the count of Chartres. Alan II had married Theobald's sister, Adelaide, giving Theobald influence all the way to Rennes. However Alan II's death left a void in Brittany leaving it vulnerable to encroachment by either the Normans or the Angevins. In turn the recently widowed Fulk II, Count of Anjou, Theobald's ally, married Alan II's widow. Upon his death, Alan II was succeeded by his son Drogo. Drogo's rule set the precedent for the role of a regent during the minority of a ducal heir. Throughout his reign, Drogo was under the shared regency of his uncle the Count of Blois, Theobald I (who entrusted the administration of the duchy to Wicohen, Archbishop of Dol, and the Count of Rennes Juhel Berengar as administrators), and his stepfather, the Fulk II, Count of Anjou. Under Drogo, the duchy continued to experience political instability and he was unable to sustain his line. Drogo died in 958. Two of Alan II's illegitimate sons, Hoël and Guerich, attempted to act as Counts of Nantes and preserve their claim to duchy but were eventually unsuccessful. In 990 Juhel Berengar's son Conan I, the grandson of Pascweten, became Duke and the title passed to the House of Rennes. Conan I ruled for only two years and died fighting against his brother-in-law Fulk III, Count of Anjou at the Battle of Conquereuil on 27 June 992. He was succeeded by his oldest son Geoffrey I. Blois threatened Conan's succession. Duke Geoffrey I, a member of the House of Nantes, entered into a dynastic alliance with Richard II, Duke of Normandy in a diplomatic double marriage between the two houses. The church-sanctioned marriage ceremonies were held at Mont Saint-Michel. Geoffrey I married Hawise of Normandy, Richard II's sister; and Richard II married Judith of Brittany, Geoffrey I's sister and Conan..
   
6. Title: Wikipedia: Alain II de Bretagne
   Author: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_II,_Duke_of_Brittany https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Barbetorte
   Publication: Name: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Barbetorte;
   
7. Title: Wikiwand: Alan, Count of Nantes (988–90)
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Alan,_Count_of_Nantes_(988%E2%80%9390);
   Note: Alan (sometimes Alan II of Brittany or Alan III of Nantes) (born after 981, died 990) was the only known son of Guerech, Duke of Brittany, and Aremberg. With his mother he founded the castle of Ancenis around 987, according to the Chronicle of Nantes. In 988, he succeeded his father as Count of Nantes and perhaps nominal Duke of Brittany, after his father was murdered by Count Conan I of Rennes. The following two years were marked by endless warfare between Rennes and Nantes. In 990, Alan died, either of an illness or else killed by Conan, who took Nantes and had himself proclaimed Duke of Brittany by the bishop of Nantes, Orscand de Vannes.
   
8. Title: Alain Barbetorte de Bretagne, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGR-8S13 : 15 June 2022), Alain Barbetorte de Bretagne, ; Burial, Nantes, Departement de la Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France, Église royale et collégiale de Notre-Dame; citing record ID 133434391, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGR-8S13;
   
9. Title: Foundation for Medieval Geneaology: ALAIN (in Brittany [before 919]-952)
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#AlainIIdied952;
   Note: ALAIN de Poher, son of MATHEDOI [Matuedo] Comte de Poher & his wife --- de Bretagne (in Brittany [before 919]-952, bur Church of St Donatian and St Rogatian). His parentage is confirmed by the Chronicle of Nantes which records that "Mathuedoi comes de Poher" fled "ad regem Anglorum Adelstanum" with "filium suum…Alanum." Taken to England by his father, he was baptised there, with Æthelstan King of Wessex acting as his godfather. As King Æthelstan succeeded to the throne in 924, it is likely that this baptism took place when Alain was already past infancy. It is probable that Alain was not younger than 15 years old, at the youngest, when he took part in the 931 uprising against the Danes in Brittany. If this is correct, he must have been born several years before his father's escape to England. He took part in a disastrous uprising against the Danes in Brittany in 931, and fled to England again. With the help of King Æthelstan, he re-established himself as Comte de Vannes et de Nantes in 936, in effect succeeding as ALAIN II "Barbetorte" Duke of Brittany. Borderie dates the start of Duke Alain´s reign to 938. The Chronicon Floriacensi records the death in 952 of "Ugo Dux Burgundionum et Alanus Brittonum." The Chronicle of Nantes records the death of "Alanus dux" and his burial "apud ecclesiam Sanctorum Donatiani et Rogatiani." m firstly (943) ROSCILLE d'Anjou, daughter of FOULQUES I "le Roux" Comte d'Anjou & his wife Roscille [de Loches] (-[943/49]). A document, allegedly from a "Registre conservé à la Tour de Londres, composé par ordre de Foulque IV," records that "Comes Fulco et Tescendis comitissa" [presumably referring to Comte Foulques I and his wife Roscille] had "tres filios…et Roscillam Alani comitis dicti de Barbatorta uxorem," although this text does not form part of the surviving fragmentary history of the counts of Anjou which is attributed to Foulque IV "Réchin" Comte d´Anjou. m secondly (before [949/51]) as her first husband, --- de Blois, daughter of THIBAUT "l'Ancien" Comte de Blois & his [second wife Richilde ---]. The Chronicle of Nantes records the marriage of "Alanus dux" and "Theobaldum comitem Blesensem…sorore sua." Although no date is known for this second marriage of Duke Alain, it is likely that his first wife died in 949 at the latest given the birth of his son by his second marriage and his own death in 952. Duke Alain's second wife married secondly, as his second wife, Foulques II Comte d'Anjou. The Chronicle of Nantes records the marriage of "Theobaldus comes Blesensis…sororem suam relictam Alani Barbætortæ ducis" and "Fulconi comiti Andegavensi." Mistress (1): JUDITH, daughter of --- (-after 952). The Chronicle of Nantes names "Alani Barbætortæ filios…Hoel et Guerech…progeniti ex nobili matre…Judith" when recording that they were installed as counts of Nantes. It is assumed that Judith married after the death of Duke Alain, as the Chronicle of Nantes names "le Vicomte Hamon," stating that he mourned the loss of "ses frères Hoel et Guerech" and sought the support of Foulques "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou to avenge their deaths, then being "jouvenceau de l'aage de vingt ans." As he was so much younger than his brothers, it is assumed that Duke Alain could not have been his father. Hamon was killed 27 Jun 992 at the battle of Conquereuil, dated "992 V Kal Jul" in the Chronicon britannicum. Duke Alain II & his second wife had one child: 1. DREUX [Drogo] ([949/52]-Angers [958]). The Chronicle of Nantes names "filio suo parvulo Drogoni ex muliere sua" when recording that his father on his deathbed required oaths of loyalty from his vassals in the presence of "suoque sororio Theubaldo, filii sui prædicti avunculo." This wording suggests that Dreux’s mother was his father’s wife who was living at his death. He succeeded his father in 952 as DREUX Duke of Brittany, under the guardianship of his maternal uncle Thibaut "le Tricheur" Comte de Blois, Vicomte de Tours who came to dominate Brittany. The Chronicle of Nantes records that "Drogo infans" was killed in his bath through the machinations of his stepfather. Duke Alain II had two illegitimate sons by Mistress (1): 2. HOËL (-killed [981]). The Chronicle of Nantes names "Alani Barbætortæ filios…Hoel et Guerech…progeniti ex nobili matre…Judith" when recording that they were installed as counts of Nantes. "…Houuel comes, Vuerec…" subscribed an undated charter of "Alanus dux Britonum." Comte de Nantes. The Chronicle of Nantes records that Hoël was killed by "Conano filio Judicael Berengarii Redonensi comite." The Annals of St Salvator Redon record that "Hoel, Namnetensis comes, Conani dolo interemptus" was buried at the abbey of Redon. Mistress (1): ---. The name of Hoël's mistress is not known. Comte Hoël had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1): a) JUDICAËL ([978/80]-1005). The Chronicle of Nantes names "Judicael et Hoel" as the sons of Hoël "d'une concubine" stating that they were brought up by their paternal grandmother. Comte de Nantes. - COMTES de NANTES. b) HOËL . The Chronicle of Nantes names "Judicael et Hoel" as the sons of Hoël "d'une concubine" stating that they were brought up by their paternal grandmother. 3. GUEREC [Vuerech] (-[990], bur Redon). The Chronicle of Nantes names "Alani Barbætortæ filios…Hoel et Guerech…progeniti ex nobili matre…Judith" when recording that they were installed as counts of Nantes. "…Houuel comes, Vuerec…" subscribed an undated charter of "Alanus dux Britonum." He refused to be consecrated Bishop of Nantes in 981. The Chronicle of Nantes records that Guerec was captured by Conan comte de Rennes and poisoned. m (after 981) AREMBURGIS, daughter of ---. The Chronicle of Nantes names "Aremburgis" as wife of Guerec and "Alanum filium suum," stating that she built "castrum Anvenisii." Guerec & his wife had one child: a) ALAIN (-[990]). The Chronicle of Nantes names "Aremburgis" as wife of Guerec and "Alanum filium suum." The Chronicle of Nantes records that Alain died soon after his father from illness.
   
10. Title: Foundation for Medieval Geneaology: ALAIN (-[990])
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#_ftnref112;
    Note: ALAIN (-[990]). The Chronicle of Nantes names "Aremburgis" as wife of Guerec and "Alanum filium suum." The Chronicle of Nantes records that Alain died soon after his father from illness.
    
11. Title: Wikiwand: List of rulers of Brittany
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/List_of_rulers_of_Brittany;
    Note: This is a list of rulers of the Duchy of Brittany. In different epochs the sovereigns of Brittany were kings, princes, and dukes. The Breton ruler was sometimes elected, sometimes attained the position by conquest or intrigue, or by hereditary right. Hereditary dukes were sometimes a female ruler, carrying the title duchesse of Brittany. Its principal cities and regions were ruled by counts who often found themselves in conflict with the Breton ruler, or who became the Breton ruler. During the declining years of the Roman Empire, the earliest Breton rulers in Gaul were styled "kings" of the small realms of Cornouaille and Domnonia. Some such kings may have had a form of hegemony over all of the Brythonic populations in the Armorican peninsula, and Riothamus is called King of the Britons by the chronicler Jordanes. However, there are no certain rulers of the whole of Brittany, which was divided into the fiefdoms of local counts. The Duchy of Brittany had its origins in the Battle of Trans-la-Forêt of 939, which established the river Couesnon as the boundary between Brittany and Normandy.[1] In 942, Alan II paid homage to Louis IV of France, however the duchy did not gain royal attention until 1123, when Louis VI of France confirmed the bishop of Nantes.[2] No other Duke of Brittany repeated Alan II's homage until Arthur I recognised Philip II of France as his liege in 1202.[3] The area was often called a Duchy, and its rulers were considered independent Sovereign Dukes. However one historical view is that before the middle of the 12th century the Dukes of Brittany were often also called Counts by the Kings of France, as the kingdom of France then saw Brittany as no more than a county.[citation needed] In 1297, the peninsula was elevated into a Duchy in the peerage of France.[4] This view is not consistent with the manner in which Charles VIII of France and then Louis XII of France approached the Duchy and the rights of Anne of Brittany who married each in succession. Early Breton rulers Conan Meriadoc (4th century) - by tradition, the founder of Brittany Budic II (early 6th century) Waroch II (late 6th century) Saint Judicaël (early 7th century) Alain II Hir (c.640?-690) Morman (r. 814–818) Wihomarc (r. 822–825) Dukes of Brittany Dukes under the Carolingians Nominoe (or Nevenoe) (r.841–851), as a missus dominicus of the Emperor Louis the Pious,[5] a count of Vannes (Gwened) and arguably a duke (dux) of Brittany Erispoe (r.851–857), as a duke, then as a king Salomon (or Salaun) (r.857–874), as a duke, then a king Pasquitan (or Paskweten) (r.874–877), ruling Brittany (southern part) with Gurvand Gurvand (r.874–877), ruling Brittany (northern part) with Pasquitan Judicael (r.877–888), successor of Gurvand, ruled Brittany (north) with Alan the Great (south) Alan the Great (reigned from 877 to 888 with Judicaël, alone as a duke, then as a king up to 907) Gourmaëlon, Count of Cornouaille (reigned from 907 as a guardian of the kingdom) The succession was interrupted by the Viking occupation (907–937) House of Nantes Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Alan II the Fox (Alan al Louarn) 938–952 c. before 919 son of Mathuedoi, Count of Poher, and a daughter of Alan I (1) Roscille of Anjou 943 (2) ? of Blois bef. 949/51 one son c. 952 Nantes aged 33+ Drogo (Drogon) 952–958 c. 949/52 only son of Alan II never married c. 958 Angers aged 5–9 Hoël I (Hoel Iañ ) 958–981 ? illegitimate son of Alan II and Judith never married c. 981 Guerech (Guerech Iañ) 981-988 ? illegitimate son of Alan II and Judith, younger brother of Hoël I married to Aremburga of Ancenis after 981 one son c. 988 Alan (Alan Breizh) 988-990 after 981 son of Guerech and Aremburga of Ancenis never married c. 990 House of Rennes Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Conan I (Konan Iañ) 990–992 c. 927 eldest son of Judicael Berengar, Count of Rennes and Gerberga Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou 973 five children 27 June 992 Conquereuil aged 64–65 Geoffrey I (Jafrez Iañ ) 992–1008 c. 980 eldest son of Conan I and Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou Hawise of Normandy 996 four children 20 November 1008 aged 27–28 Alan III (Alan III) 1008–1040 with Odo I (1008–1034) c. 997 eldest son of Geoffrey I and Hawise of Normandy Bertha of Blois 1018 two children 1 October 1040 Montgommery aged 42–43 Odo I (Eozen I) 1008–1034 with Alan III c. 999 second son of Geoffrey I and Hawise of Normandy Orguen of Cornouaille six children c. 1079 Cesson aged 79–80 Conan II (Konan II) 1040–1066 with Odo I as regent (1040–1057) c. 1033 only son of Alan III and Bertha of Blois never married 11 December 1066 Château-Gontier aged 32–33 Hawise (Hawiz) 1066–1072 with Hoël II c. 1037 only daughter of Alan III and Bertha of Blois 1066 seven children 19 August 1072 aged 34–35 Hoël II (Hoël II) 1066–1072 with Hawise c. 1031 eldest son of Alain Canhiart, Count of Cornouaille and Judith of Nantes 13 April 1084 aged 52–53 House of Cornouaille Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Alan IV the Younger (Alan IV Fergant ) 1072–1112 with Hoël II as regent (1072–1084) bef. 1060 eldest son of Hoël II and Hawise (1) Constance of Normandy 1086/88 no issues (2) Ermengarde of Anjou 1093 three children 13 October 1119 Redon Abbey aged 60s Conan III the Fat (Konan III) 1112–1148 c. 1093-1096 eldest son of Alan IV and Ermengarde of Anjou Maud FitzRoy 1112 three children 17 September 1148 aged 54–58 Bertha (Berta) 1148–1156 with Odo II c. 1114 eldest daughter of Conan III and Maud FitzRoy (1) Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond 1137/8 three children (2) Odo II 1148 three children c. 1156 aged 41–43 Odo II (Eozen II) 1148–1156 with Bertha ? eldest son of Geoffrey, Viscount of Porhoet and Hawise (1) Bertha 1148 three children (2) Joan-Eleanor of Léon August 1167 two or three children c. 1170 House of Penthièvre Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Conan IV the Black (Konan IV) 1156–1166 c. 1138 only son of Alan of Penthièvre, 1st Earl of Richmond and Bertha Margaret of Huntingdon 1160 one daughter 20 February 1171 aged 33 Constance (Konstanza) 1166–1201 with Geoffrey II (1181–1186) with Ranulf (1188–1199) with Guy (1199-1201) 12 June 1161 only daughter of Conan IV and Margaret of Huntingdon (1) Geoffrey II July 1181 three children (2) Ranulf 3 February 1188 no issue (3) Guy of Thouars October 1199 two or three daughters 5 September 1201 Nantes aged 40 Geoffrey II (Jafrez II) 1181–1186 with Constance 23 September 1158 fourth son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine Constance July 1181 three children 19 August 1186 Paris, France aged 27 Ranulf (Ranulf) 1188–1199 with Constance[6] c. 1172 Montgomeryshire, Powys, England only son of Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester and Bertrade de Montfort (1) Constance 3 February 1188 no issue (2) Clemence of Fougères bef. 7 October 1200 no issue 28 October 1232 Wallingford, Berkshire, England aged 59–60 Guy (Gi) 1199-1201 1203-1213 with Constance (1199-1201) with Alix (1203-1213) birth date unknown second son of Aimery IV of Thouars and Aénor of Lusignan (1) Constance October 1199 two or three daughters (2) Eustachie of Chemillé 1203 two sons 13 April 1213 Chemillé, France House of Plantagenet Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Arthur I (Arzhur Iañ) 1196–1203 with Constance (1196-1201) 29 March 1187 Nantes only son of Geoffrey II and Constance never married 3 April 1203 Rouen aged 16 Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, eldest daughter of Geoffrey and Constance and full elder sister of Arthur, also unmarried, was prevented from succession for her imprisonment in England which lasted till her death in 1241, thus was only a titular duchess until 1214 when King John of England ceased to support her claim. House of Thouars Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Alix (Alis) 1203-1221 with Guy as regent (1203-1213) with Peter I (1213–1221) 1200 eldest daughter of Guy and Constance Peter I 1213 three children 21 October 1221 aged 21 Peter I Mauclerc (Pêr Iañ) 1213–1221 with Alix c. 1190 second son of Robert II of Dreux and Yolanda de Coucy (1) Alix 1213 three children (2) Nicole c. 1230 one son (3) Marguerite de Commequiers bef. January 1236 no issues 6 July 1250 sea off Damietta aged 59–60 House of Dreux Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death John I the Red (Yann Iañ ar Ruz) 1221-1286 with Peter I as regent (1221–1237) c. 1217/18 eldest son of Peter I and Alix Blanche of Navarre Château-Thierry, Aisne 16 January 1236 eight children 8 October 1286 Château de l'Isle, Férel, Morbihan aged 67–69 John II (Yann II) 1286–1305 3/4 January 1239 eldest son of John I and Blanche of Navarre Beatrice of England Westminster Abbey, London 25 December 1260 eight children 16 November 1305 Lyon aged 66 Arthur II (Arzhur II) 1305–1312 2 July 1262 eldest son of John II and Beatrice of England (1) Marie of Limoges Tours 1277 three children (2) Yolande of Dreux May 1292 six children 27 August 1312 Château de l'Isle, Férel, Morbihan aged 50 John III the Good (Yann III) 1312–1341 8 March 1286 Château de Champtoceaux, Maine-et-Loire eldest son of Arthur II and Marie of Limoges (1) Isabella of Valois 18 February 1298 no issues (2) Isabella of Castile and León Burgos 21 June 1310 no issues (3) Joan of Savoy Chartres 21 March 1330 no issues 30 April 1341 Caen aged 55 Breton War of Succession Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death Joan the Lame (Janed) 1341-1364 with Charles I c. 1319 only daughter of Guy of Brittany, Count of Penthièvre and Joan of Avaugour Paris 4 June 1337 five children 10 September 1384 Guingamp aged 61–62 Charles I (Charlez Iañ) 1341–1364 with Joan c. 1319 Blois second son of Guy I, Count of Blois and Margaret of Valois 29 September 1364 Auray aged 44–45 John (IV) of Montfort (Yann IV Moñforzh) May 1341-1345 c. 1293 only son of Arthur II and Yolande de Dreux Joanna of Flanders Chartres March 1329 two children 26 September 1345 Château d'Hennebon, Hennebont aged 51–52 John (V) of Montfort (Yann V Moñforzh) 1345-1364 c. 1339 only son of John of Montfort and Jo..
    
12. Title: MedLands
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#AlainIIdied952;
    
13. Title: Wikiwand: Ancenis
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Ancenis;
    Note: Ancenis (French pronunciation: ​[ɑ̃s.ni]; Breton: Ankiniz) is a former commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Ancenis-Saint-Géréon.[2] It is a former sub-prefecture of the department, and was the seat of the former arrondissement of Ancenis. It played a great historical role as a key location on the road to Nantes (23 miles to the southwest), the historical capital of Brittany. It was named "the key of Brittany" [3] and the door of Brittany. Population [chart of historical population 1793-2009] Sights Château d'Ancenis, a medieval and Renaissance castle The Loire river on which Ancenis is located (on the north bank) Church of Saint Peter, 15-16-17th century Chapel of the Ursulines Chapel Notre-Dame de Délivrance Old quarter with mediaeval houses Dolmen at Pierre-Couvretière Sport The soccer team is called RCA 44, (Racing Club D'Ancenis 44) Personalities Henri Ottmann, painter Jordan Veretout, French footballer William Louiron, footballer Twin towns Ancenis is twinned with the town of Kirkham, in Lancashire, UK.