Cerdic King of Wessex

• Preferred Name: Cerdic King of Wessex^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• FSID: L8WY-W7H
  
• Royal House: 519 with note: Description: Wessex (founder)
  
• Death: 11 SEP 534 in Wessex, Berkshire, England at LATI: N1.3821 LONG: E0.9888
  
• Affiliation: with note: Description: Progenitor of the House of Cerdic, also known as the House of Wessex, House of Cerdicingas, and Cerdicing Dynasty
  
• BECAME+KING: 519 with note: Description: After a great battle at Cerdicesleag, Cerdic declared himself, and his son Cynric, ruler of that part of Britton known now as Ancient Wessex.
  
• MilitaryService: said to have fought at Cerdicesleag, identified as Charford (Cerdic's Ford)519 with note: Wikiwand: Cerdic of Wessex
  
• Fact: with note: Description: he is cited in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" as a leader and founder of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, being the first king of Saxon Wessex.
  
• Birth: 2 MAY 467 in Saxony at LATI: N1 LONG: E3.25
  
• ARRIVED+IN+495: 495 in Hampshire, England at LATI: N1.0786 LONG: E1.317 with note: Description: Cerdic, and his son Cynric, landed with 5 ships in 495 at what is today Hampshire. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states: "A.D. 495. This year came two leaders into Britain, Cerdic and Cynric his son, with five ships, at a place that is called Cerdic's-ore..." http://mcllibrary.org/Anglo/part1.html
  
• MilitaryService: and is said to have defeated King Natanleod508
  
• Burial: SEP 534 in Wessex, Berkshire, England at LATI: N1.3821 LONG: E0.9888
  
• Title (Nobility): BET 519 AND 534 with note: Description: 1st King of Wessex (King of the Gewissae)
  
• KING+CERDIC+MAY+BE+KING+ARTHUR: with note: Description: The historians John C. and Joseph W. Rudmin claim that Cerdic and Arthur were the same person. Both names mean "strong arm"; both are associated with Wessex and, especially, Winchester; both are illegitimate sons; both dominate the region later known as Wessex c. 500 CE; Arthur is the son of Uther and Igerna while Cerdic is the son of Elessa and Isaive; and Arthur marries Guinevere of Cornwall, Cerdic marries Guignier of Cornwall. All of these similarities, it is claimed, prove Arthur and Cerdic to be one historical figure https://www.ancient.eu/Cerdic/
  
• MilitaryService: and conquered the Isle of Wight (then known by the Celtic name of Ynys Weith). It was later given to his kinsmen, Stuf and Wihtgar (who had supposedly arrived with the West Saxons in 514).ABT 514
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Cerdic is commonly regarded as the first king of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex. He is said to have reigned from around 519 to 534. His importance lies in the fact that subsequent Anglo-Saxon Kings of England revered him as their great ancestor.
  
  Cerdic was the son of Elessa and Isaive. Some sources imply that Cerdic was illegitimate, therefore, it is not known if Cerdic's parents were married or not.
  
  Cerdic is identified as the husband of Guignier of Cornwall. Together they are the parents of:
  - Cynric, probably born about 482, succeeded as 'King of Wessex'
  - Creoda (possible but not certain)
  
  Much of what we know about Cerdic comes from The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. The Chronicles provide a pedigree tracing Cerdic's ancestry back to Wōden. It identifies his father as Elesa son of Esla. World History Edu agrees and identifies Cerdic as the son of Elessa and Isaive. It also identifies Cerdic's wife as Guignier of Cornwall.
  
  History tells us that Cerdic first arrived in what is today Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in five ships. Other sources also identify as possible son named Creoda. Confusingly the "Genealogical Regnal List" identifies Creoda as the son of Cerdic and the father of Cynric. However, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles do not mention Creoda at all and identify Cynric as Cerdic's son, not his grandson.
  
  The Life of King Alfred by Asser does mention Creoda once in the initial listing of Alfred's pedigree:
  "King Alfred was the son of King Æthelwulf; he of Egbert; he of Ealhmund; he of Eafa; he of Eoppa; he of Ingild. Ingild and Ine, the famous king of the West Saxons, were two brothers... Ingild and Ine were the sons of Coenred; he of Ceolwald; he of Cutha; he of Cuthwine; he of Ceawlin; he of Cynric; he of Creoda; he of Cerdic; he of Elesa; he of Gewis, from whom the Welsh name all that people Gegwis."
  However, later in his more detailed account of Alfred's ancestry, Asser makes no mention of Creoda at all and calls Cynric the son of Cerdic.
  
  Most historians agree that Creoda is a highly 'shady' character whose existence is highly doubted. It is generally accepted that Cerdic was Cynric's father.
  
  It is not known when Cerdic was born, however, he arrived with his SON Cynric in 495. Surely Cynric was at least 13 years old when they arrived with a raiding party. Therefore, Cerdic was at least 28 or 30, probably older. This would place his birth in 467 or earlier. If one choses to believe that Cynric was the son of Creoda and Creoda was the son of Cerdic then this would make Cerdic's own date of birth MUCH earlier, at least in 440 or earlier. As Cerdic is recorded as reigning until 534 it is highly unlikely that he was so old. It is doubtful that the Anglo-Saxon people (and nearby warring kingdoms) would have tolerated a doddering king of near 100 years old.
  
  There are several versions of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles however 2 report Cerdic's arrival in 495 stating:
  "495. In this year two princes, Cerdic and Cynric his son, came to Britain with five ships, arriving at the place which is called Cerdicesora, and the same day they fought against the Welsh."
  and a 2nd version states:
  "A.D. 495. This year came two leaders into Britain, Cerdic and Cynric his son, with five ships, at a place that is called Cerdic's-ore."
  
  Cerdic is recorded as starting his reign as King of the Gewissae in 519. Cerdic would not have been known during his own time as the "King of Wessex" as there was no Wessex as we now know it. Once again, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (which were written much later) have much to say, identifying his kingdom as that of "the West-Saxons" stating:
  "A.D. 519. This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook the government of the West-Saxons; From that day have reigned the children of the West-Saxon kings."
  and:
  "519. In this year Cerdic and Cynric obtained the kingdom of the West Saxons, and the same year they fought against the Britons at a place now called Cerdices-ford. And from that day on the princes of the West Saxons have reigned."
  
  However, Cerdic would not have called himself 'king of the Saxons" or "King of the West-Saxons" either. It is likely he considered himself "King of the Gewissae".
  
  Cerdic died in 534 and was succeeded by his son Cynric. It sounds as if they were co-rulers before this for The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles state:
  "534. In this year Cerdic passed away, and his son Cynric continued to reign twenty-six years."
  and:
  "A.D. 534. This year died Cerdic, the first king of the West-Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned afterwards twenty-six winters."
  
  It is not known where Cerdic was buried, however, tradition states that he was buried at Cerdicesbeorg, a former barrow at Stoke near Hurstbourne in the north west corner of Hampshire, which is mentioned in an 11th century charter.
  
  -------------------------
  
  Cerdic, (died 534), founder of the West Saxon kingdom, or Wessex. All the sovereigns of England except Canute, Hardecanute, the two Harolds, and William the Conqueror are said to be descended from him. A Continental ealdorman who in 495 landed in Hampshire, Cerdic was attacked at once by the Britons. Nothing more is heard of him until 508, when he defeated the Britons with great slaughter. Strengthened by fresh arrivals of Saxons, he gained another victory in 519 at Certicesford, a spot which has been identified with the modern Charford, and in this year took the title of king. Turning westward, Cerdic appears to have been defeated by the Britons in 520 at Badbury or Mount Badon, in Dorset, and in 527 yet another fight with the Britons is recorded. His last work was the conquest of the Isle of Wight, probably in the interest of some Jutish allies.
  https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cerdic
  
  -------------------------
  
  Cerdic (/ˈtʃɜːrdɪtʃ/; Latin: Cerdicus) is described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as a leader of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, being the founder and first king of Saxon Wessex, reigning from 519 to 534 AD. Subsequent kings of Wessex were each claimed by the Chronicle to descend in some manner from Cerdic. His origin, ethnicity, and even his very existence has been extensively disputed. However, though claimed as the founder of Wessex by later West Saxon kings, he would have been known to contemporaries as king of the Gewissae, a folk or tribal group. The first king of the Gewissae to call himself 'King of the West Saxons', was Caedwalla, in a charter of 686.
  
  Life
  According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic landed in Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in five ships. He is said to have fought a Brittonic king named Natanleod at Natanleaga and killed him thirteen years later (in 508), and to have fought at Cerdicesleag in 519. Natanleaga is commonly identified as Netley Marsh in Hampshire and Cerdicesleag as Charford (Cerdic's Ford). The conquest of the Isle of Wight is also mentioned among his campaigns, and it was later given to his kinsmen, Stuf and Wihtgar (who had supposedly arrived with the West Saxons in 514). Cerdic is said to have died in 534 and was succeeded by his son Cynric.
  
  The early history of Wessex in the Chronicle has been considered unreliable, with duplicate reports of events and seemingly contradictory information. David Dumville has suggested that Cerdic's true regnal dates are 538-554. Some scholars suggest that Cerdic was the Saxon leader defeated by the Britons at the Battle of Mount Badon, which was probably fought in 490 (and possibly later, but not later than 518). This cannot be the case if Dumville is correct, and others assign this battle to Ælle or another Saxon leader, so it appears likely that the origins of the kingdom of Wessex are more complex than the version provided by the surviving traditions.
  
  Some scholars have gone so far as to suggest that Cerdic is purely a legendary figure, and had no actual existence, but this is a minority view. However, the earliest source for Cerdic, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, was put together in the late ninth century; though it probably does record the extant tradition of the founding of Wessex, the intervening four hundred years mean that the account cannot be assumed to be accurate.
  
  Descent from Cerdic became a necessary criterion for later kings of Wessex, and Egbert of Wessex, progenitor of the English royal house and subsequent rulers of England and Britain, claimed him as an ancestor.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerdic_of_Wessex
  
  Cerdic was allegedly the first King of Anglo-Saxon Wessex from 519 to 534, cited by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the founder of the Kingdom of Wessex and ancestor of all its subsequent kings. Obviously Cerdic did have a father even if he wasn't named Elesa but the traditional dates given for such a person seem very exaggerated. Living for 75 years during the 5th and 6th centuries AD would be extraordinary, given the life expectancy for the early Anglo-Saxon period was only 34.7 years for men and 33.1 years for women. There is even a suggestion that Cerdic's reign may have been set too early by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and should be closer to 538-554, which would mean that the dates for his father would also be later. In its entry for the year 552, following a note that Cerdic's son Cynric fought with the Britons at Sarum and put them to flight, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle adds in a pedigree reaching from Cerdic back to the god Woden: Cerdic was the son of Elesa, Elesa of Esla, Esla of Gewis, Gewis of Wye, Wye of Frewin, Frewin of Frithgar, Frithgar of Brand, Brand of Balday, Balday of Woden. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic landed in Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in five ships. Descent from Cerdic became a necessary criterion for later kings of Wessex, and Egbert of Wessex (c769-839), progenitor of the English royal house and subsequent rulers of England and Britain, claimed him as an ancestor. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles declare Cerdic and his son Cynric to be earldonmen, hinting they were already existing au
  
  === Crowned King of England ===
  Crowned King of England
  
  === Source: Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral ===
  Source: Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots, Seventh Edition, Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, [1992], 1-1. A patriarch of royalty in Saxony, landed in Hampshire in 495 and in 519 gained a victory at Charford. He was first crowned King of the West Saxons, when, as it is reported, the legendary King Arthur, who had his castle on the steep coast of Cornwall, yielded to him the section of land now known as Hampshire and Somerset. In 520, being unable to extend his rule west of the Avon and defeated at Badbury, co. Dorset, Cedric withdrew. Ten years later he conquered the Isle of Wight. He died in 534. Cerdic is said to be the founding figure of the West Saxon dynasty. However, much of this is obscure and not documented, subject to dispute by history scholars. There was no secure chronicle in the 6th century. (Wurts)
  
  === SAXON EALDORMAN. FOUNDED SETTLEMENT IN ===
  SAXON EALDORMAN. FOUNDED SETTLEMENT IN HAMPSHIRE IN 495. FOUGHT THE BRITONS AT CHARFORD IN 519, AFTER WHICH HE BECAME KING OF THE WEST SAXONS UNTIL 534.
  
  === Cerdic, King of Wessex and Bretwanda. ===
  Cerdic, King of Wessex and Bretwanda.
  
  === Cerdic KING OF WESSEX Marriage: Unknown ===
  Cerdic KING OF WESSEX Marriage: Unknown Died: 534 General Notes: Cerdic was a Saon Earldorman. In 495 he founded a new settlement on the coast of Hampshire, England. He took the title of King of Wessex or King of the West Saxons in 519. In that year he and his son Cynric attacked the Britons with five ships, namely at Charford. The West Saxons have reigned England from that day. He is the ancestor of the English Royal line. In 530 they conquered the Isle of Wight. He died in 534 as the first King of the Wessex. (C-437) Sources 1 Robert Jesse Harry, The Ancestors and Descendants of Hugh Harry and Elizabeth Brinton ID#: C-437. 2 Stevens, Luke, Line of Adam. 3 Albert F. Schmuhl The Royal Line ID#: C-332. History Anglo-Saxon England The heptarchy The supremacy of Northumbria and the rise of Mercia When Northumbria became eminent in scholarship, its age of political importance was over. This political dominance had begun when Aethelfrith, ruling over the united Northumbrian kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira, defeated the Dalriadic Scots at Degsastan in 603 and the Welsh at Chester in 613-616.Aethelfrith was himself defeated andkilled in 616 by Edwin, the exiled heir to Deira, with the help of Raedwald of East Anglia, then overlord of the southern peoples. Edwin continued to defeat the Welsh and became the acknowledged overlord of all England except Kent: he annexed the British kingdom of Elmet, invaded North Wales, and captured Anglesey and the Isle of Man. But he fell at Hatfield in 632 before the forces of Cadwallon, king of Gwynedd, and of Penda, a Mercian chieftain. A year later Aethelfrith's son Oswald destroyed Cadwallon and restored the kingdom of Northumbria, and he became overlord of all the lands south of the River Humber. But Mercia was becoming a serious rival; originally a small kingdom in the northwest Midlands, it had absorbed the peoples of the Severn valley, including the Hwicce, a West Saxon people annexed in 628 after a victory by Penda at Cirencester. Penda threw off Northumbrian control when he defeated and killed Oswald in 641. He drove out Cenwalh of Wessex, who took refuge in East Anglia from 645 to 648. Penda's control of Middle Anglia, where he made his son subking in 653, brought him to the East Anglian frontier; heinvaded this kingdom three times, killing three of its kings. He was able to draw an army from a wide area, including East Anglia, when he invaded Northumbria in 654; nevertheless, he was defeated and killed by Oswiu, Oswald's successor. For a short time Oswiu was overlord of southern England, but a Mercian revolt put Penda's son Wulfhere on the throne in 657, and he greatly extended Mercian power to the southeast and south. Wulfhere became overlord of Essex, with London, and of Surrey. He also held the West Saxon lands along the middle Thames and blocked any eastward advance of the West Saxons by capturing the Isle of Wight and the mainland opposite and giving them tohis godson, Aethelwalh of Sussex. Yet Wulfhere's reign ended in disaster; the Kentish monk Aedde, in his Life of St. Wilfrid, said Wulfhere roused all the southern peoples in an attack on Ecgfrith of Northumbria in 674 but was defeated and died soon after. Ecgfrith took possession of Lindsey, a section of modern Lincolnshire, but he lost it to Aethelred of Mercia after the Battle of the Trent in 678. Thenceforward Northumbria wasno threat to Mercian dominance because it was occupied in fighting the Picts in the north. After Ecgfrith was slain by them in 685, his successors took little part in external affairs. Yet Mercian power was threatened from the south. Caedwalla had added Surrey, Sussex, and the Isle of Wight to the West Saxon kingdom and thus came near to uniting all lands south of the Thames into a single kingdom that might have held its own against Mercia. But this kingdom was short-lived. Kent became free from foreign interference in 694, two years after the accession of Wihtred, who reestablished the Kentish royal line. Sussex appears again as an independent kingdom; and Caedwalla's successor, Ine, was mainly occupied in extending his territory to the west. After Wihtred's death in 725 and Ine's abdication in 726, both Kent and Wessex had internal troubles and could not resist the Mercian kings Aethelbald and Offa. The great age of Mercia Aethelbald succeeded in 716 to the rule of all the Midlandsand to the control of Essex and London. By 731 all provinces south of the Humber were subject to him. Some of his charters use a regnal style suited to this dignity, such as “king not only of the Mercians but also of all provinces . . . of the South English” and rex Britanniae (a Latinization of bretwalda). Aethelbald held this position, with only occasional warfare, until his death, in 757-far longer than any previous holder of the imperium. St. Boniface praised the good order he maintained in his kingdom, though complaining of his immoral life and his encroachment on church privileges. Aethelbald was murdered by his own household. Offa did not at once attain the powerful position that later caused Charles the Great (Charlemagne) to treat with him on equal terms; Cynewulf of Wessex recovered West Saxon lands by the middle Thames and did not submit until 779. Offa was overlord in Kent by 764, in Sussex and the district of Hastings by 771; he apparently lost his authority in Kent after the Battle of Otford in 776 but recovered it in 785. His use of an East Anglian mint shows him supreme there. He claimed greater powers than earlier overlords-subkings among the Hwicce and in Sussex dropped their royal titles and appeared as ealdermen, and he referred to a Kentish king as his thegn. The English scholar Alcuin spoke of the blood shed by Offa to secure the succession of his son, and fugitives from his kingdom sought asylum with Charles the Great. Charles treated Offa as if he were sole king of England, at least of the region south of the Humber; the only other king he acknowledged was t he Northumbrian ruler. Offa seemed not to have claimed authority beyond the Humber but instead allied himself with King Aethelred of Northumbria by giving him his daughter in 794. Offa appears on the continental scene more than had any previous English king. Charles wrote to him as “his dearestbrother” and wished for a marriage between his own son Charles and Offa's daughter. Offa's refusal, unless Charles let one of his daughters marry Offa's son Ecgfrith, led to a three-year quarrel in which Charles closed his ports to traders from England. This and a letter about regulating trade, written when the quarrel was over, provide evidence for the importance of cross-Channel trade, which was one reason for Offa's reform of the coinage. Imitating the action of Pippin III in 755, Offa took responsibility for the coinage, and thenceforward the king's name normally appeared on coins. But the excellent quality in design and workmanship of his coins, especiallythose with his portrait, served an additional purpose: they had a propaganda value in bringing home the preeminence of the Mercian king not only to his English subjects but also to people on the Continent. Pope Adrian Iregarded Offa with awe and respect. Because Offa's laws are lost, little is known of his internal government, though Alcuin praises it. Offa was able to draw on immense resources to build a dike to demarcate his frontier against Wales. In the greatness of its conception and the skill of its construction, the dike forms a fitting memorial to him. It probably belongs to his later years, and it secured Mercia from sudden incursions. History Anglo-Saxon England The heptarchy The church and scholarship in Offa's time Northumbria was still preeminent in scholarship, and the fame of the school of York, founded by Bede's pupil Archbishop Egbert, attracted students from the Continent and from Ireland. Eventually it supplied Alcuin to take charge of the revival of learning inaugurated by Charles theGreat; Alcuin 's writings exercised great influence on theological, biblical, and liturgical studies, and his pupils carried on his work well into the 9th century. Learning was not confined to Northumbria; one Latin work was produced in East Anglia, and recent attribution of manuscripts to Lichfield suggests that Mercian scholarship has been underestimated. Offa himself took an interest in education, and men from all areas corresponded with the missionaries. The Mercian schoolsthat supplied Alfred with scholars in the 9th century may go back to this period. Vernacular poetry was composed, perhaps including Beowulf and the poems of Cynewulf. A steady advance was made in the creation of parishes, and monasticism flourished and received support from Offa. A great event in ecclesiastical history was the arrival of a papal legation in 787, the first since the conversion. It drew up reforming statutes, which were accepted by the two ecclesiastical provinces, meeting separately under the presidency of Offa and Aelfwald of Northumbria. Offa used the visit to secure the consecration of his son-the first recorded coronation ceremony in England-and also to haveMercia made into a metropolitan province with its see at Lichfield. The latter seemed desirable partly because he disliked the Kentish archbishop of Canterbury, Jaenberht, but also because it would seem fitting to him that the leading kingdom should be free from external interference in ecclesiastical affairs. This move was unpopular with thechurch, and in 802, when relations with Canterbury had improved, the archbishopric of Lichfield was abolished. The decline of Mercia and the rise of Wessex Offa died in 796, and his son died a few weeks later. Cenwulf, their successor, suppressed revolts in Kent and East Anglia, but he never attained Offa's position. Cenwulf allowed Charles to intervene in Northumbria in 808 and restore Eardwulf (who had been driven from his kingdom) to the throne-a unique incident in Anglo-Saxon history. Me rcian influence
  === Life Sketch ===
  Cerdic is commonly regarded as the first king of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex. He is said to have reigned from around 519 to 534. His importance lies in the fact that subsequent Anglo-Saxon Kings of England revered him as their great ancestor.
  
  Cerdic was the son of Elessa and Isaive. Some sources imply that Cerdic was illegitimate, therefore, it is not known if Cerdic's parents were married or not.
  
  Cerdic is identified as the husband of Guignier of Cornwall. Together they are the parents of:
  - Cynric, probably born about 482, succeeded as 'King of Wessex'
  - Creoda (possible but not certain)
  
  Much of what we know about Cerdic comes from The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. The Chronicles provide a pedigree tracing Cerdic's ancestry back to Wōden. It identifies his father as Elesa son of Esla. World History Edu agrees and identifies Cerdic as the son of Elessa and Isaive. It also identifies Cerdic's wife as Guignier of Cornwall.
  
  History tells us that Cerdic first arrived in what is today Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in five ships. Other sources also identify as possible son named Creoda. Confusingly the "Genealogical Regnal List" identifies Creoda as the son of Cerdic and the father of Cynric. However, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles do not mention Creoda at all and identify Cynric as Cerdic's son, not his grandson.
  
  The Life of King Alfred by Asser does mention Creoda once in the initial listing of Alfred's pedigree:
  "King Alfred was the son of King Æthelwulf; he of Egbert; he of Ealhmund; he of Eafa; he of Eoppa; he of Ingild. Ingild and Ine, the famous king of the West Saxons, were two brothers... Ingild and Ine were the sons of Coenred; he of Ceolwald; he of Cutha; he of Cuthwine; he of Ceawlin; he of Cynric; he of Creoda; he of Cerdic; he of Elesa; he of Gewis, from whom the Welsh name all that people Gegwis."
  However, later in his more detailed account of Alfred's ancestry, Asser makes no mention of Creoda at all and calls Cynric the son of Cerdic.
  
  Most historians agree that Creoda is a highly 'shady' character whose existence is highly doubted. It is generally accepted that Cerdic was Cynric's father.
  
  It is not known when Cerdic was born, however, he arrived with his SON Cynric in 495. Surely Cynric was at least 13 years old when they arrived with a raiding party. Therefore, Cerdic was at least 28 or 30, probably older. This would place his birth in 467 or earlier. If one choses to believe that Cynric was the son of Creoda and Creoda was the son of Cerdic then this would make Cerdic's own date of birth MUCH earlier, at least in 440 or earlier. As Cerdic is recorded as reigning until 534 it is highly unlikely that he was so old. It is doubtful that the Anglo-Saxon people (and nearby warring kingdoms) would have tolerated a doddering king of near 100 years old.
  
  There are several versions of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles however 2 report Cerdic's arrival in 495 stating:
  "495. In this year two princes, Cerdic and Cynric his son, came to Britain with five ships, arriving at the place which is called Cerdicesora, and the same day they fought against the Welsh."
  and a 2nd version states:
  "A.D. 495. This year came two leaders into Britain, Cerdic and Cynric his son, with five ships, at a place that is called Cerdic's-ore."
  
  Cerdic is recorded as starting his reign as King of the Gewissae in 519. Cerdic would not have been known during his own time as the "King of Wessex" as there was no Wessex as we now know it. Once again, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (which were written much later) have much to say, identifying his kingdom as that of "the West-Saxons" stating:
  "A.D. 519. This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook the government of the West-Saxons; From that day have reigned the children of the West-Saxon kings."
  and:
  "519. In this year Cerdic and Cynric obtained the kingdom of the West Saxons, and the same year they fought against the Britons at a place now called Cerdices-ford. And from that day on the princes of the West Saxons have reigned."
  
  However, Cerdic would not have called himself 'king of the Saxons" or "King of the West-Saxons" either. It is likely he considered himself "King of the Gewissae".
  
  Cerdic died in 534 and was succeeded by his son Cynric. It sounds as if they were co-rulers before this for The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles state:
  "534. In this year Cerdic passed away, and his son Cynric continued to reign twenty-six years."
  and:
  "A.D. 534. This year died Cerdic, the first king of the West-Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned afterwards twenty-six winters."
  
  It is not known where Cerdic was buried, however, tradition states that he was buried at Cerdicesbeorg, a former barrow at Stoke near Hurstbourne in the north west corner of Hampshire, which is mentioned in an 11th century charter.
  
  -------------------------
  
  Cerdic, (died 534), founder of the West Saxon kingdom, or Wessex. All the sovereigns of England except Canute, Hardecanute, the two Harolds, and William the Conqueror are said to be descended from him. A Continental ealdorman who in 495 landed in Hampshire, Cerdic was attacked at once by the Britons. Nothing more is heard of him until 508, when he defeated the Britons with great slaughter. Strengthened by fresh arrivals of Saxons, he gained another victory in 519 at Certicesford, a spot which has been identified with the modern Charford, and in this year took the title of king. Turning westward, Cerdic appears to have been defeated by the Britons in 520 at Badbury or Mount Badon, in Dorset, and in 527 yet another fight with the Britons is recorded. His last work was the conquest of the Isle of Wight, probably in the interest of some Jutish allies.
  https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cerdic
  
  -------------------------
  
  Cerdic (/ˈtʃɜːrdɪtʃ/; Latin: Cerdicus) is described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as a leader of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, being the founder and first king of Saxon Wessex, reigning from 519 to 534 AD. Subsequent kings of Wessex were each claimed by the Chronicle to descend in some manner from Cerdic. His origin, ethnicity, and even his very existence has been extensively disputed. However, though claimed as the founder of Wessex by later West Saxon kings, he would have been known to contemporaries as king of the Gewissae, a folk or tribal group. The first king of the Gewissae to call himself 'King of the West Saxons', was Caedwalla, in a charter of 686.
  
  Life
  According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic landed in Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in five ships. He is said to have fought a Brittonic king named Natanleod at Natanleaga and killed him thirteen years later (in 508), and to have fought at Cerdicesleag in 519. Natanleaga is commonly identified as Netley Marsh in Hampshire and Cerdicesleag as Charford (Cerdic's Ford). The conquest of the Isle of Wight is also mentioned among his campaigns, and it was later given to his kinsmen, Stuf and Wihtgar (who had supposedly arrived with the West Saxons in 514). Cerdic is said to have died in 534 and was succeeded by his son Cynric.
  
  The early history of Wessex in the Chronicle has been considered unreliable, with duplicate reports of events and seemingly contradictory information. David Dumville has suggested that Cerdic's true regnal dates are 538–554. Some scholars suggest that Cerdic was the Saxon leader defeated by the Britons at the Battle of Mount Badon, which was probably fought in 490 (and possibly later, but not later than 518). This cannot be the case if Dumville is correct, and others assign this battle to Ælle or another Saxon leader, so it appears likely that the origins of the kingdom of Wessex are more complex than the version provided by the surviving traditions.
  
  Some scholars have gone so far as to suggest that Cerdic is purely a legendary figure, and had no actual existence, but this is a minority view. However, the earliest source for Cerdic, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, was put together in the late ninth century; though it probably does record the extant tradition of the founding of Wessex, the intervening four hundred years mean that the account cannot be assumed to be accurate.
  
  Descent from Cerdic became a necessary criterion for later kings of Wessex, and Egbert of Wessex, progenitor of the English royal house and subsequent rulers of England and Britain, claimed him as an ancestor.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerdic_of_Wessex
  
  Cerdic was allegedly the first King of Anglo-Saxon Wessex from 519 to 534, cited by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the founder of the Kingdom of Wessex and ancestor of all its subsequent kings. Obviously Cerdic did have a father even if he wasn't named Elesa but the traditional dates given for such a person seem very exaggerated. Living for 75 years during the 5th and 6th centuries AD would be extraordinary, given the life expectancy for the early Anglo-Saxon period was only 34.7 years for men and 33.1 years for women. There is even a suggestion that Cerdic's reign may have been set too early by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and should be closer to 538-554, which would mean that the dates for his father would also be later. In its entry for the year 552, following a note that Cerdic's son Cynric fought with the Britons at Sarum and put them to flight, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle adds in a pedigree reaching from Cerdic back to the god Woden: Cerdic was the son of Elesa, Elesa of Esla, Esla of Gewis, Gewis of Wye, Wye of Frewin, Frewin of Frithgar, Frithgar of Brand, Brand of Balday, Balday of Woden. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic landed in Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in five ships. Descent from Cerdic became a necessary criterion for later kings of Wessex, and Egbert of Wessex (c769-839), progenitor of the English royal house and subsequent rulers of England and Britain, claimed him as an ancestor. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles declare Cerdic and his son Cynric to be earldonmen, hinting they were already existing au
  
  === Source: Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral ===
  Source: Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots, Seventh Edition, Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, [1992], 1-1. A patriarch of royalty in Saxony, landed in Hampshire in 495 and in 519 gained a victory at Charford. He was first crowned King of the West Saxons, when, as it is reported, the legendary King Arthur, who had his castle on the steep coast of Cornwall, yielded to him the section of land now known as Hampshire and Somerset. In 520, being unable to extend his rule west of the Avon and defeated at Badbury, co. Dorset, Cedric withdrew. Ten years later he conquered the Isle of Wight. He died in 534. Cerdic is said to be the founding figure of the West Saxon dynasty. However, much of this is obscure and not documented, subject to dispute by history scholars. There was no secure chronicle in the 6th century. (Wurts)
  
  === Crowned King of England ===
  Crowned King of England
  
  === SAXON EALDORMAN. FOUNDED SETTLEMENT IN ===
  SAXON EALDORMAN. FOUNDED SETTLEMENT IN HAMPSHIRE IN 495. FOUGHT THE BRITONS AT CHARFORD IN 519, AFTER WHICH HE BECAME KING OF THE WEST SAXONS UNTIL 534.
  
  === Cerdic, King of Wessex and Bretwanda. ===
  Cerdic, King of Wessex and Bretwanda.
  
  === Cerdic KING OF WESSEX Marriage: Unknown ===
  Cerdic KING OF WESSEX Marriage: Unknown Died: 534 General Notes: Cerdic was a Saon Earldorman. In 495 he founded a new settlement on the coast of Hampshire, England. He took the title of King of Wessex or King of the West Saxons in 519. In that year he and his son Cynric attacked the Britons with five ships, namely at Charford. The West Saxons have reigned England from that day. He is the ancestor of the English Royal line. In 530 they conquered the Isle of Wight. He died in 534 as the first King of the Wessex. (C-437) Sources 1 Robert Jesse Harry, The Ancestors and Descendants of Hugh Harry and Elizabeth Brinton ID#: C-437. 2 Stevens, Luke, Line of Adam. 3 Albert F. Schmuhl The Royal Line ID#: C-332. History Anglo-Saxon England The heptarchy The supremacy of Northumbria and the rise of Mercia When Northumbria became eminent in scholarship, its age of political importance was over. This political dominance had begun when Aethelfrith, ruling over the united Northumbrian kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira, defeated the Dalriadic Scots at Degsastan in 603 and the Welsh at Chester in 613–616.Aethelfrith was himself defeated andkilled in 616 by Edwin, the exiled heir to Deira, with the help of Raedwald of East Anglia, then overlord of the southern peoples. Edwin continued to defeat the Welsh and became the acknowledged overlord of all England except Kent: he annexed the British kingdom of Elmet, invaded North Wales, and captured Anglesey and the Isle of Man. But he fell at Hatfield in 632 before the forces of Cadwallon, king of Gwynedd, and of Penda, a Mercian chieftain. A year later Aethelfrith's son Oswald destroyed Cadwallon and restored the kingdom of Northumbria, and he became overlord of all the lands south of the River Humber. But Mercia was becoming a serious rival; originally a small kingdom in the northwest Midlands, it had absorbed the peoples of the Severn valley, including the Hwicce, a West Saxon people annexed in 628 after a victory by Penda at Cirencester. Penda threw off Northumbrian control when he defeated and killed Oswald in 641. He drove out Cenwalh of Wessex, who took refuge in East Anglia from 645 to 648. Penda's control of Middle Anglia, where he made his son subking in 653, brought him to the East Anglian frontier; heinvaded this kingdom three times, killing three of its kings. He was able to draw an army from a wide area, including East Anglia, when he invaded Northumbria in 654; nevertheless, he was defeated and killed by Oswiu, Oswald's successor. For a short time Oswiu was overlord of southern England, but a Mercian revolt put Penda's son Wulfhere on the throne in 657, and he greatly extended Mercian power to the southeast and south. Wulfhere became overlord of Essex, with London, and of Surrey. He also held the West Saxon lands along the middle Thames and blocked any eastward advance of the West Saxons by capturing the Isle of Wight and the mainland opposite and giving them tohis godson, Aethelwalh of Sussex. Yet Wulfhere's reign ended in disaster; the Kentish monk Aedde, in his Life of St. Wilfrid, said Wulfhere roused all the southern peoples in an attack on Ecgfrith of Northumbria in 674 but was defeated and died soon after. Ecgfrith took possession of Lindsey, a section of modern Lincolnshire, but he lost it to Aethelred of Mercia after the Battle of the Trent in 678. Thenceforward Northumbria wasno threat to Mercian dominance because it was occupied in fighting the Picts in the north. After Ecgfrith was slain by them in 685, his successors took little part in external affairs. Yet Mercian power was threatened from the south. Caedwalla had added Surrey, Sussex, and the Isle of Wight to the West Saxon kingdom and thus came near to uniting all lands south of the Thames into a single kingdom that might have held its own against Mercia. But this kingdom was short-lived. Kent became free from foreign interference in 694, two years after the accession of Wihtred, who reestablished the Kentish royal line. Sussex appears again as an independent kingdom; and Caedwalla's successor, Ine, was mainly occupied in extending his territory to the west. After Wihtred's death in 725 and Ine's abdication in 726, both Kent and Wessex had internal troubles and could not resist the Mercian kings Aethelbald and Offa. The great age of Mercia Aethelbald succeeded in 716 to the rule of all the Midlandsand to the control of Essex and London. By 731 all provinces south of the Humber were subject to him. Some of his charters use a regnal style suited to this dignity, such as “king not only of the Mercians but also of all provinces . . . of the South English” and rex Britanniae (a Latinization of bretwalda). Aethelbald held this position, with only occasional warfare, until his death, in 757—far longer than any previous holder of the imperium. St. Boniface praised the good order he maintained in his kingdom, though complaining of his immoral life and his encroachment on church privileges. Aethelbald was murdered by his own household. Offa did not at once attain the powerful position that later caused Charles the Great (Charlemagne) to treat with him on equal terms; Cynewulf of Wessex recovered West Saxon lands by the middle Thames and did not submit until 779. Offa was overlord in Kent by 764, in Sussex and the district of Hastings by 771; he apparently lost his authority in Kent after the Battle of Otford in 776 but recovered it in 785. His use of an East Anglian mint shows him supreme there. He claimed greater powers than earlier overlords—subkings among the Hwicce and in Sussex dropped their royal titles and appeared as ealdermen, and he referred to a Kentish king as his thegn. The English scholar Alcuin spoke of the blood shed by Offa to secure the succession of his son, and fugitives from his kingdom sought asylum with Charles the Great. Charles treated Offa as if he were sole king of England, at least of the region south of the Humber; the only other king he acknowledged was t he Northumbrian ruler. Offa seemed not to have claimed authority beyond the Humber but instead allied himself with King Aethelred of Northumbria by giving him his daughter in 794. Offa appears on the continental scene more than had any previous English king. Charles wrote to him as “his dearestbrother” and wished for a marriage between his own son Charles and Offa's daughter. Offa's refusal, unless Charles let one of his daughters marry Offa's son Ecgfrith, led to a three-year quarrel in which Charles closed his ports to traders from England. This and a letter about regulating trade, written when the quarrel was over, provide evidence for the importance of cross-Channel trade, which was one reason for Offa's reform of the coinage. Imitating the action of Pippin III in 755, Offa took responsibility for the coinage, and thenceforward the king's name normally appeared on coins. But the excellent quality in design and workmanship of his coins, especiallythose with his portrait, served an additional purpose: they had a propaganda value in bringing home the preeminence of the Mercian king not only to his English subjects but also to people on the Continent. Pope Adrian Iregarded Offa with awe and respect. Because Offa's laws are lost, little is known of his internal government, though Alcuin praises it. Offa was able to draw on immense resources to build a dike to demarcate his frontier against Wales. In the greatness of its conception and the skill of its construction, the dike forms a fitting memorial to him. It probably belongs to his later years, and it secured Mercia from sudden incursions. History Anglo-Saxon England The heptarchy The church and scholarship in Offa's time Northumbria was still preeminent in scholarship, and the fame of the school of York, founded by Bede's pupil Archbishop Egbert, attracted students from the Continent and from Ireland. Eventually it supplied Alcuin to take charge of the revival of learning inaugurated by Charles theGreat; Alcuin 's writings exercised great influence on theological, biblical, and liturgical studies, and his pupils carried on his work well into the 9th century. Learning was not confined to Northumbria; one Latin work was produced in East Anglia, and recent attribution of manuscripts to Lichfield suggests that Mercian scholarship has been underestimated. Offa himself took an interest in education, and men from all areas corresponded with the missionaries. The Mercian schoolsthat supplied Alfred with scholars in the 9th century may go back to this period. Vernacular poetry was composed, perhaps including Beowulf and the poems of Cynewulf. A steady advance was made in the creation of parishes, and monasticism flourished and received support from Offa. A great event in ecclesiastical history was the arrival of a papal legation in 787, the first since the conversion. It drew up reforming statutes, which were accepted by the two ecclesiastical provinces, meeting separately under the presidency of Offa and Aelfwald of Northumbria. Offa used the visit to secure the consecration of his son—the first recorded coronation ceremony in England—and also to haveMercia made into a metropolitan province with its see at Lichfield. The latter seemed desirable partly because he disliked the Kentish archbishop of Canterbury, Jaenberht, but also because it would seem fitting to him that the leading kingdom should be free from external interference in ecclesiastical affairs. This move was unpopular with thechurch, and in 802, when relations with Canterbury had improved, the archbishopric of Lichfield was abolished. The decline of Mercia and the rise of Wessex Offa died in 796, and his son died a few weeks later. Cenwulf, their successor, suppressed revolts in Kent and East Anglia, but he never attained Offa's position. Cenwulf allowed Charles to intervene in Northumbria in 808 and restore Eardwulf (who had been driven from his kingdom) to the throne—a unique incident in Anglo-Saxon history. Me rcian influence

1. Cynric of Wessex , b. ABT 485 in Kingdom of Wessex     d. 560 in Winchester, Hampshire, Kingdom of Wessex

1. Title: Cerdic - The Peerage.com
   Author: Darryl Lundy, The Peerage, a genealogical survey of teh Peerage of Britian as well as the royal families of Europe(http://thepeerage.com : accessed 6 Jan 2020), Cerdic;
   Publication: Name: https://www.thepeerage.com/p10264.htm;
   Note: Cerdic, King of Wessex1 M, #102633, b. circa 467, d. 534 Last Edited=18 Apr 2010 Cerdic, King of Wessex was born circa 467 at GermanyG.2 He was the son of Elesa (?)1 He died in 534.1 In 495 he came to England.3 He gained the title of King Cerdic of Wessex in 519.1 Children of Cerdic, King of Wessex Creoda (?)4 b. c 493, d. 534 Cynric, King of Wessex+1 b. c 495, d. c 560 Citations [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 66. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World. [S2299] John Warburg, "re: Kings of Scotland," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 28 May 2007. Hereinafter cited as "re: Kings of Scotland." [S52] G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville, The Queen's Lineage: from A.D. 495 to the Silver Jubilee of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (London , U.K.: Rex Collings, 1977), page 5. Hereinafter cited as The Queen's Lineage. [S58] E. B. Fryde, D. E. Greenway, S. Porter and I. Roy, editors, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd edition (London, U.K.: Royal Historical Society, 1986), page 21. Hereinafter cited as Handbook of British Chronology.
   
2. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Cerdic -
   Author: Corpus Christi College Cambridge MS 183, c 934
   Note: Source Media Type: Book
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736743212
   
3. Title: Cherdich in "Hengist and Horsa" From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa#Book_6;
   Note: As his new father-in-law, Hengist made further demands of Vortigern: As I am your father, I claim the right of being your counsellor: do not therefore slight my advice, since it is to my countrymen you must owe the conquest of all your enemies. Let us invite over my son Octa, and his brother Ebissa, who are brave soldiers, and give them the countries that are in the northern parts of Britain, by the wall, between Deira and Alba. For they will hinder the inroads of the barbarians, and so you shall enjoy peace on the other side of the Humber.[25] Vortigern agreed. Upon receiving the invitation, Octa, Ebissa, and another lord, Cherdich, immediately left for Britain with three hundred ships. Vortigern received them kindly, and gave them ample gifts. With their assistance, Vortigern defeated his enemies in every engagement.
   Page: Cherdich (Cerdic) arrived at the invitation of Vortigern to defend against the barbarian Scots, and was received kindly and given ample gifts.
   
4. Title: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : Fifth Century & Sixth Century
   Publication: Name: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/ang05.asp;
   Note: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Fifth Century A.D. 418. This year the Romans collected all the hoards of gold (14) that were in Britain; and some they hid in the earth, so that no man afterwards might find them, and some they carried away with them into Gaul. A.D. 423. This year Theodosius the younger succeeded to the empire. A.D. 429. This year Bishop Palladius was sent from Pope Celesrinus to the Scots, that he might establish their faith. A.D. 430. This year Patricius was sent from Pope Celestinus to preach baptism to the Scots. ((A.D. 430. This year Patrick was sent by Pope Celestine to preach baptism to the Scots.)) A.D. 435. This year the Goths sacked the city of Rome; and never since have the Romans reigned in Britain. This was about eleven hundred and ten winters after it was built. They reigned altogether in Britain four hundred and seventy winters since Gaius Julius first sought that land. A.D. 443. This year sent the Britons over sea to Rome, and begged assistance against the Picts; but they had none, for the Romans were at war with Atila, king of the Huns. Then sent they to the Angles, and requested the same from the nobles of that nation. A.D. 444. This year died St. Martin. A.D. 448. This year John the Baptist showed his head to two monks, who came from the eastern country to Jerusalem for the sake of prayer, in the place that whilom was the palace of Herod. (15) A.D. 449. This year Marcian and Valentinian assumed the empire, and reigned seven winters. In their days Hengest and Horsa, invited by Wurtgern, king of the Britons to his assistance, landed in Britain in a place that is called Ipwinesfleet; first of all to support the Britons, but they afterwards fought against them. The king directed them to fight against the Picts; and they did so; and obtained the victory wheresoever they came. They then sent to the Angles, and desired them to send more assistance. They described the worthlessness of the Britons, and the richness of the land. They then sent them greater support. Then came the men from three powers of Germany; the Old Saxons, the Angles, and the Jutes. From the Jutes are descended the men of Kent, the Wightwarians (that is, the tribe that now dwelleth in the Isle of Wight), and that kindred in Wessex that men yet call the kindred of the Jutes. From the Old Saxons came the people of Essex and Sussex and Wessex. From Anglia, which has ever since remained waste between the Jutes and the Saxons, came the East Angles, the Middle Angles, the Mercians, and all of those north of the Humber. Their leaders were two brothers, Hengest and Horsa; who were the sons of Wihtgils; Wihtgils was the son of Witta, Witta of Wecta, Wecta of Woden. From this Woden arose all our royal kindred, and that of the Southumbrians also. ((A.D. 449. And in their days Vortigern invited the Angles thither, and they came to Britain in three ceols, at the place called Wippidsfleet.)) A.D. 455. This year Hengest and Horsa fought with Wurtgern the king on the spot that is called Aylesford. His brother Horsa being there slain, Hengest afterwards took to the kingdom with his son Esc. A.D. 457. This year Hengest and Esc fought with the Britons on the spot that is called Crayford, and there slew four thousand men. The Britons then forsook the land of Kent, and in great consternation fled to London. A.D. 465. This year Hengest and Esc fought with the Welsh, nigh Wippedfleet; and there slew twelve leaders, all Welsh. On their side a thane was there slain, whose name was Wipped. A.D. 473. This year Hengest and Esc fought with the Welsh, and took immense Booty. And the Welsh fled from the English like fire. A.D. 477. This year came Ella to Britain, with his three sons, Cymen, and Wlenking, and Cissa, in three ships; landing at a place that is called Cymenshore. There they slew many of the Welsh; and some in flight they drove into the wood that is called Andred'sley. A.D. 482. This year the blessed Abbot Benedict shone in this world, by the splendour of those virtues which the blessed Gregory records in the book of Dialogues. A.D. 485. This year Ella fought with the Welsh nigh Mecred's- Burnsted. A.D. 488. This year Esc succeeded to the kingdom; and was king of the men of Kent twenty-four winters. A.D. 490. This year Ella and Cissa besieged the city of Andred, and slew all that were therein; nor was one Briten left there afterwards. A.D. 495. This year came two leaders into Britain, Cerdic and Cynric his son, with five ships, at a place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And they fought with the Welsh the same day. Then he died, and his son Cynric succeeded to the government, and held it six and twenty winters. Then he died; and Ceawlin, his son, succeeded, who reigned seventeen years. Then he died; and Ceol succeeded to the government, and reigned five years. When he died, Ceolwulf, his brother, succeeded, and reigned seventeen years. Their kin goeth to Cerdic. Then succeeded Cynebils, Ceolwulf's brother's son, to the kingdom; and reigned one and thirty winters. And he first of West-Saxon kings received baptism. Then succeeded Cenwall, who was the son of Cynegils, and reigned one and thirty winters. Then held Sexburga, his queen, the government one year after him. Then succeeded Escwine to the kingdom, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and held it two years. Then succeeded Centwine, the son of Cynegils, to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, and reigned nine years. Then succeeded Ceadwall to the government, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and held it three years. Then succeeded Ina to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned thirty-seven winters. Then succeeded Ethelheard, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen years. Then succeeded Cuthred, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen winters. Then succeeded Sigebriht, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned one year. Then succeeded Cynwulf, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned one and thirty winters. Then succeeded Brihtric, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen years. Then succeeded Egbert to the kingdom, and held it seven and thirty winters, and seven months. Then succeeded Ethelwulf, his son, and reigned eighteen years and a half. Ethelwulf was the son of Egbert, Egbert of Ealmund, Ealmund of Eafa, Eafa of Eoppa, Eoppa of Ingild, Ingild of Cenred (Ina of Cenred, Cuthburga of Cenred, and Cwenburga of Cenred), Cenred of Ceolwald, Ceolwald of Cuthwulf, Cuthwulf of Cuthwine, Cuthwine of Celm, Celm of Cynric, Cynric of Creoda, Creoda of Cerdic. Then succeeded Ethelbald, the son of Ethelwulf, to the kingdom, and held it five years. Then succeeded Ethelbert, his brother, and reigned five years. Then succeeded Ethelred, his brother, to the kingdom, and held it five years. Then succeeded Alfred, their brother, to the government. And then had elapsed of his age three and twenty winters, and three hundred and ninety-six winters from the time when his kindred first gained the land of Wessex from the Welsh. And he held the kingdom a year and a half less than thirty winters. Then succeeded Edward, the son of Alfred, and reigned twenty-four winters. When he died, then succeeded Athelstan, his son, and reigned fourteen years and seven weeks and three days. Then succeeded Edmund, his brother, and reigned six years and a half, wanting two nights. Then succeeded Edred, his brother, and reigned nine years and six weeks. Then succeeded Edwy, the son of Edmund, and reigned three years and thirty-six weeks, wanting two days. When he died, then succeeded Edgar, his brother, and reigned sixteen years and eight weeks and two nights. When he died, then succeeded Edward, the son of Edgar, and reigned -- Notes: (14) This is not to be understood strictly; gold being used as a general term for money or coin of every description; great quantities of which, it is well known, have been found at different times, and in many different places, in this island: not only of gold, but of silver, brass, copper, etc. Back (15) An interpolated legend, from the "Gesta Pontificum", repeated by Bede, Florence, Matth. West., Fordun, and others. The head was said to be carried to Edessa. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : Sixth Century A.D. 501. This year Porta and his two sons, Beda and Mela, came into Britain, with two ships, at a place called Portsmouth. They soon landed, and slew on the spot a young Briton of very high rank. A.D. 508. This year Cerdic and Cynric slew a British king, whose name was Natanleod, and five thousand men with him. After this was the land named Netley, from him, as far as Charford. A.D. 509. This year St. Benedict, the abbot, father of all the monks, (16) ascended to heaven. A.D. 514. This year came the West-Saxons into Britain, with three ships, at the place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And Stuff and Wihtgar fought with the Britons, and put them to flight. A.D. 519. This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook the government of the West-Saxons; the same year they fought with the Britons at a place now called Charford. From that day have reigned the children of the West-Saxon kings. A.D. 527. This year Cerdic and Cynric fought with the Britons in the place that is called Cerdic's-ley. A.D. 530. This year Cerdic and Cynric took the isle of Wight, and slew many men in Carisbrook. A.D. 534. This year died Cerdic, the first king of the West-Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned afterwards twenty-six winters. And they gave to their two nephews, Stuff and Wihtgar, the whole of the Isle of Wight. A.D. 538. This year the sun was eclipsed, fourteen days before the calends of March, from before morning until nine. A.D. 540. This year the sun was eclipsed on the twelfth day before the calends of July; and the stars showed themselves full nigh half an hour over nine. A.D. 544. This year died Wihtgar; and men buried him at Carisbrook.
   
5. Title: The British history of Geoffrey of Monmouth. In twelve books by Thompson, Aaron
   Author: https://archive.org/details/b29349850/page/122/mode/1up Pages 121-123 The British history of Geoffrey of Monmouth. In twelve books by Geoffrey, of Monmouth, Bishop of St. Asaph, 1100?-1154. n 50072242; Thompson, Aaron, 1681- or 1682; Giles, J. A. (John Allen), 1808-1884. n 50027753 Publication date 1842 Topics Great Britain Publisher London : J. Bohn Collection wellcomelibrary; ukmhl; medicalheritagelibrary; europeanlibraries Digitizing sponsor Wellcome Library Contributor Wellcome Library Language English 1 unnumbered leaf, xxvii, 282 pages including geneal. tab : (8vo) Addeddate 2017-07-17 13:13:20 Associated-names Thompson, Aaron, 1681- or 1682; Giles, J. A. (John Allen), 1808-1884 Bookplateleaf 0003 External-identifier urn:oclc:record:1045106507[WorldCat (this item)] Foldoutcount 0 Identifier b29349850 Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t1fj8gc68 Invoice 1008 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 Page-progression lr Pages 322
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/b29349850/page/122/mode/1up;
   Note: Pages 121 to 123 (primarily 122) At that time came St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre, St.Germanus and Lupus, bishop of Troyes, to preach the Gospel to the p us Britons.... Let us invite over my son Octa, and his brother Ebissa, who are brave soldiers, and give them the countries that arc in the northern parts of Britain, by the wall, between Deira and Albania. For they bill hinder the inroads of the barbarians, and so you shall enjoy peace on the other side of the Humber.'” Vortegirn complied with his request, and ordered them to invite over whomsoever they knew able to assist him. Immediately upon the receipt of this message, came Octa, Ebissa, and Cherdich, with three hundred ships filled with soldiers, who were all kindly received by Vortegirn, and had ample presents made them. For by their assistance, he vanquished his enemies, and in every engagement proved victorious. Hengist in the meantime continued to invite over more and more ships, and to augment his numbers daily... ...upon the ford of Epiffrod, where Horsus and Katigorn, another son of Vortegirn, met, and after a sharp encounter killed each other...
   Page: Hengist a Saxon mercenary who assisted Vortegirn in preserving his kingdom against the Picts and Scots, advised Vortegirn (a King of Briton) to bring over more Saxons. Vortegirn invited more Saxon warriors to come to his assistance and "Cherdich" (Cerdic) was among those that answered the call. The arrival of St. Germanus circa 447, marriage of Hengist's daughter and later the death of Horsa who is reported in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to have died in 455, all date this 'invitation' to about 450 Identifies Cherdich (Cerdic) as a Saxon and arriving in Kent about 450
   
6. Title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 5: Cerdic
   Note: CERDIC (d. 534), founder of the West Saxon kingdom, is described as an ealdorman who in 495 landed with his son Cynric in Hampshire, where he was attacked at once by the Britons. Nothing more is heard of him until 508, when he defeated the Britons with great slaughter. Strengthened by fresh arrivals of Saxons, he gained another victory in 519 at Certicesford, a spot which has been identified with the modern Charford, and in this year took the title of king. Turning westward, Cerdic appears to have been defeated by the Britons in 520 at Badbury or Mount Badon, in Dorset, and in 527 yet another fight with the Britons is recorded. His last work was the conquest of the Isle of Wight, probably in the interest of some Jutish allies. All the sovereigns of England, except Canute, Hardicanute, the two Harolds and William the Conqueror, are said to be descended from Cerdic. See Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, edited by C. Plummer (Oxford, 1892–1899); Gildas, De excidio Britanniae, edited by Th. Mommsen (Berlin, 1898); Nennius, Historia, Brittonum, edited by Th. Mommsen (Berlin, 1898); Bede, Historiae ecclesiasticae gentis Anglorum libri v., ed. C. Plummer (Oxford, 1896); E. Guest, Origines Celticae (London, 1883); J. R. Green, The Making of England (London, 1897).
   
7. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Crioda (Cerdic) K of West Saxons - birth: about 0493; England, United Kingdom
   Author: Walter Lane report
   Note: birth: about 0493; England, United Kingdom Source Media Type: Other Source Media Type: Other
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2889041583
   
8. Title: Cerdic of Wessex From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerdic_of_Wessex;
   Note: Cerdic (/ˈtʃɜːrdɪtʃ/; Latin: Cerdicus) is described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as a leader of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, being the founder and first king of Saxon Wessex, reigning from 519 to 534 AD. Subsequent kings of Wessex were each claimed by the Chronicle to descend in some manner from Cerdic. His origin, ethnicity, and even his very existence have been extensively disputed. However, though claimed as the founder of Wessex by later West Saxon kings, he would have been known to contemporaries as king of the Gewissae, a folk or tribal group. The first king of the Gewissae to call himself 'King of the West Saxons', was Caedwalla, in a charter of 686. Etymology The name Cerdic is thought by most scholars to be Brittonic – a form of the name Ceretic – rather than Germanic in origin.[5] According to the Brittonic origin hypothesis, Cerdic is derived from the British name *Caratīcos or *Corotīcos.[6][7][8][9] This may indicate that Cerdic was a native Briton, and that his dynasty became Anglicised over time.[10][11] This view is supported by the potentially non-Germanic names of some of his descendants including Ceawlin, Cedda and Caedwalla.[9][12][13][14] Background The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle provides a pedigree tracing Cerdic's ancestry back to Wōden and the antediluvian patriarchs. Kenneth Sisam has shown that this pedigree resulted from a process of elaboration upon a root pedigree borrowed from the kings of Bernicia, and hence before Cerdic himself it has no historical basis.[15] J. N. L. Myres noted that when Cerdic and Cynric first appear in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in s.a. 495 they are described as ealdormen, which at that point in time was a fairly junior rank.[16] Myres remarks that It is thus odd to find it used here to describe the leaders of what purports to be an independent band of invaders, whose origins and authority are not otherwise specified. It looks very much as if a hint is being conveyed that Cerdic and his people owed their standing to having been already concerned with administrative affairs under Roman authority on this part of the Saxon Shore. Furthermore, it is not until s.a. 519 that Cerdic and Cynric are recorded as "beginning to reign", suggesting that they ceased being dependent vassals or ealdormen and became independent kings in their own right. Summing up, Myres believed that It is thus possible ... to think of Cerdic as the head of a partly British noble family with extensive territorial interests at the western end of the Litus Saxonicum. As such he may well have been entrusted in the last days of Roman, or sub-Roman authority with its defence. He would then be what in later Anglo-Saxon terminology could be described as an ealdorman ... If such a dominant native family as that of Cerdic had already developed blood-relationships with existing Saxon and Jutish settlers at this end of the Saxon Shore, it could very well be tempted, once effective Roman authority had faded, to go further. It might have taken matters into its own hands and after eliminating any surviving pockets of resistance by competing British chieftains, such as the mysterious Natanleod of annal 508, it could 'begin to reign' without recognizing in future any superior authority.[17] Cerdic's father Elesa has been identified by some scholars with the Romano-British Elasius, the "chief of the region", met by Germanus of Auxerre.[18][19] King of Wessex According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic landed in what is today Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in five ships. He is said to have fought a Brittonic king named Natanleod at Natanleaga and killed him 13 years later (in 508) and to have fought at Cerdicesleag in 519. Natanleaga is commonly identified as Netley Marsh in Hampshire and Cerdicesleag as Charford (Cerdic's Ford[20]). The conquest of the Isle of Wight is mentioned among his campaigns, and it later was given to his kinsmen Stuf and Wihtgar (who supposedly arrived with the West Saxons in 514). Cerdic is said by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to have died in 534, succeeded by his son Cynric. The early history of Wessex in the Chronicle has been considered unreliable, with duplicate reports of events and seemingly contradictory information.[21] David Dumville has suggested that Cerdic's true regnal dates are 538–554. Some scholars suggest that Cerdic was the Saxon leader defeated by the Britons at the Battle of Mount Badon, probably fought in 490 (and possibly later, but not later than 518). This cannot be the case if Dumville is correct, and others assign this battle to Ælle or another Saxon leader, so it appears likely that the origins of the kingdom of Wessex are more complex than the version provided by the surviving traditions.[22] Some scholars have gone so far as to suggest that Cerdic is purely a legendary figure, but this is a minority view. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the earliest source for Cerdic, was put together in the late ninth century; though it probably does record the extant tradition of the founding of Wessex, the intervening 400 years mean that the account cannot be assumed to be accurate.[23][24] The annals of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, along with the genealogical descents embedded in that source's accounts of later kings, describe Cerdic's succession by his son Cynric. However, the Genealogical Regnal List that served as preface to the Chronicle manuscripts instead interposes a generation between them, indicating that Cerdic was father of Creoda and grandfather of Cynric.[25] Descent from Cerdic became a necessary qualification for later kings of Wessex, and he was claimed ancestor of Ecgberht, King of Wessex, progenitor of the English royal house and subsequent rulers of England and Britain. See also House of Wessex family tree References Kirby, D. P. (1965) Problems of Early West Saxon History, The English Historical Review, January 1965, Vol. 80, No. 314, Oxford University Press, pp. 10–29. Stevenson, W. H. (1899), "The Beginnings of Wessex", The English Historical Review, January 1899, Vol. 14, No. 53, Oxford University Press, pp. 32–46. Walker, H. E. (1956), "Bede, and the Gewissae: The Political Evolution of the Heptarchy and Its Nomenclature", The Cambridge Historical Journal, 1956, Vol. 12, No. 2, Cambridge University Press, pp. 174–186 Yorke, B. (1989), "The Jutes of Hampshire and Wight and the origins of Wessex", in The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms, Bassett, S. (ed.), Leicester University Press, London and New York, pp. 85–92, p. 96. Jackson, Kenneth (1953). Language and History in Early Britain. Edinburgh, Scotland: University Press. pp. 554, 557, 613, 680. Parsons, D. (1997) British *Caraticos, Old English Cerdic, Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies, 33, pp, 1–8. Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 394–395. ISBN 1-85109-440-7. Hoops, J. (2002) Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Volume 20, Walter de Gruyter, Germanic Antiquities, pp. 560–561 Yorke, B. (1995) Wessex in the Early Middle Ages, A&C Black, p. 190 Koch, J.T., (2006) Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 1-85109-440-7, pp. 392–393. Yorke, B. (1995) Wessex in the Early Middle Ages, A&C Black, pp. 190–191 Howorth, H.H., "The Beginnings of Wessex", The English Historical Review, Vol. 13, No. 52 (Oct., 1898), pp. 667–671 Eagles, B., 2001. Anglo-Saxon presence and culture in Wiltshire c. AD 450-c. 675. In: Ellis, P D.;, ed. Roman Wiltshire and After. Papers in Honour of Ken Annable. Wiltshire Archaeological Society, pp. 199-233. p. 204 Hills, C. (2003), Origins of the English, London: Duckworth, p. 105 Sisam, Kenneth, "Anglo-Saxon Royal Genealogies", Proceedings of the British Academy, vol. 39, pp. 287–348 (1953) Myres, J. N. L. (1989). The English Settlements. Oxford University Press, pp. 146–147 Myres, Chapter 6 – for all preceding comment. Grosjean, P., Analecta Bollandiana, 1957. Hagiographie Celtique pp. 158–226. Nicholl, D. (1958) Celts, Romans and Saxons, Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, Vol. 47, No. 187 (Autumn 1958), p. 300 British History Online, Victoria County History, North Charford with South Charford Sir Charles Oman (Oman, England Before the Conquest, 1910:244) found the Wessex annals in the Chronicle "meagre and inexplicable", "confused and suspicious"; Oman's speculation that events in the annals had been duplicated was taken up in detail by Kenneth Harrison (Harrison, "Early Wessex Annals in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" The English Historical Review 86 No. 340 (July 1971:527–533). Fletcher, Richard (1989). Who's Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England. Shepheard-Walwyn. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-85683-089-5. Hunter Blair, Peter (1960). An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge University Press. pp. 34–35. Campbell, John; John, Eric; Wormald, Patrick (1991). The Anglo-Saxons. Penguin Books. p. 26. ISBN 0-14-014395-5. Reno, Frank (2011). Arthurian Figures of History and Legend: A Biographical Dictionary. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 83. ISBN 9780786444205.
   
9. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Cerdic Saxony -
   Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3243695014
   
10. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "King" Cerdic, of Wessex (King of Wessex) - birth: about 0467;
    Author: Walter Lane report
    Note: birth: about 0467; Source Media Type: Other death: 0534; England, United Kingdom Source Media Type: Other Source Media Type: Other
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2889041583
    
11. Title: Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms Saxons & Jutes of Southern England - West Seaxe (West Saxons / Wessex) - The History Files
    Publication: Name: https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsBritain/EnglandWessex.htm;
    Note: The West Saxons formed one of the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England - in fact it was their kingdom that formed the basis of a single, united English kingdom in the mid-tenth century. However, their beginnings are shrouded in mystery, seemingly formed out of two separate stories that were combined by later generations to make them look better. In very simple terms, the Gewissae (a Saxon tribe descended from Gewis of Baeldaeg's Folk), are claimed as having landed on the south coast where they began to carve out an area of settlement for themselves. This was traditionally in AD 495, and this band of Saxons was led by Cerdic, whose mother (and name) were British. This straightforward version of events appears to be the result of a traditional form of story telling that covers a more interesting and intricate story. It's rare to have a story of conquest that begins so long before the main participants in the story - the West Saxons - are brought into the story, the gap being between AD 495-519 during which time Cerdic appears to be establishing his own power base. It has been suggested that Cerdic headed a British power bloc which, with Germanic mercenaries or help that was related to him through intermarriage to Jutes or Saxons, staged a takeover and was able to set up a viable Brito-Saxon kingdom. Scholar K Sisam points out (in Anglo-Saxon Royal Genealogies, 1953) that Cerdic's pedigree has no independent authority. It has been put together from that of the Bernician kings and his real ancestry is unknown. He evidently could not claim descent from any Germanic family of importance. This seems to strengthen the possibility of him having position and/or power within Romano-British society. Even the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (ASC) describes him and his 'son', Cynric, as ealdormen, a term normally used in ninth century England for someone who was a prominent official having authority, both civil and military, over a specific territory forming part of a kingdom. FeatureIt is interesting to note that the date of Cerdic's proposed takeover is very close to the approximate date of the heavy Saxon defeat at Mons Badonicus, circa 496. Could Cerdic have spotted the power vacuum that occurred with the loss of the Bretwalda's power and been in a position to take advantage of it? Given that, and the ASC's description of his rank, it is tempting to think that Cerdic was the head of a partly British noble family with extensive territorial interests along the western end of the Saxon Shore who may have been entrusted with its defence in the last days of sub-Roman authority. Once that authority had faded, he could have decided to go further and assume total authority in the region. The ASC suggests that when Cerdic 'landed' in 495 (ie. decided to take over), a Saxon settlement existed around Cerdicesora and that Cerdic, 'within about six years of [his] coming... overcame the West Saxon kingdom' (between 495-501) (ASC. mnsrpt. A Parker Chron). Whether or not the above theory is accepted, this took place at about the same time as the Saxons in southern Britain were defeated at Mons Badonicus. This could mean that Cerdic overcame the local territory and its British occupants, but is more likely an indication that the earlier Saxon and Jutish (mercenary) settlements around Southampton Water (neighbouring the Meonware to the immediate east) were bent to Cerdic's cause. These Jutish settlements had probably existed for thirty or so years, and very likely had mingled with some Saxons who had been settled by the Romans in return for defending the Saxon Shore, plus some communities which may have migrated westwards from the earliest days of settlement by the Suth Seaxe. The lack of archaeological evidence in the area that is specifically German supports the idea that the kingdom was formed from elements that had already been partially absorbed into British culture. This mixing of various peoples is also noted amongst the Belgae on the Continent in the first century BC. Several tribes there are sometimes thought by scholars to be Germanic, although much of the evidence seems to suggest that they were either Belgic Celts, or were ruled by a Belgic nobility. The idea of the Belgae being a mix of Germans and Celts to some extent is firmly stated as being reported to Julius Caesar by the locals. It is a model that could also provide the basis for the foundation of Wessex: local Belgae, who were perhaps already semi-German, fusing with German foederati in late Roman Britain and then with Saxons to form the population of the new kingdom, people who were sometimes known as the Gewissae (and also later as the Hwicce). Geoffrey Tobin suggests that the 'landing' of 495 be taken literally. The Encyclopaedia of Earth states 'Tidal streams in the eastern English Channel and [around the] Channel Islands area [are] generally anti-clockwise, whilst the western entrance of the Channel has a clockwise tidal circulation [that is] wedded to the Celtic Sea'. Visualising this, one can expect frequent landings in Hampshire from both Brittany and Flanders by skirting the English coast, and return journeys to the Cotentin peninsula then passing along the coasts of Brittany and France. Cerdic may have taken one of these routes while the Saxons took the other. If the strong states of Domnonia and Dumnonia were one kingdom in the fifth century, and Cerdic were an ambitious noble, perhaps a fractious younger brother of the magistrate or ruler of this region, this would explain his actions in landing near Southampton (as Bretons later often did) and taking on the loyalist Natanleod (in 508). Having established a beach-head, it would reflect the times for him to have forged alliances with rebellious Britons, immigrant Saxons, and hybrid groups who needed a seasoned battle leader. FeatureAs for the Gewissae in Cerdic's story, it seems likely that Gewis could have been a Thames Valley Saxon leader whose pedigree was later attached to Cerdic to give him a degree of legitimacy in the eyes of rival Anglo-Saxon kings. Whatever the politics of the situation in the Thames Valley and the West Saxon heartland of Hampshire, by AD 519, Cerdic had fully secured control of his territory and was proclaimed king of the West Seaxe. (Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information by Geoffrey Tobin, and on eighth century Wessex by Mick Baker, and from The Oxford History of England: The English Settlements, J N L Meyers, from The Oxford History of England: Anglo-Saxon England, Sir Frank Stenton, from Wessex, Barbara Yorke, from Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Bede, from the Oxford Online Dictionary of National Biography: Cenwalh, Barbara Yorke (2004), from The Earliest English Kings, D P Kirby (1992), from Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England, Barbara Yorke, from the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales, John Marius Wilson (1870-1872), from Making Anglo-Saxon Devon: Exeter, Robert Higham (2008), from the BBC series, King Alfred and the Anglo-Saxons, first broadcast from 6 August 2013, from the Annales Cambriae, James Ingram (taken from the Harleian manuscript, the earliest surviving version, London, Everyman Press, 1912), from The Peterborough Chronicle (the E Manuscript version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle), and from External Links: Encyclopaedia of Earth and the Megalithic Portal, and Early Christian to medieval settlement and cemetery (Historic England).) 495 According to tradition, Cerdic and his (young) son Cynric, together with Saxon and possibly some Jutish companions, land in five ships on the south coast at Cerdices ora (Cerdic's Shore, possibly the western side of the Solent), and begin a takeover of the local Jutish, Saxon and sub-Roman territories. The Jutes and Saxons who are already settled there are apparently already referring to themselves as the West Seaxe (possibly separate from the Meonware to the east). 519 After defeating Britons at Cerdices ford (perhaps Charford on the River Avon about ten kilometres south of Salisbury, Cerdic is declared king of the West Seaxe. Cynric is variously described as his son or grandson in different versions of the West Saxon genealogy. Creoda appears between him and Cerdic in the pedigree of Ine of Wessex and some texts that use it, such as Asser and the Chronicle entry for 855. No incident involving him is noted in the annals but his name may survive in a minor Wiltshire place name, Creodanhyll. Theoretically, Creoda could be Cerdic's son, and Cynric his son, or even a much younger brother. If it is assumed that Cynric is very young in 495, perhaps no more than ten years old, then the length of his involvement in West Saxon affairs is not quite so unbelievable. Perhaps also Creoda is illegitimate, a factor frequently likely to see an elder son sidelined in favour of a younger, legitimate one. (There are two other early Creodas, one of the Iclingas c.580 who is clearly different, and one of the Lindisware c.500 who is harder to distinguish as being entirely separate.) 534 Cerdic is buried (according to tradition) at Cerdicesbeorg, a former barrow at Stoke near Hurstbourne that is recorded in an eleventh century charter. Wihtgar, who had arrived in AD 514, claims the kingship of the Jutish Isle of Wight. The location of Cerdic's burial suggests he has been involved in some operations at the eastern end of the Wansdyke, where it terminates adjacent to the Roman road from Winchester (capital of the proposed Caer Gwinntguic). In 534 that location seems to be within the north-eastern borders of Caer Celemion, close to Caer Ceri's southern border and within touching distance of the Thames Valley Saxons and their Ciltern Saetan neighbours at their westernmost limits.
    
12. Title: Cerdic Cerdicing, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:731Y-C93Z : 9 August 2020), Cerdic Cerdicing, ; Burial, Hurstbourne Tarrant, Test Valley Borough, Hampshire, England, Cerdicesbeorg; citing record ID 194208824, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:731Y-C93Z;
    
13. Title: Wikiwand: Cerdic of Wessex
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cerdic_of_Wessex;
    Note: Cerdic (/ˈtʃɜːrdɪtʃ/; Latin: Cerdicus) is cited in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as a leader of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, being the founder and first king of Saxon Wessex, reigning from 519 to 534 AD. Subsequent kings of Wessex all had some level of descent claimed in the Chronicle from Cerdic. (See House of Wessex family tree.) His origin, ethnicity, and even identity have been extensively disputed. Life According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic landed in what is today Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in five ships. He is said to have fought a Brittonic king named Natanleod at Natanleaga and killed him thirteen years later (in 508) and to have fought at Cerdicesleag in 519. Natanleaga is commonly identified as Netley Marsh in Hampshire and Cerdicesleag as Charford (Cerdic's Ford). The conquest of the Isle of Wight is also mentioned among his campaigns, and it was later given to his kinsmen, Stuf and Wihtgar (who had supposedly arrived with the West Saxons in 514). Cerdic is said to have died in 534 and was succeeded by his son Cynric or possibly Creoda of Wessex. The early history of Wessex in the Chronicle has been considered unreliable, with duplicate reports of events and seemingly contradictory information. David Dumville has suggested that Cerdic's true regnal dates are 538–554. Some scholars suggest that Cerdic was the Saxon leader defeated by the Britons at the Battle of Mount Badon, which was probably fought in 490 (and possibly later, but not later than 518). This cannot be the case if Dumville is correct, and others assign this battle to Ælle or another Saxon leader, so it appears likely that the origins of the kingdom of Wessex are more complex than the version provided by the surviving traditions. Some scholars have gone so far as to suggest that Cerdic is purely a legendary figure, but this is a minority view. The earliest source for Cerdic, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, was put together in the late ninth century; though it probably does record the extant tradition of the founding of Wessex, the intervening four hundred years mean that the account cannot be assumed to be accurate. Descent from Cerdic became a necessary criterion for later kings of Wessex, and Egbert of Wessex, progenitor of the English royal house and subsequent rulers of England and Britain, claimed him as an ancestor. Origins The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle provides a pedigree tracing Cerdic's ancestry back to Wōden and the antediluvian patriarchs. Kenneth Sisam has shown that this pedigree resulted from a process of elaboration upon a root pedigree borrowed from the kings of Bernicia, and hence prior to Cerdic himself it has no historical basis. Curiously, the name Cerdic is thought by most scholars to be Brittonic – a form of the name Ceretic – rather than Germanic in origin. According to the Brittonic origin hypothesis, Cerdic is derived from the British name *Caratīcos or *Corotīcos. This may indicate that Cerdic was a native Briton, and that his dynasty became Anglicised over time. This view is supported by the potentially non-Germanic names of some of his descendants including Ceawlin, Cedda and Caedwalla. Cerdic's father, Elesa, has been identified by some scholars with the Romano-Briton Elasius, the "chief of the region", met by Germanus of Auxerre. J.N.L. Myres noted that when Cerdic and Cynric first appear in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in s.a. 495 they are described as ealdormen, which at that point in time was a fairly junior rank. Myres remarks that, It is thus odd to find it used here to describe the leaders of what purports to be an independent band of invaders, whose origins and authority are not otherwise specified. It looks very much as if a hint is being conveyed that Cerdic and his people owed their standing to having been already concerned with administrative affairs under Roman authority on this part of the Saxon Shore. Furthermore, it is not until s.a. 519 that Cerdic and Cynric are recorded as "beginning to reign," suggesting that they ceased being dependent vassals or ealdormen and became independent kings in their own right. Summing up, Myres believed that, It is thus possible ... to think of Cerdic as the head of a partly British noble family with extensive territorial interests at the western end of the Litus Saxonicum. As such he may well have been entrusted in the last days of Roman, or sub-Roman authority with its defence. He would then be what in later Anglo-Saxon terminology could be described as an ealdorman. ... If such a dominant native family as that of Cerdic had already developed blood-relationships with existing Saxon and Jutish settlers at this end of the Saxon Shore, it could very well be tempted, once effective Roman authority had faded, to go further. It might have taken matters into its own hands and after eliminating any surviving pockets of resistance by competing British chieftains, such as the mysterious Natanleod of annal 508, it could 'begin to reign' without recognizing in future any superior authority.
    
14. Title: English Monarchs: Cerdic, King of Wessex
    Publication: Name: http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/saxon_22.html;
    Note: Cerdic was the first king of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex who reigned from 519 to 534, and the ancestor of all the subsequent Anglo-Saxon Kings of England. The Anglo-Saxons were partly descended from the Germanic tribes who migrated from Europe and settled the south and east of England at the beginning in the early fifth century. Bede states that the West-Saxons were "formerly called Gewissæ." The Gewissae (a Saxon tribe descended from Gewis of Baeldaeg's Folk), landed on the south coast of England and began to conquer an area of territory from the native British Celts. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, commissioned by Cerdic's descendant, Alfred the Great, relates that Cerdic landed at Cerdic's Shore, in Hampshire (possibly the western side of the Solent) in the year 495, he was then described as an ealdorman and was accompanied by his young son Cynric, together with Saxon and possibly some Jutish companions, brought over to England in five keels (ships) - `In the year that was past from the birth of Christ 494, then Cedric and Cynric his son landed at Cerdices ora [Cerdic's ore] from five ships And they fought with the Welsh the same day.' Cerdic (and later his son Cynric) begin the conquest of the area now known as Wiltshire. The Wiltsaete (or Wilsaetas, Saxons of Wiltshire), migrated into the same territory, either independently as a result of the decaying British defensive situation or as part of Cerdic's invasion. He fought Natanleod, a British Celtic ruler at Natan leag (Netley Marsh) in Hampshire and killed him. Thirteen years later (in 508) he later fought at Cerdicesleag (Charford, Cerdic's Ford) in 519. Following this conquest he was crowned as king of the West Seaxe, the first king of Wessex, at Winchester in 532. His conquest took place at around the same time as the Saxons in southern Britain were soundly defeated at Mons Badonicus or Mount Badon. This could mean that Cerdic overcame the local territory and its British occupants, but is more likely an indication that the earlier Saxon and Jutish (Ytene) settlements around Southampton Water (neighbouring the Meonware to the immediate east) were allied to Cerdic's cause. Cerdic also conquered the Isle of Wight (then known by the Celtic name of Ynys Weith), the island was later granted to his kinsmen, Stuf and Wihtgar, who were said to have arrived in England with the West Saxons in 514. While Cerdic's area of operation was, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in the area north of Southampton, there is archaeological evidence of early Anglo-Saxon activity in the area around Dorchester-on-Thames. This is the later location of the first West Saxon bishopric, in the first half of the seventh century, so it appears likely that the origins of the kingdom of Wessex are more complex than the version provided by the surviving traditions. Cerdic was succeeded by his son Cynric. Descent from Cerdic became a necessary criterion for the later Saxon kings of Wessex, and Egbert of Wessex, progenitor of the English royal house and subsequent rulers of England and Britain, claimed him as their ancestor. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records an exalted pedigree tracing Cerdic's ancestry back to the great Woden himself, however the pedigree resulted from a process of elaboration upon a pedigree borrowed from the Anglian kings of Bernicia, and therefore prior to Cerdic himself it has no historical basis and his real ancestry is not known with certainty. The name Cerdic is thought to be Brythonic Celtic, a form of the name Ceretic or Caradog, Caratacus in its Latin form. This may indicate that Cerdic was a native Briton, and that his dynasty became Anglicised over time. Cerdic of Wessex is sometimes identified with the contemporary Prince of Gwent, Cerdic, son of Eliseg, who descended in the direct male line from the famous first century Celtic patriot king, Caractacus, who fought the Roman invaders.. This theory is supported by the non-Germanic names of some of his descendants including Ceawlin, Cedda and Caedwalla. Elesa, thought to have been Cerdic's father, has been identified by some scholars with the Romano-Briton Elasius, the "chief of the region", met by Germanus of Auxerre. As Cerdic is reported to have landed in Hampshire, some argue that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle proves that Cerdic was indeed a Saxon, some scholars believe it likely that his mother was a British Celt who left for the Continent. J.N.L. Myres theorised :- It is thus possible to think of Cerdic as the head of a partly British noble family with extensive territorial interests at the western end of the Litus Saxonicum. As such he may well have been entrusted in the last days of Roman, or sub-Roman authority with its defence. He would then be what in later Anglo-Saxon terminology could be described as an ealdorman. . If such a dominant native family as that of Cerdic had already developed blood-relationships with existing Saxon and Jutish settlers at this end of the Saxon Shore, it could very well be tempted, once effective Roman authority had faded, to go further. It might have taken matters into its own hands and after eliminating any surviving pockets of resistance by competing British chieftains, such as the mysterious Natanleod of annal 508, it could 'begin to reign' without recognizing in future any superior authority.' Cerdic died in 534, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle relates 'This year died Cerdic, the first king of the West-Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned afterwards twenty-six winters'. Tradition states that Cerdic was buried at Cerdicesbeorg, a former barrow at Stoke near Hurstbourne in the north west corner of Hampshire, which is mentioned in an eleventh century charter. Cynric suceeded him as King of Wessex from 534 to 560. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle states Cynric to have been the son of Cerdic, and also (in the regnal list in the preface) to have been the son of Cerdic's son, Creoda. His direct descendant, Egbert, in Old English Ecgbehrt, became the first King of all England, Egbert was born around 770-780 and was the son of Ealhmund, King of Kent, who is mentioned in a charter of 784. Copyright © 2004 - 2018 www.englishmonarchs.co.uk All rights reserved ® Scottish Monarchs
    
15. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Cerdic Saxony - Published information: birth: about 0467; Sachsen, Germany
    Note: Published information: birth: about 0467; Sachsen, Germany Published information: aka-name: Cerdic Ceredig of Wessex Published information: birth-name: Cerdic King of Wessex Published information: male Published information: death: 0534; England, United Kingdom
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2036922561
    
16. Title: History
    Author: BBC History
    Publication: Name: http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=alfred;
    Note: Information on his life and reign
    
17. Title: CERDIC (-[534]). - A. EARLY KINGS of WESSEX - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20AngloSaxon%20&%20Danish%20Kings.htm#_Toc389126256;
    Note: CERDIC (-[534]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "two princes, Cerdic and Cynric his son" landed in Britain in 495 at "Certicesora" and fought "against the Welsh" on the same day. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic and Cynric slew a Welsh king…Nazaleod" in 508. He installed himself as CERDIC King of the West Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric obtained the kingdom of the West Saxons." According to the chronicler Æthelweard, who translated an early version of the Anglo-Saxon chronicle into Latin in the late tenth century, Cerdic conquered his kingdom "by 500." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdicesford." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 527 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdiceslaeg" and in 530 captured the Isle of Wight. These extracts suggest that Cedric only controlled parts of present day Hampshire and south Wiltshire, from Southampton to Winchester and Salisbury. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 534 of "Cerdic." Roger of Wendover records the death in 533 of "Certic primus rex occidentalium Saxonum." Henry of Huntingdon records that "Certic primus rex Westsexe" ruled for eighteen years. 2. CREODA . According to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, Cynric was the son of Creoda, son of Cerdic. Creoda is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 3. CYNRIC (-[560]). The family relationship, if any, between Cerdic and Cynric is reported differently in different sources. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "two princes, Cerdic and Cynric his son" landed in Britain in 495 at "Certicesora" and fought "against the Welsh" on the same day. According to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, Cynric was the son of Creoda, son of Cerdic, although if this was correct it would be unlikely that the reports in the Chronicle of Cerdic and Cynric having operated together over nearly forty years were accurate. Creoda is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic and Cynric slew a Welsh king…Nazaleod" in 508. He ruled from [519] as CYNRIC King of the West Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric obtained the kingdom of the West Saxons." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdicesford." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 527 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdiceslaeg" and in 530 captured the Isle of Wight. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "his son Cynric" continued to reign for 26 years after the death of "Cerdic" in 534. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric" fought the Britons in 552 at "Searoburh" [Old Sarum]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric and Ceawlin" fought the Britons in 552 at "Beranburh" [Barbury castle]. The date of Cynric's death is based on the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle specifying that "Ceawlin obtained the kingdom of Wessex" in 560. Roger of Wendover records the death in 559 of "Kenricus rex occidentalium Saxonum." Henry of Huntingdon records that "Certic primus rex Westsexe…Kinric filius eius" ruled for twenty-six years. If these dates of all the events reported in this paragraph are correct, Cynric would have had what appears to be an impossibly long active career, which throws much of the information into doubt. One child: a) CUTHA [II] (-after 597). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names "Cutha son of Cynric" when recording the accession of the former’s son "Ceolwulf" in 597. [Two] children: i) [CEOL [Ceolric] (-597). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in 591 that "Ceol" ("Ceolric" in manuscript E) reigned five years. Florence of Worcester names "Ceol filius Cuthwlfi, fratris Regis Ceaulini" when recording his accession. William of Malmesbury also names Ceol as son of Cutha (who, from the context, is assumed to be the person named in the present document as Cutha [II]), but this relationship is shown in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle only in one addition to one manuscript which purports to state the ancestry of King Cynegils. He succeeded in 591 as CEOL King of Wessex. The date of his death is assumed from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recording that "Ceolwulf" began to reign in Wessex in 597. Ceol was allegedly the father of Cynegils King of Wessex: an addition in manuscript A of the Chronicle, under 611 notes that "that Cynegils was the son of Ceol, the son of Cutha, the son of Cynric"[1252], although it is not clear whether this was contemporary with the main part of the paragraph or a later addition. According to another part of the Chronicle, King Cynegils’s father was Cuthwine, supposedly son of King Ceawline: a later paragraph, under 688, outlining the descent of King Ine, says that "Cynegils" was the son of "Cuthwine, the son of Ceawlin, the son of Cynric." ii) CEOLWULF (-[611]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceolwulf…son of Cutha, son of Cynric…" began to reign in Wessex in 597, adding that he "ever fought and made war against the Angles…the Welsh…the Picts or…the Scots." William of Malmesbury names Ceolwulf as son of Cutha. He succeeded in 597 as CEOLWULF King of Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceolwulf fought against the South Saxons" in 607. The date of his death is assumed from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recording that "Cynegils succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex" in 611. Roger of Wendover records the death of "Ceolwulfo rege occidentalium Saxonum" in 610. The following two individuals were allegedly related to Cerdic and Cynric, although the precise relationship is not known. It should be noted that the sources quoted below do not specify that the two were brothers: 1. STUF. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "the West Saxons Stuf and Wihtgar" landed in 514 at "Certicesora." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic…and Cynric…gave the Isle of Wight to their two nefan Stuf and Wihtgar." 2. WIHTGAR (-544, bur Wihtgarabyrg). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "the West Saxons Stuf and Wihtgar" landed in 514 at "Certicesora." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic…and Cynric…gave the Isle of Wight to their two nefan Stuf and Wihtgar." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 544 of "Wihtgar" and his burial at "Wihtgaraburh." According to Asser, Stuf or Wihtgar were ancestors of Oslac, father of Osburgh, who was the first wife of Æthelwulf King of Wessex but the precise lineage is unknown.
    
18. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Cerdic -
    Author: Royalty for Commoners, 2nd Ed; Roderick W Stuart {1988}, Page number: 233-53
    Note: Source Media Type: Book
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736742394
    
19. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Cerdic -
    Author: Ancestral Roots of Certain Americian Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr, Page number: 1-1
    Note: Source Media Type: Book
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736741115
    
20. Title: "The History of the Kings of Britain" by Geoffrey of Monmouth
    Author: The history of the kings of Britain by Geoffrey of Monmouth, Bishop of St. Asaph Publication date 1987 Topics Arthur, -- King., Merlin (Prose romance), Legends, Celtic., Great Britain -- History -- To 449. Publisher Penguin Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks; china Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Internet Archive Language English Notes The seams of this book are too narrow to be scanned. Access-restricted-item true Addeddate 2013-08-22 15:50:31 Bookplateleaf 0002 Boxid IA1158305 City Harmondsworth Donor bostonpubliclibrary Edition Repr. External-identifier urn:asin:0140441700[Amazon] urn:oclc:record:1149497738[WorldCat (this item)] Extramarc Columbia University Libraries Foldoutcount 0 Identifier historyofkingsof00geof Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t21c61816
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/historyofkingsof00geof/page/161/mode/1up;
    Note: VI 13 VORTIGERN MARRIES RENWEIN Page l6l Let us invite my son Octa to come here, and his younger brother Ebissa, both of them distinguished warriors. Give them the lands which are in the northern parts of Britain, near to the Wall between Deira and Scotland. There they will withstand the onslaught of the barbarians, so that you yourself can live peacefully on this side of the Humber. Vortigern did what Hengist said and told the Saxons to invite anyone who they considered was strong enough to help him. Messengers set off. Octa and Ebissa arrived, and a man called Cherdic, too, with three hundred boats filled with a fully-equipped army. Vortigern received them all kindlily and rewarded them with lavish gifts. With their support he conquered his enemies and was victorious in every battle. INDEX Page 313 Cheneus map Coil, at Arthur’s plenary court in the City of the Legions, 227 Cherdic, a Saxon, companion of Octa and Ebissa, 161
    Page: Geoffrey of Monmouth identifies "Cherdic" as coming to Briton circa 446 along with Octa and Ebissa at the invitation of Vortigern to help defend the country from the "barbarians" Identifies Cherdic as a Saxon
    
21. Title: Cerdic in Cerdic of Wessex – the founder and first king of Saxon Wessex -World History Edu
    Publication: Name: https://www.worldhistoryedu.com/cerdic-of-wessex-the-founder-and-first-king-of-saxon-wessex/;
    Note: Reign – c. 519 – c. 534 Successor – Cynric or Creoda Died – 534 Issue – Cynric or Creoda House – Wessex Parents – Elessa and Isaive Wife – Guignier of Cornwall Founder of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex Cerdic was an Anglo-Saxon ruler most known as the founder and first king of Saxon Wessex (also known as the Kingdom of the West Saxons). According to The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic reigned from around 519 to 534. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which provides the history of Britain to as far back as the first century BC, is said to have been first written in the late 9th century AD around the reign of Alfred the Great (849-899). Historians would continue to update the chronicle until around the 12th century AD. Like many of the stories in The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic of Wessex’s story from the problem of scanty information, repetitions and in some cases outright contradictions. As a result, the story of Cerdic has been exposed to a lot of interesting embellishments as a means to fill the historical gaps. There aren’t much details about Cerdic’s birth and family history or his origin. What is emphatically clear is that many West Saxon kings venerated him as the founder of Wessex. King of the Gewissae It’s been said that Cerdic was known to his contemporaries as king of the Gewissae. The Gewisse were a group of Anglo-Saxon English tribes that were based in the upper Thames region, near Dorchester on Thames (in present day Oxfordshire). It must be noted that Cerdic of Wessex did not call himself king of the Saxons. Instead it was Cædwalla who first took the title of king of the Saxons. Cædwalla took this title following his conquest of the Jutish province and some parts of South Saxons. Cerdic’s name is considered a Brittonic name, which was probably derived from the name Coroticos. This would explain why many of his descendants had non-Germanic names, including Ceawlin and Cædwalla. Did you know: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle associates Cerdic of Wessex with Woden (the Norse god Odin)? Reign In the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic arrived in present day South East England around 495. He was accompanied by his son Cynric in five ships. Upon arriving on the shores of the English Channel, Cerdic waged war against a Brittonic king (in some cases, it was rather a Welsh king) called Natanleod. Cerdic and his son Cynric defeated and killed Natanloed along with several thousands of his men in 508. Some accounts state that the battle took place at Natanleaga (what is today Netley Marsh in Hampshire). Cerdic is also said to have conquered territories in the Isle of Wight in 530. Those territories were later bestowed upon Cerdic’s kinsmen Wihtgar and Stuf. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cerdic’s reign ended in 534, the year that he died. He was succeeded to the throne by his son Cynric. In a different account, however, Cynric was rather the grandson of Cerdic. In the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, Croeda was Cerdic’s heir and son. That will make Croeda the father of Cynric. There have been some accounts that state Cerdic’s reign spanned from 538 to 554. It’s also been stated Cerdic was perhaps the Saxon leader who suffered a defeat at the hands of the Britons in the Battle of Mount Badon, which was fought around the last decade of the 5th century. Cerdic and King Arthur Due to lack of many details on the origin, family and reign of Cerdic, there have been some scholars that have questioned whether Cerdic even existed, with some claiming that the founder of Wessex was an entirely legendary figure. This will explain why some accounts state that Cerdic waged war against King Arthur, another legendary figure in British history. On the other hand, there are some historians that state Cerdic received the territory of Wessex from King Arthur. Alternatively, some historians go as far saying that the King Arthur and Cerdic were the one historical figure. More on King Cerdic There aren’t much details about Cerdic; however, if the accounts in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles are true, then Cerdic is the ancestor of all rulers of England and Britain, except Canute, Hardecanute, the two Harolds, and William the Conqueror. Also, the absence of details about the life, reign and military campaigns of Cerdic created a situation where later writers and historians have filled the gaps with a lot of interpretations, some of them which have no basis in history. There Much of what we know about Cerdic comes from The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (9th-12th centuries AD). Historians Nennius (9th century AD) and Geoffrey of Monmouth (12th century AD) also provide some bit of information about the Wessex king. To some historians, Cerdic was a British earl who was forced out of his region and had to settle in Brittany. He would then return to his homeland as mighty leader of a Saxon army. The Kingdom of the West Saxons Existing from the 6th century to the 10th century, the Kingdom of the West Saxons was said to be a very powerful and influential kingdom. It could boast of mighty kings like Alfred the Great and Æthelstan. Often times, the Kingdom of the West Saxons had to contend with bitter and brutal invasions by Viking hordes. By the end of Æthelstan’s reign in 939, many of those Viking raids had been quelled and the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England were united under one banner. As a result, Æthelstan is considered by many as the last king of Wessex and the first king of England. To affirm their legitimacy, kings of Wessex always claimed descent from Cerdic.
    
22. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Cerdic Of The W.Saxons *Saxon Earldorman - Founder:
    Author: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, Frederick Lewis Weis, Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc of Baltimore. 1979. 5th Edition. Weld County Library Ged 929.2 Greeley, Colorado. (Cente, Page number: Weis Line 1 page 1.
    Note: Founder:
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2737222978
    
23. Title: Wikiwand: Cerdic of Wessex
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cerdic_of_Wessex;
    
24. Title: Parents of Cerdic in "Cerdic" World History Encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.worldhistory.org/Cerdic/;
    Note: The evidence, they point out, speaks for itself once one realizes that Cerdic is identical to the Welsh hero Caradoc Vreichvras (also known as Caradoc Breifbras in the Arthurian legends). To cite only a few of the comparisons they make: "Arthur" and "Vreichvras" both mean "strong arm"; both are associated with Wessex and, especially, Winchester; both are illegitimate sons; both dominate the region later known as Wessex c. 500 CE; Arthur is the son of Uther and Igerna while Cerdic is the son of Elessa and Isaive; and Arthur marries Guinevere of Cornwall, Cerdic marries Guignier of Cornwall. All of these similarities, it is claimed, prove Arthur and Cerdic to be one historical figure whose exploits were so notable that they were mythologized by later writers as the Arthurian Legends, which were finally collected, edited, and substantially expanded upon by Sir Thomas Malory in the 15th century CE.
    Page: Identifies Elessa and Isaive as the parents of Cerdic. And Guignier of Cornwall as the wife of Cerdic.
    
25. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Cerdic -
    Author: #6990
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2036700748
    
26. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Crioda (Cerdic) K of West Saxons -
    Author: Royal Index, University of Hull, England, Internet, Internet, www.dcs.hull.ac.uk
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2332880681
    
27. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: CERDIC (-[534])
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20AngloSaxon%20&%20Danish%20Kings.htm#_ftnref1222;
    Note: CERDIC (-[534]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "two princes, Cerdic and Cynric his son" landed in Britain in 495 at "Certicesora" and fought "against the Welsh" on the same day. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic and Cynric slew a Welsh king…Nazaleod" in 508. He installed himself as CERDIC King of the West Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric obtained the kingdom of the West Saxons." According to the chronicler Æthelweard, who translated an early version of the Anglo-Saxon chronicle into Latin in the late tenth century, Cerdic conquered his kingdom "by 500." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdicesford." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 527 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdiceslaeg" and in 530 captured the Isle of Wight. These extracts suggest that Cedric only controlled parts of present day Hampshire and south Wiltshire, from Southampton to Winchester and Salisbury. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 534 of "Cerdic." Roger of Wendover records the death in 533 of "Certic primus rex occidentalium Saxonum." Henry of Huntingdon records that "Certic primus rex Westsexe" ruled for eighteen years. 2. CREODA . According to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, Cynric was the son of Creoda, son of Cerdic. Creoda is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 3. CYNRIC (-[560]). The family relationship, if any, between Cerdic and Cynric is reported differently in different sources. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "two princes, Cerdic and Cynric his son" landed in Britain in 495 at "Certicesora" and fought "against the Welsh" on the same day. According to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List, Cynric was the son of Creoda, son of Cerdic, although if this was correct it would be unlikely that the reports in the Chronicle of Cerdic and Cynric having operated together over nearly forty years were accurate. Creoda is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic and Cynric slew a Welsh king…Nazaleod" in 508. He ruled from [519] as CYNRIC King of the West Saxons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric obtained the kingdom of the West Saxons." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 519 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdicesford." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 527 "Cerdic and Cynric" fought "the Britons" at "Cerdiceslaeg" and in 530 captured the Isle of Wight. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "his son Cynric" continued to reign for 26 years after the death of "Cerdic" in 534. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric" fought the Britons in 552 at "Searoburh" [Old Sarum]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cynric and Ceawlin" fought the Britons in 552 at "Beranburh" [Barbury castle]. The date of Cynric's death is based on the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle specifying that "Ceawlin obtained the kingdom of Wessex" in 560. Roger of Wendover records the death in 559 of "Kenricus rex occidentalium Saxonum." Henry of Huntingdon records that "Certic primus rex Westsexe…Kinric filius eius" ruled for twenty-six years. If these dates of all the events reported in this paragraph are correct, Cynric would have had what appears to be an impossibly long active career, which throws much of the information into doubt. One child: a) CUTHA [II] (-after 597). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle names "Cutha son of Cynric" when recording the accession of the former’s son "Ceolwulf" in 597. [Two] children: i) [CEOL [Ceolric] (-597). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in 591 that "Ceol" ("Ceolric" in manuscript E) reigned five years. Florence of Worcester names "Ceol filius Cuthwlfi, fratris Regis Ceaulini" when recording his accession. William of Malmesbury also names Ceol as son of Cutha (who, from the context, is assumed to be the person named in the present document as Cutha [II]), but this relationship is shown in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle only in one addition to one manuscript which purports to state the ancestry of King Cynegils. He succeeded in 591 as CEOL King of Wessex. The date of his death is assumed from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recording that "Ceolwulf" began to reign in Wessex in 597. Ceol was allegedly the father of Cynegils King of Wessex: an addition in manuscript A of the Chronicle, under 611 notes that "that Cynegils was the son of Ceol, the son of Cutha, the son of Cynric"[1252], although it is not clear whether this was contemporary with the main part of the paragraph or a later addition. According to another part of the Chronicle, King Cynegils’s father was Cuthwine, supposedly son of King Ceawline: a later paragraph, under 688, outlining the descent of King Ine, says that "Cynegils" was the son of "Cuthwine, the son of Ceawlin, the son of Cynric." ii) CEOLWULF (-[611]). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceolwulf…son of Cutha, son of Cynric…" began to reign in Wessex in 597, adding that he "ever fought and made war against the Angles…the Welsh…the Picts or…the Scots." William of Malmesbury names Ceolwulf as son of Cutha. He succeeded in 597 as CEOLWULF King of Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Ceolwulf fought against the South Saxons" in 607. The date of his death is assumed from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recording that "Cynegils succeeded to the kingdom of Wessex" in 611. Roger of Wendover records the death of "Ceolwulfo rege occidentalium Saxonum" in 610. The following two individuals were allegedly related to Cerdic and Cynric, although the precise relationship is not known. It should be noted that the sources quoted below do not specify that the two were brothers: 1. STUF. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "the West Saxons Stuf and Wihtgar" landed in 514 at "Certicesora." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic…and Cynric…gave the Isle of Wight to their two nefan Stuf and Wihtgar." 2. WIHTGAR (-544, bur Wihtgarabyrg). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "the West Saxons Stuf and Wihtgar" landed in 514 at "Certicesora." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that "Cerdic…and Cynric…gave the Isle of Wight to their two nefan Stuf and Wihtgar." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death in 544 of "Wihtgar" and his burial at "Wihtgaraburh." According to Asser, Stuf or Wihtgar were ancestors of Oslac, father of Osburgh, who was the first wife of Æthelwulf King of Wessex but the precise lineage is unknown.
    
28. Title: "The Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar: With Copious Notes Illustrating the Structure of the Saxon and the Formation of the English Language . . .," by Joseph Bosworth
    Author: Full Title: "The Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar: With Copious Notes Illustrating the Structure of the Saxon and the Formation of the English Language : and a Grammatical Praxis with a Literal English Version : to which are Prefixed, Remarks on the History and Use of the Anglo-Saxon, and an Introduction, on the Origin and Progress of Alphabetic Writing, with Critical Remarks," by Joseph Bosworth
    Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=F7sVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA277#v=onepage&q=cerdic&f=false;
    Note: Harding, Mavor, and Lepard, 1823
    
29. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Cerdic -
    Author: Dictionary of National Biography, George Smith, Oxford Press, Vols 1-21 (Orignially published 1885-90),Ed by Sir Leslie S, Page number: III:1336-1337
    Note: Source Media Type: Book
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736742373
    
30. Title: Asser's life of King Alfred by Asser, John, d. 909; Cook, Albert S. (Albert Stanburrough), 1853-1927
    Author: https://archive.org/details/asserslifeofking00asseiala/page/1/mode/1up
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/asserslifeofking00asseiala/page/1/mode/1up;
    Note: Biography of the Life of King Alfred, written during his lifetime by Alfred's own court biographer, Asser. Page 1 1. Alfred's Birth and Genealogy. — In the year of our Lord's incarnation 849, Alfred, King of the Anglo-Saxons, was born at the royal vill of Wantage, in Berkshire (which receives its name from Berroc Wood, where the box- tree grows very abundantly). His genealogy is traced in the following order: King Alfred was the son of King Æthelwulf; he of Egbert; he of Ealhmund; he of Eafa; he of Eoppa; he of Ingild. Ingild and Ine, the famous king of the West Saxons, were two brothers. Ine went to Rome, and there ending the present life honorably, entered into the heavenly fatherland to reign with Christ. Ingild and Ine were the sons of Coenred; he of Ceolwald; he of Cutha; he of Cuthwine; he of Ceawlin; he of Cynric; he of Creoda; he of Cerdic; he of Elesa; he of Gewis, from whom the Welsh name all that people Gegwis ; he of Wig; he of Freawine; he of Freothegar; Page 2 he of Brond; he of Beldeag; he of Woden; he of Frithowald; he of Frealaf; he of Frithuwulf; he of Finn; he of Godwulf; he of Geata, which Geta the heathen long worshiped as a god. This Geata was the son of Tætwa; he of Beaw; he of Sceldwea; he of Heremod; he of Itermod; he of Hathra; he of Hwala; he of Bedwig; he of Sceaf; he of Noah; he of Lamech; he of Methuselah; he of Enoch; he of Jared; he of Mahalalel; he of Kenan; he of Enosh; he of Seth; he of Adam.
    
31. Title: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Part 1: A.D. 1 - 748 Online Medieval and Classical Library Release #17
    Publication: Name: http://mcllibrary.org/Anglo/part1.html;
    Note: A.D. 495. This year came two leaders into Britain, Cerdic and Cynric his son, with five ships, at a place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And they fought with the Welsh the same day. Then he died, and his son Cynric succeeded to the government, and held it six and twenty winters. Then he died; and Ceawlin, his son, succeeded, who reigned seventeen years. Then he died; and Ceol succeeded to the government, and reigned five years. When he died, Ceolwulf, his brother, succeeded, and reigned seventeen years. Their kin goeth to Cerdic. Then succeeded Cynebils, Ceolwulf's brother's son, to the kingdom; and reigned one and thirty winters. And he first of West-Saxon kings received baptism. Then succeeded Cenwall, who was the son of Cynegils, and reigned one and thirty winters. Then held Sexburga, his queen, the government one year after him. Then succeeded Escwine to the kingdom, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and held it two years. Then succeeded Centwine, the son of Cynegils, to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, and reigned nine years. Then succeeded Ceadwall to the government, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and held it three years. Then succeeded Ina to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned thirty-seven winters. Then succeeded Ethelheard, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen years. Then succeeded Cuthred, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen winters. Then succeeded Sigebriht, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned one year. Then succeeded Cynwulf, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned one and thirty winters. Then succeeded Brihtric, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen years. Then succeeded Egbert to the kingdom, and held it seven and thirty winters, and seven months. Then succeeded Ethelwulf, his son, and reigned eighteen years and a half. Ethelwulf was the son of Egbert, Egbert of Ealmund, Ealmund of Eafa, Eafa of Eoppa, Eoppa of Ingild, Ingild of Cenred (Ina of Cenred, Cuthburga of Cenred, and Cwenburga of Cenred), Cenred of Ceolwald, Ceolwald of Cuthwulf, Cuthwulf of Cuthwine, Cuthwine of Celm, Celm of Cynric, Cynric of Creoda, Creoda of Cerdic. Then succeeded Ethelbald, the son of Ethelwulf, to the kingdom, and held it five years. Then succeeded Ethelbert, his brother, and reigned five years. Then succeeded Ethelred, his brother, to the kingdom, and held it five years. Then succeeded Alfred, their brother, to the government. And then had elapsed of his age three and twenty winters, and three hundred and ninety-six winters from the time when his kindred first gained the land of Wessex from the Welsh. And he held the kingdom a year and a half less than thirty winters. Then succeeded Edward, the son of Alfred, and reigned twenty-four winters. When he died, then succeeded Athelstan, his son, and reigned fourteen years and seven weeks and three days. Then succeeded Edmund, his brother, and reigned six years and a half, wanting two nights. Then succeeded Edred, his brother, and reigned nine years and six weeks. Then succeeded Edwy, the son of Edmund, and reigned three years and thirty-six weeks, wanting two days. When he died, then succeeded Edgar, his brother, and reigned sixteen years and eight weeks and two nights. When he died, then succeeded Edward, the son of Edgar, and reigned -- A.D. 508. This year Cerdic and Cynric slew a British king, whose name was Natanleod, and five thousand men with him. After this was the land named Netley, from him, as far as Charford. A.D. 514. This year came the West-Saxons into Britain, with three ships, at the place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And Stuff and Wihtgar fought with the Britons, and put them to flight. A.D. 519. This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook the government of the West-Saxons; the same year they fought with the Britons at a place now called Charford. From that day have reigned the children of the West-Saxon kings. A.D. 527. This year Cerdic and Cynric fought with the Britons in the place that is called Cerdic's-ley. A.D. 530. This year Cerdic and Cynric took the isle of Wight, and slew many men in Carisbrook. A.D. 534. This year died Cerdic, the first king of the West- Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned afterwards twenty-six winters. And they gave to their two nephews, Stuff and Wihtgar, the whole of the Isle of Wight.
    
32. Title: Geni: Cerdic, king of the West Saxons
    Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Cerdic-king-of-the-West-Saxons/6000000002142247689?through=6000000002142188519;
    Note: Cerdic Gender: Male Birth: 467 Saxony, Germany Death: 534 (67) Wessex, England Place of Burial: Hampshire, England, United Kingdom Immediate Family: Son of Elesa Father of Crioda, king of West Saxons Brother of Parent of Stuf and Whitgar Added by: Anders Helge Eriksson on February 3, 2007 Managed by: Sally Gene Cole and 357 others Curated by: Jason Scott Wills About English (default) history Cerdic is cited in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as a leader of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, being the founder and first king of Saxon Wessex, reigning from 519 to 534. Subsequent kings of Wessex all had some level of descent claimed in the Chronicle from Cerdic. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Whether or not Creola was father of Cynric is not certain. The Winchester Manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle lists Cynric as the son of Cerdic. However the Abingdon and Worcester Manuscripts have Creola as the son of Cerdic and father of Cynric. The Winchester (or Parker) Chronicle has Cynric, son of Cerdic , son of Elesa, son of Gewis, son of Wig, son of Freawine, son of Frithugar, son of Brand, son of Beldeg, son of Woden, son of Finn, son of Godwulf, son of Geats (‘’Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’’ (A) : The Winchester Manuscript, Cambridge, Corpus Christi College MS 173, ff.1-32). A.D. 508 . This year Cerdic and Cynric slew a British king, whose name was Natanleod, and five thousand men with him. After this was the land named Netley, from him, as far as Charford. A.D. 519 . This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook the government of the West-Saxons; the same year they fought with the Britons at a place now called Charford. From that day have reigned the children of the West-Saxon kings. A.D. 527 . This year Cerdic and Cynric fought with the Britons in the place that is called Cerdic's-ley. A.D. 530 . This year Cerdic and Cynric took the isle of Wight,and slew many men in Carisbrook. A.D. 534 . This year died Cerdic, the first king of the West-Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned afterwards twenty-six winters. And they gave to their two nephews, Stuff and Wihtgar, the whole of the Isle of Wight. http://www.britannia.com/history/docs/501-97.html
    
33. Title: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : Fifth Century
    Publication: Name: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/ang05.asp;
    Note: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Fifth Century A.D. 418. This year the Romans collected all the hoards of gold (14) that were in Britain; and some they hid in the earth, so that no man afterwards might find them, and some they carried away with them into Gaul. A.D. 423. This year Theodosius the younger succeeded to the empire. A.D. 429. This year Bishop Palladius was sent from Pope Celesrinus to the Scots, that he might establish their faith. A.D. 430. This year Patricius was sent from Pope Celestinus to preach baptism to the Scots. ((A.D. 430. This year Patrick was sent by Pope Celestine to preach baptism to the Scots.)) A.D. 435. This year the Goths sacked the city of Rome; and never since have the Romans reigned in Britain. This was about eleven hundred and ten winters after it was built. They reigned altogether in Britain four hundred and seventy winters since Gaius Julius first sought that land. A.D. 443. This year sent the Britons over sea to Rome, and begged assistance against the Picts; but they had none, for the Romans were at war with Atila, king of the Huns. Then sent they to the Angles, and requested the same from the nobles of that nation. A.D. 444. This year died St. Martin. A.D. 448. This year John the Baptist showed his head to two monks, who came from the eastern country to Jerusalem for the sake of prayer, in the place that whilom was the palace of Herod. (15) A.D. 449. This year Marcian and Valentinian assumed the empire, and reigned seven winters. In their days Hengest and Horsa, invited by Wurtgern, king of the Britons to his assistance, landed in Britain in a place that is called Ipwinesfleet; first of all to support the Britons, but they afterwards fought against them. The king directed them to fight against the Picts; and they did so; and obtained the victory wheresoever they came. They then sent to the Angles, and desired them to send more assistance. They described the worthlessness of the Britons, and the richness of the land. They then sent them greater support. Then came the men from three powers of Germany; the Old Saxons, the Angles, and the Jutes. From the Jutes are descended the men of Kent, the Wightwarians (that is, the tribe that now dwelleth in the Isle of Wight), and that kindred in Wessex that men yet call the kindred of the Jutes. From the Old Saxons came the people of Essex and Sussex and Wessex. From Anglia, which has ever since remained waste between the Jutes and the Saxons, came the East Angles, the Middle Angles, the Mercians, and all of those north of the Humber. Their leaders were two brothers, Hengest and Horsa; who were the sons of Wihtgils; Wihtgils was the son of Witta, Witta of Wecta, Wecta of Woden. From this Woden arose all our royal kindred, and that of the Southumbrians also. ((A.D. 449. And in their days Vortigern invited the Angles thither, and they came to Britain in three ceols, at the place called Wippidsfleet.)) A.D. 455. This year Hengest and Horsa fought with Wurtgern the king on the spot that is called Aylesford. His brother Horsa being there slain, Hengest afterwards took to the kingdom with his son Esc. A.D. 457. This year Hengest and Esc fought with the Britons on the spot that is called Crayford, and there slew four thousand men. The Britons then forsook the land of Kent, and in great consternation fled to London. A.D. 465. This year Hengest and Esc fought with the Welsh, nigh Wippedfleet; and there slew twelve leaders, all Welsh. On their side a thane was there slain, whose name was Wipped. A.D. 473. This year Hengest and Esc fought with the Welsh, and took immense Booty. And the Welsh fled from the English like fire. A.D. 477. This year came Ella to Britain, with his three sons, Cymen, and Wlenking, and Cissa, in three ships; landing at a place that is called Cymenshore. There they slew many of the Welsh; and some in flight they drove into the wood that is called Andred'sley. A.D. 482. This year the blessed Abbot Benedict shone in this world, by the splendour of those virtues which the blessed Gregory records in the book of Dialogues. A.D. 485. This year Ella fought with the Welsh nigh Mecred's- Burnsted. A.D. 488. This year Esc succeeded to the kingdom; and was king of the men of Kent twenty-four winters. A.D. 490. This year Ella and Cissa besieged the city of Andred, and slew all that were therein; nor was one Briten left there afterwards. A.D. 495. This year came two leaders into Britain, Cerdic and Cynric his son, with five ships, at a place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And they fought with the Welsh the same day. Then he died, and his son Cynric succeeded to the government, and held it six and twenty winters. Then he died; and Ceawlin, his son, succeeded, who reigned seventeen years. Then he died; and Ceol succeeded to the government, and reigned five years. When he died, Ceolwulf, his brother, succeeded, and reigned seventeen years. Their kin goeth to Cerdic. Then succeeded Cynebils, Ceolwulf's brother's son, to the kingdom; and reigned one and thirty winters. And he first of West-Saxon kings received baptism. Then succeeded Cenwall, who was the son of Cynegils, and reigned one and thirty winters. Then held Sexburga, his queen, the government one year after him. Then succeeded Escwine to the kingdom, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and held it two years. Then succeeded Centwine, the son of Cynegils, to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, and reigned nine years. Then succeeded Ceadwall to the government, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and held it three years. Then succeeded Ina to the kingdom of the West-Saxons, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned thirty-seven winters. Then succeeded Ethelheard, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen years. Then succeeded Cuthred, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen winters. Then succeeded Sigebriht, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned one year. Then succeeded Cynwulf, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned one and thirty winters. Then succeeded Brihtric, whose kin goeth to Cerdic, and reigned sixteen years. Then succeeded Egbert to the kingdom, and held it seven and thirty winters, and seven months. Then succeeded Ethelwulf, his son, and reigned eighteen years and a half. Ethelwulf was the son of Egbert, Egbert of Ealmund, Ealmund of Eafa, Eafa of Eoppa, Eoppa of Ingild, Ingild of Cenred (Ina of Cenred, Cuthburga of Cenred, and Cwenburga of Cenred), Cenred of Ceolwald, Ceolwald of Cuthwulf, Cuthwulf of Cuthwine, Cuthwine of Celm, Celm of Cynric, Cynric of Creoda, Creoda of Cerdic. Then succeeded Ethelbald, the son of Ethelwulf, to the kingdom, and held it five years. Then succeeded Ethelbert, his brother, and reigned five years. Then succeeded Ethelred, his brother, to the kingdom, and held it five years. Then succeeded Alfred, their brother, to the government. And then had elapsed of his age three and twenty winters, and three hundred and ninety-six winters from the time when his kindred first gained the land of Wessex from the Welsh. And he held the kingdom a year and a half less than thirty winters. Then succeeded Edward, the son of Alfred, and reigned twenty-four winters. When he died, then succeeded Athelstan, his son, and reigned fourteen years and seven weeks and three days. Then succeeded Edmund, his brother, and reigned six years and a half, wanting two nights. Then succeeded Edred, his brother, and reigned nine years and six weeks. Then succeeded Edwy, the son of Edmund, and reigned three years and thirty-six weeks, wanting two days. When he died, then succeeded Edgar, his brother, and reigned sixteen years and eight weeks and two nights. When he died, then succeeded Edward, the son of Edgar, and reigned -- Notes: (14) This is not to be understood strictly; gold being used as a general term for money or coin of every description; great quantities of which, it is well known, have been found at different times, and in many different places, in this island: not only of gold, but of silver, brass, copper, etc. Back (15) An interpolated legend, from the "Gesta Pontificum", repeated by Bede, Florence, Matth. West., Fordun, and others. The head was said to be carried to Edessa. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : Sixth Century A.D. 501. This year Porta and his two sons, Beda and Mela, came into Britain, with two ships, at a place called Portsmouth. They soon landed, and slew on the spot a young Briton of very high rank. A.D. 508. This year Cerdic and Cynric slew a British king, whose name was Natanleod, and five thousand men with him. After this was the land named Netley, from him, as far as Charford. A.D. 509. This year St. Benedict, the abbot, father of all the monks, (16) ascended to heaven. A.D. 514. This year came the West-Saxons into Britain, with three ships, at the place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And Stuff and Wihtgar fought with the Britons, and put them to flight. A.D. 519. This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook the government of the West-Saxons; the same year they fought with the Britons at a place now called Charford. From that day have reigned the children of the West-Saxon kings. A.D. 527. This year Cerdic and Cynric fought with the Britons in the place that is called Cerdic's-ley. A.D. 530. This year Cerdic and Cynric took the isle of Wight, and slew many men in Carisbrook. A.D. 534. This year died Cerdic, the first king of the West-Saxons. Cynric his son succeeded to the government, and reigned afterwards twenty-six winters. And they gave to their two nephews, Stuff and Wihtgar, the whole of the Isle of Wight. A.D. 538. This year the sun was eclipsed, fourteen days before the calends of March, from before morning until nine. A.D. 540. This year the sun was eclipsed on the twelfth day before the calends of July; and the stars showed themselves full nigh half an hour over nine. A.D. 544. This year died Wihtgar; and men buried him at Carisbrook.
    
34. Title: Cerdic King of Wessex
    Publication: Name: http://www.mathematical.com/cerdic.htm;