Thorfinn Sigurdssen II

• Preferred Name: Thorfinn Sigurdssen II^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]}
  
• Alternate Name: Thorfinn Sigurdsson II
  
• Alternate Name: Thorfin
  
• Alternate Name: Thorfinn of Orkney
  
• Alternate Name: Koning van Man
  
• Alternate Name: Thorfin Sigurdson II
  
• Gender: M
  
• FSID: KFPX-KY8
  
• Death: 1064 in Christchurch, Orkney Islands, Orkney, Scotland at LATI: N9 LONG: E3
  
• NFS ID: with note: Description: 9QHL-NF6 NFS
  
• Birth: 1009 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland at LATI: N9 LONG: E3
  
• Burial: 1064 in St Magnus Churchyard, Kirkwall, Orkney Islands, Orkney, Scotland
  
• Nickname:
  
• PhysicalDescription: He was unusually tall and strong, an ugly-looking man with a black head of hair, sharp features, a big nose and bushy eyebrows, a forceful man, greedy for fame and fortune. with note: The Orkneyinga Saga provides this description of Thorfinn https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorfinn_the_Mighty#Background
  
• Title (Nobility): with note: Description: Jarl (Earl) of Orkney
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Thorfinn Sigurdsson (1009?–c. 1065), also known as Thorfinn the Mighty, (Old Norse: Þorfinnr inn riki) was an 11th-century Earl of Orkney. He was the youngest of five sons of Earl Sigurd Hlodvirsson and the only one resulting from Sigurd's marriage to a daughter of Malcolm II of Scotland. He ruled alone as earl for about a third of the time that he held the title and jointly with one or more of his brothers or with his nephew Rögnvald Brusason for the remainder. Thorfinn married Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, daughter of Finn Arnesson, Jarl of Halland.
  
  The Heimskringla of Icelandic historian Snorri Sturluson, and the anonymous compiler of the Orkneyinga Saga wrote that Thorfinn was the most powerful of all the earls of Orkney and that he ruled substantial territories beyond the Northern Isles. A sizeable part of the latter saga's account concerns his wars with a "King of Scots" named Karl Hundason whose identity is uncertain. In his later years he went on a pilgrimage to Rome and he was instrumental in making Orkney and Shetland part of mainstream Christendom. On his death in the latter half of the 11th century he was followed as earl by his sons Paul and Erlend.
  
  There are numerous problems associated with the chronology of Thorfinn's life and in identifying his relationships to the southern polities of the Kingdom of Alba (the precursor to modern Scotland) and the Kingdom of Moray. His diplomacy with the Norwegian court has also been interpreted in various ways. His life has been the subject of various works of historical fiction.
  
  Thorfinn was the youngest of the five known sons of Earl Sigurd Hlodvirsson, but the only son of Sigurd's marriage to a daughter of King Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda). His elder half-brothers Einar, Brusi and Sumarlidi survived to adulthood, while another brother called Hundi died young in Norway, a hostage at the court of King Olaf Trygvasson.
  
  Earl Sigurd was killed at the Battle of Clontarf on 23 April 1014. Before setting out for Ireland, he had sent Thorfinn, then aged five, to be fostered by his maternal grandfather, the King of Scots. When the news of Sigurd's death came, Thorfinn's older half-brothers divided Orkney and Shetland between them. King Máel Coluim set Thorfinn up as ruler of Caithness and Sutherland with Scots advisors to rule for him. Earl Sigurd had also been a ruler of the Suðreyar but these holdings appear to have escaped the control of the earls of Orkney at the time of his death or shortly thereafter.
  
  The Orkneyinga Saga provides this description of Thorfinn:
  
  He was unusually tall and strong, an ugly-looking man with a black head of hair, sharp features, a big nose and bushy eyebrows, a forceful man, greedy for fame and fortune. He did well in battle, for he was both a good tactician and full of courage.
  
  Joint earldoms were a frequent feature of the Norse earldom of Orkney, although the Orkneyinga saga is less than explicit about how these shares were divided up geographically. Sumarlidi died in his bed not long after his father, most likely no later than 1018 and Einar took his share, ruling two-thirds of the earldom with the remaining third held by Brusi. Einar soon became unpopular, demanding heavy taxes and frequent military service from the farmers, and gaining little booty on his raids. He was, the saga says, "a great bully", whereas Brusi was "well liked by everyone".
  
  The Orkneyinga saga dates Thorfinn's death no more precisely than placing it "towards the end" of Harald Sigurdsson's reign, who died at the battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066. Thorfinn was buried at the Christ Church he himself had built. He is known to history as "Thorfinn the Mighty", and at his height of power, he controlled all of Orkney and Shetland, the Hebrides, Caithness and Sutherland, and his influence extended over much of the north of Scotland. The saga also makes a grander and more unlikely claim – that he controlled a total of seven earldoms in Scotland.
  
  He was followed as earl by his sons Paul and Erlend and his widow Ingibiorg the "Earls' Mother" later married Malcolm Canmore, King of Scots. St Olaf's saga states that following Thorfinn's decease "many of the dominions that the earl had laid under himself were lost".
  
  Interpretations
  There is clearly some doubt about the historicity of many of the claims in the Orkneyinga saga. Just as the backdrop to the supposed great expedition to the west undertaken by King Harald Fairhair that led to the founding of the Orkney earldom was the mid-13th century Norwegian contest with the Kings of Scots over the Hebrides we can see parallels with later events that have been included as embellishments to the life of Thorfinn. The saga writer would have had access to Arnór jarlaskáld's Þórfinnsdrápa and whatever oral history was available in the early 13th century. There are also a number of parallels with the life of Harald Maddadsson and Woolf (2007) speculates that aspects of Thorfinn's story may have been included to legitimise the latter's adventures.
  
  Descent
  The saga states that Thorfinn's grandfather was "King Malcolm of Scotland"and it is often assumed that this was Malcolm II. However, both the Irish annals for this period and the Norse sagas have a tendency to refer to a "king of Scots" when discussing a regional chief or mormaer. Woolf (2007) suggests that the reference may then be to Máel Coluim mac Máil Brigti a Pictish Mormaer of Moray or alternatively that, as elsewhere in Icelandic literature, Melkólmr was simply used as a generic name, in this case for Scottish royalty.
  
  Chronology
  The chronology of Thorfinn's life is problematic, the dating of his assumption of the earldom being an example. The Heimskringla states that Thorfinn was 5 years old when his father Sigurd was killed at Clontarf, reliably dated to 1014. "When Thorfinn came of age he asked Earl Einar for a third of the islands" and it is clear from the text of the Orkneyinga saga that Einar, Brusi and Thorfinn were joint earls for a period. Muir (2005) states that Einar died in October 1020 but if Thorfinn was five years old in 1014 this would have made him only eleven by then. A rather earlier birthdate for Thorfinn is thus implied, with a coming of age c. 1016 at about the time of Sumarlidi's death. Similarly, Thorfinn is often stated as dying c. 1064, although Woolf (2007) states that "there is no reason why a date in the late 1050s is not just as credible."
  
  St Olaf's saga states that Thorfinn "took the earldom when he was five winters old, and he ruled for more than sixty winters" although this implies a very late death date of 1074. One version of the Icelandic Annals has his rule lasting 52 years, providing the more commonly quoted year of death as c. 1065.
  
  Ingibiorg
  Related to this are the actions of his widow. Historians offering a later date for Thorfinn's death have proposed that Malcolm Canmore married a postulated daughter of Thorfinn named Ingibiorg rather than his widow. If a date in the 1050s is presumed, then Malcolm could well have married Ingibigiorg as the saga suggests.
  
  Duncan (2002) argued that Malcolm came to marry Thorfinn's widow because he spent some or all of the period of MacBeth's reign in Orkney or Caithness at Thorfinn's court. Thorfinn and Malcolm were both descendants of Malcolm II, daughter's son and daughter's grandson respectively, and both had good reason to be hostile to MacBeth and his Moray kinsmen. Malcolm Canmore became king of Scots c. 1058 and the Orkneyinga Saga records that he and Ingibiorg had a son, Duncan who was later king. There is some circumstantial evidence that Ingibiorg may have backed Malcolm's claim to the kingship which adds further weight to a slightly earlier death date for Thorfinn, although the evidence for her marriage to Malcolm is not entirely convincing.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorfinn_the_Mighty
  
  My Maternal Norwegian 26th. Great Grandfather, Thorfinn Sigurdsson, the Mighty, the Black
  Name: Thorfinn Sigurdsson II
  Born: 1009 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland ​​
  Married: about 1044 in Orkney Islands, Scotland to Ingibjorg Finnsdotter
  Children: (2)
  Erlend Thorfinnson II
  1045–1099 •
  
  === !NOTE: The Church of Jesus Christ of Lat ===
  !NOTE: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM); ; June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998; ; , Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA
  
  === ANCESTRAL ROOTS, by F. L. Weis, 7th Ed., ===
  ANCESTRAL ROOTS, by F. L. Weis, 7th Ed., Line 21, pg. 147: Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots 1058-1093, b. 1031, crowned at Scone, 17 Mar 1057/8, slain while besieging Alnwick Castle, 13 Nov 1093; m. (1) 1059, Ingibiorg, dau. of Earl Finn Arnason, and wid. of Thorfill Sigurdson; Earl of Orkney; m. (2) Dunfermline, 1068/9, Margaret (1-22), St. Margaaret of Scotland, d. 16 Nov 1093, dau. of Prince Edward the Exile, and a descendant of Alfred the Great, Clovis I, Cerdic, and perhaps Hengist, and ancestress of the royal line of England. (CP V 736, VII 641-642); SP I 1; Dunbar 25-34, 280-281. Generations 12-21:Lang (1901), I 56-57. For the whole line above the following sources are given by Ritson. Generations 2-20; CRONICA REGUM SCOTTORUM; NOMINA REGUM SCOT. ET PICT.;ANNALS OF TIGERNACH (d. 1080, cf. Roderic O'Flaherty, OGYGIA, published in Latin, 1685, in English, 1793, pp. 477-478); Duan, a Gaelic or Irish poem, c1050. Generations 4-20:ANNALLES ULTONIANSES (Annals of Ulster), a faithful chronology of great antiquity but uncertain date. Generations 11-20:CRONICA DE MAILROS (Chronicle of Melrose). Generations 12-22: Wm. of Malmesbury (d. aft. 1142), 56; ASC; Florence of Worcester (d. 1118). Generations 13-17: CRONICA DE ORIGINE ANTI- QUORUM PICTORUM ET SCROTORUM, ends 994, written at the time of Kenneth II. The CHRONICON ELEGIACUM extends to generation 20. Generations 16-20: HISTORIA DE DUNELMENSIS ECCLESIA, pp. 156-178 (by Turgotus, d. 1115, or Simon of Durham, d. 1130); CHRONICLE OF INNISFALLEN; SYNCHRONISMS of Flan of Bute (d. 1056); SCALA CHRONICA, 1365).
  
  === Thorfinn II ("The Black"), Jarl of Orkne ===
  Thorfinn II ("The Black"), Jarl of Orkney and 1st Earl of (the entire territory of) Caithness, so created 1014 by his grandfather Malcolm II. [Burke's Peerage]
  
  ---------------------------
  
  EARLDOM of CAITHNESS (I) 1030?
  
  NORSE PREDECESSORS of the EARLS of ORKNEY - subject to King of Norway until after 1379
  
  Thorfinn II the Black, Earl of Caithness 1014, Jarl of one-third of Orkney (?) 1016, was b. 1009 and was made Earl of Caithness in 1014 by his grandfather the Scottish King Malcolm MacKenneth, who thereby claimed a right to dispose of territory over which he had previously had no control. Thorfinn "was precocious in growing up immediately to full manhood." Thorkel, son of Amundi of Sandwich in Hrossey, "the most accomplished of all men in the Orkneys," after having incurred the wrath of Jarl Einar II for having taken the part of the farmers against his high-handedness, went to Caithness, where he became devoted to the young Thorfinn and became known as Thorkel Fosterer and his right-hand man. After the death of Jarl Somerled (? 1015) a claim to a part of Orkney was made by, or for, Thorfinn. "When Earl Thorfinn grew up" the claim was renewed on the advice of Thorkel Fosterer (? Autumn 1017), but "Einar was slow to diminish his land," and when Thorfinn learned that, he got ready an army from Caithness and went out to the islands. After Jarl Brusi’s mediation Thorfinn obtained a third of Orkney (? Spring 1018). Next year, Summer 1019, he sent Thorkel Fosterer to collect his revenues in Orkney, but Jarl Einar II accused him of having instigated Thorfinn to renew his claim to a third of Orkney, and Thorkel fled. Thorfinn sent him to Norway, Autumn 1019, to secure the support of the King, St. Olaf, against Jarl Einar II, and in the spring of 1020 the King invited Thorfinn to go to Norway. He went immediately and spent the summer of 1020 at Court, The King gave him a longship and another to Thorkel, and they returned to Orkney in the autumn of 1020. where Jarl Einar II prepared to attack Thorfinn. Jarl Brusi again made peace between them, and part of the settlement was that Jarl Einar II should go as Thorkel’s guest to Sandwick. Here, however, Thorkel murdered him (after 14 Oct. 1020) and the same day fled to Norway, where the King approved his deed. Thorfinn went to Norway, but was unable to secure more than one-third for himself. Thorfinn by Thorkel’s secret advice, accepted his third of Orkney as a fief from the King, and was thereafter reconciled with Thorkel, Thorfinn and Thorkel then returned to Caithness in the late summer 1021. When Jarl Brusi died (? 1030 autumn), Thorfinn became for the first time Jarl of all Orkney and Shetland. On the death of Thorfinn’s maternal grandfather, King Malcolm MacKenneth, 25 Nov. 1034, another grandson, Duncan, son of Crinan, the Lay Abbot of Dunkeld, by Malcolm’s elder dau. Bethoc, became King and, according to the Orkneyinga Saga, Karl Hundisson "took dominion over Scotland" and tried to put his sister’s son Moddan, who had many relatives and friends in Ireland, as Earl over Caithness, which was invaded (?) Summer 1035. Karl Hundisson was defeated by Thorfinn at sea, off Deerness, and again at Torfness in Moray; and Moddan was surprised and killed by Thorkel Fosterer at Thurso, where he had been joined by an Irish contingent. Thorfinn recovered Caithness, Sutherland and Ross, and raided through Moray down to Fife, In the autumn of 1036 Thorfinn surrendered one-third of Orkney to Brusi’s son, Ragnvald II, who had been given the title of Jarl by King Magnus the Good (1036-1047) with Jarl Einar Rangmund’s share (which St. Olaf had given as a fief to Jarl Brusi in the autumn of l021), and sent to Orkney with three longships provided by the King to receive his dominion. In the spring of 1037 Thorfinn and Ragnvald II went raiding in the Western Isles, "Scotland’s firths," and Ireland, and won a victory at Waterfirth in Skye. Thorfinn laid the land under him wherever they fared." The alliance lasted for eight years; Thorfinn then asked for a third of Orkney from Ragnvald II, because of the expense of maintaining his wife Ingibiorg’s uncle, KaIf Arnesson, a refugee from Norway, and his large retinue. Ragnvald declined to surrender any part of his dominion and went to Norway in 1046, where he obtained a force of picked men from King Magnus I. He returned and engaged in two sea fights with Thorfinn; in the first Thorfinn was worsted, but in the second, with the help of Kalf Arnesson, he defeated Ragnvald, who fled to Norway; and Thorfinn took the whole Earldom of Orkney and Shetland in the autumn of 1046. Ragnvald obtained fresh support from King Magnus I, surprised Thorfinn in Hrossey and burned his house with his bodyguard in it; but Thorfinn and Ingibiorg escaped in the smoke and fled to Caithness. Ragnvald seized all Orkney, but he was surprised by Thorfinn, just before Yule, in Little Papey. The house was set on fire and Ragnvald II, who had escaped unarmed from the blaze, was slain on the sea-shore by Thorkel Fosterer. Thereafter Thorfinn had the whole Earldom of Orkney and Shetland once more and, in the spring of 1047 went to Norway and made his peace with King Magnus I. In (?) Spring 1048 he again went to Norway and was well received by King Harald III Hardradi, as he was in Denmark by King Sweyn III Estrithsson (1047-1076). From Denmark he went to Saxony, where he was well received by the Emperor Henry III (1028-1055), who provided him with horses for the journey to Rome, where he saw the Pope and "took absolution from him for all his misdeeds." On his return he lived "almost always in Birsay and let them build there Christchurch a splendid minster." He d. (? 1065) "of disease about the end" of the reign of King Harald Hardradi, who was killed at Stamford Bridge (25 Sep. 1066).
  
  He m., before 1038, Ingibiorg, dau. of Finn Arnesson (d.p. 1062), of Yriar in Austratt, Lenderman under Norway, later Jarl of Halland under Denmark (circa 1051), by Begliot, dau. of Halfdan Sigurdsson (b. p. 995), brother of King Harald III Hardradi. After Thorfinn’s death she m. as his 1st wife (circa 1066) Malcolm III Ceannmor, King of Scots and had issue. Thorfinn had two sons who survived childhood, Paul and Erlend. [Complete Peerage, X:Appendix A:11-13]
  
  ___________________________
  
  Thorfinn, Jarl of Orkney in the Kingdom of Norway, was Earl of Caithness [S], holding 'undoubtedly the entire Earldom of Caithness for a long period.' He was s. and h. of Sigurd (the Second) also Jarl of Orkney, by a da of Malcolm II, King of Scotland, and was 5 years old at his father's death in 1014, when he was sent to the King, his maternal grandfather abovenamed, who bestowed on him Caithness and Sutherland with the title of Earl. On Malcolm's death, 1034, he disputed the right to the throne [S] with Duncan, s of an elder da of that King. Joining with Macbeth, Mormaer of Moray, he obtained after Duncand's murder (1040) dominion over the whole of the north of Scotland, during Macbeth's usurpation of the Crown [S]. He m Ingebiorge, da of Jarl Finn Arnason. He d about 1056. His widow m, as 1st wife, Malcolm III, King of Scotland (1058 to 1093), and d before 1070. [Complete Peerage II:473]
  
  === Known as Thorfinn the "Skull Splitter" f ===
  Known as Thorfinn the "Skull Splitter" for the way he finished off his enemies with his battleaxe.
  
  === Line 118833 from GEDCOM File not recogni ===
  Line 118833 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: NAME Thorfinn II "the Black" /SIGURDSSON EARL OF ORKNEY/ From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === !Age 5 at his father's death in 1014 ===
  !Age 5 at his father's death in 1014
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition L 170-21 !Earl of Orkney Islands
  
  === !#21-v2-p473*,-v10apndx(A)-p11-13*,-v12p ===
  !#21-v2-p473*,-v10apndx(A)-p11-13*,-v12pt1-p380fn(i); #189-v1-p2,-v2-p314*; !& Earl of Caithness; Orkney part of Norway during this time period; supposedly held 9 Earldoms in Scotland (Caithness,Sutherland,Ross,Moray, Buchan,Atholl,Lorne,Argyll, & Galloway), all the Southern Isles, and great realms in Ireland (supposedly from Thursaker to Dublin); permitted Christchurch Minster,Birsay,Orkney to be built; died> various dates given from 1056 to 1065, have entered 1065 as seems most correct at present;
  
  === After the death of King Canute, struggle ===
  After the death of King Canute, struggles of the English andNorwegiancrowns, Thorfinn became ruler of the entire Orkneys,Hebrides and themainland regions of Caitherness and Sutherland
  
  === He was called "the Black." ===
  He was called "the Black."
  
  === 8 on 591 ===
  8 on 591
  
  === Age 5 at his father's death in 1014; tit ===
  Age 5 at his father's death in 1014; titles from www.tartans.com/clans/Donnachaidh/robertson.html (The Clan Donnachaidh) "Robert the Bruce, King of Scots" by Ronald McNair Scott The History of the Clan Mackay 1977, HP1.77.3303, at National Library of Scotland states he was created Earl at age 5 by his grandfather, and deputies were appointed to govern his possessions during his minority. He became one of the most influential of the Norse Earls and disputed the right of his cousin, King Duncan, to the tributed usually paid. This brought about war, and Moddan, the King's nephew was created Earl of Caithness and furnished with an army to dispossess his rival. Moddan's army was defeated, and King Duncan himself with with his fleet by sea, while Moddan was sent by land with a large army. Thorfinn was again victorious. King duncan was either slain in battle or by his General Macbeth, who succeeded him on the throne. The kingdom was divided between himself and Thorfinn. He died in 1064, leaving a widow Ingibiorg who became the first wife of Malcolm Ceanmor.
  
  === Line 4305 from GEDCOM File not recogniza ===
  Line 4305 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: NAME Thorfinn II "the Black" /SIGURDSSON EARL OF ORKNEY/ From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === ! RELATIONSHIP: H. Reed Black is 29th G ===
  ! RELATIONSHIP: H. Reed Black is 29th G G Nephew.
  
  === From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 J ===
  From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === !#Plantagenet Ancestry-p102; ===
  !#Plantagenet Ancestry-p102;
  
  === thorfinn ===
  
  Thorfinn 'The Black' Sigurdsson (Orkenøyene), II Jarl of Orkney
  Also Known As: "Thorfinn the Mighty", "the Black", "þórfinnr", "The Black", "called Thorfinn the Mighty[1]"
  Birth 989 Orkney, Scotland Died 1060 in ScotlandOrkney
  Immediate Family:
  Son of Sigurd "the Stout" Hlodvesson, earl of Orkney and Olith (possibly Donada) 'Thora' 'Anleta' MacKenneth
  Husband of Ingibjörg Finnsdóttir
  Father of Bardolv Thorfinsson Torfinnson; Pål Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney; Erland Thorfinsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness and Dolgfinn
  Half brother of Brusi Sigurdsson, earl of Orkney; Sumarlidi Sigurdsson (988-1015), Jarl of Orkney; Einar, 'Wrymouth' Sigurdsson, Jarl of Orkney; Hlodve 'Hund' Sigurdsson Orkney and Ellen Sigurdsdottir
  Occupation:jarl på Orknøyene, Looking to settle Vinland that Leif Erickson had discovered, Earl (Greve) på Orkneyöarna, Caithness, Skottland, Irland och Isle of Man, 3rd Earl of Orkney, Jarl på Orkenøyene
  
  === From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 J ===
  From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996. From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === Thorfinn was only six or seven when he w ===
  Thorfinn was only six or seven when he was confirmed as the earl of Caithness. The Scottish king Malcolm installed him at Duncansby with a body of advisers and guardians. Although his territories were always subject to the king of Scotland (on the mainland) and the king of Norway (Orkney and the Western Isles), Throfinn seems to have governed with almost total autonomy. He became a wise and dedicated ruler, recognized throughout Europe.
  
  === Line 517 from GEDCOM File not recognizab ===
  Line 517 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: NAME Thorfinn II "the Black" /SIGURDSSON EARL OF ORKNEY/ From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === Line 517 from GEDCOM File not recognizab ===
  Line 517 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: NAME Thorfinn II "the Black" /SIGURDSSON EARL OF ORKNEY/ From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996. Line 159 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: NAME Thorfinn II "the Black" /SIGURDSSON EARL OF ORKNEY/ From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === Still Living. ===
  Still Living.
  
  === Notes and sources for Thorfin... ===
  ~ Yorkshire Archaeological Journal, Vol. IV, p. 385,
  Gospatric married a daughter of Dolfin, son of Thorfin
  
  === : NAME Thorfinn II "the Black" /SIGURDSS ===
  : NAME Thorfinn II "the Black" /SIGURDSSON EARL OF ORKNEY/ !: SOUR AUTH The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints TITL Ancestral File(TM) PUBL June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998 REPO @R01@
  
  === He was second Earl of Orkney. ===
  He was second Earl of Orkney.
  
  === Earl of Orkney, ===
  Earl of Orkney,
  
  === !Ancestral File 1996 ===
  !Ancestral File 1996
  
  === !"Robert the Bruce, King of Scots" by Ro ===
  !"Robert the Bruce, King of Scots" by Ronald McNair Scott
  
  === Jarl of the Orkneys Ruled Balance of Sc ===
  Jarl of the Orkneys Ruled Balance of Scotland Jarl of the Orkneys Ruled Balance of Scotland
  
  === !AKA: Thorfill Sigurdson, Earl of Orkney ===
  !AKA: Thorfill Sigurdson, Earl of Orkney - Doc. Line 170-21 !MARRIAGE: Thorfill Sigurdson, Earl and Ingibiorg Armason - Doc. Line 170-21
  
  === Source: Medieval Families Unit
  (as of ===
  Source: Medieval Families Unit
  (as of January 1995), 50 E North Temple St, Salt Lake City UT 84150
  Submission Search: 570414-100499093110
  CD-ROM: Pedigree Resource File - Compact Disc #6
  
  === THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 ===
  THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.102; SWEDISH PUBLICATION C, VOL 1 P.364 TAB 1; BOOK E, CHART 59 NUMBER 8; SCOTS PEERAGE VOL 1 P.1, 2; KEISER UND KOENIG HISTOIRE UND GENEALOISHE, PART 1 P.102; ANCESTRAL FILE, LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  
  === Weis. 170-21. ===
  Weis. 170-21.
  
  === !Dunbar: 282: Scottish Kings: 2nd Ed: p4 ===
  !Dunbar: 282: Scottish Kings: 2nd Ed: p4-5. Sureties Society: V51. Ritson's: Annals of the Scots. Earl of Orkney.
  
  === b.Thorfin II, Earl of Caithness. f."Roya ===
  b.Thorfin II, Earl of Caithness. f."Royalty for Commoners" by Stuart, line 165-31.
  
  === !SOURCE: "Magna Charta," Part VIII, by J ===
  !SOURCE: "Magna Charta," Part VIII, by John B. Wurts, chp 285, pp2693 -2699
  
  === Earl ===
  Earl
  
  === Line in Record @I14106@ (RIN 14105) from ===
  Line in Record @I14106@ (RIN 14105) from GEDCOM file not recognized: _UID 3ED027CA9ECCD61193C3973FD6E9BB5E542E Line in Record @I14108@ (RIN 14106) from GEDCOM file not recognized: _UID 7B97322446A2D61193C3E88C9393015F87CB Line in Record @I14129@ (RIN 14122) from GEDCOM file not recognized: _UID 30AB34DE985DD61193C294AD8A14235E7EFE Line in Record @I14130@ (RIN 14130) from GEDCOM file not recognized: _UID 51465B7C3451D61193C2CDEE4AFA0D5E9938 1 _UID C2EEE40DF5E0D51193C2F02AB1EEA05660B6

• m. ABT 1044 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland

1. Paul Thorfinnssen, b. ABT 1049 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland     d. 3 NOV 1099 in Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
2. Erlend Thorfinnsen II, b. 1045 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Orkney, Scotland     d. 1099 in Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway

1. Title: Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Mathematical.com
   Publication: Name: http://www.mathematical.com/sigurdssonthofinn989.html;
   
2. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) -
   Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2001880049
   
3. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Thorfinn SIGURDSSON Earl of the Orkneys Is. -
   Author: Carl M. Ringen Gunderson, "Ancestral Forefathers of Paal Erikson and Asle Dugalson" Long sheet of the "Yngling Kings of Norway"
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2031122919
   
4. Title: Find a Grave, Thorfinn Sigursson
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/109785500/thorfinn-sigurdsson;
   Note: Death 1058
   
5. Title: Find a grave records
   Author: Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 17 April 2020), memorial page for Thorfinn “Thorfinn the Mighty” Sigurdsson (1009–1058), Find a Grave Memorial no. 109785500, citing Saint Magnus Churchyard, Birsay, Orkney Islands, Scotland ; Maintained by Mad (contributor 47329061) .
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/109785500/thorfinn-sigurdsson#source;
   Note: Thorfinn “Thorfinn the Mighty” Sigurdsson BIRTH 1009 Orkney Islands, Scotland DEATH 1058 (aged 48–49) Birsay, Orkney Islands, Scotland BURIAL Saint Magnus Churchyard Birsay, Orkney Islands, Scotland MEMORIAL ID 109785500 · View Source
   Page: Records show that Thorfinn's death date is actually unknown - listed in most as "about" 1064 .The churchyard records state 1058 .His widow married Malcolm III and their son Duncan II was born 1060. All records show Duncan as Ingibjorg's son by Malcolm.
   
6. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) -
   Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2035880316
   
7. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) -
   Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998) www.familysearch.org, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2275140727
   
8. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) -
   Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2737222797
   
9. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) - birth: 0989; Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom
   Author: 13143.GED, Not Given
   Note: birth: 0989; Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom Source Media Type: Other death: 1064; Kirkcudbright, Scotland, United Kingdom Source Media Type: Other Source Media Type: Other
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2737222793
   
10. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) -
    Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2737222795
    
11. Title: Thorfinn Sigurdsson, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVG9-KCGX : 23 November 2022), The Mighty, ; Burial, Birsay, , Orkney Islands, Scotland, Saint Magnus Churchyard; citing record ID 109785500, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVG9-KCGX;
    
12. Title: Thorfinn II Sigurdsson, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVKC-P23L : 30 May 2020), Thorfinn II Sigurdsson, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID , Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVKC-P23L;
    
13. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) -
    Author: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (R) (Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998) www.familysearch.org, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2275260680
    
14. Title: Geni
    Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Thorfinn-The-Black-The-Mighty-Sigurdsson-II-Jarl-of-Orkney/6000000001052002306;
    
15. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) -
    Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2941801618
    
16. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) - birth: 0989; Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Author: 160010.GED, Not Given
    Note: birth: 0989; Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom Source Media Type: Other death: 1064; Kirkcudbright, Scotland, United Kingdom Source Media Type: Other Source Media Type: Other
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2737222791
    
17. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) - birth: about 0989; Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Author: Ancestral File.LDS Church. Family History Library.
    Note: birth: about 0989; Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom death: about 1064; Kirkcudbright, Scotland, United Kingdom
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2198868384
    
18. Title: WIKIPEDIA: Thorfinn the Mighty
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorfinn_the_Mighty;
    
19. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Earl" Thorfinn II, "the Black" Sigurdsson (Earl of Orkney) -
    Author: FamilySearch™ Pedigree Resource File, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, © 1999-2002 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved.
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2001880054