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Erc King of Dalrieda


Preferred Parents:
Father: Eochy Mynrevar,   d. BEF 439

Family 2: Mist ingen Muiredaig of Ireland ,    b. 412 in Ireland    d. 474 in Dál Riata, Argyll, Scotland
  1. Loarn mac Eirc, b. ABT 424 in Dalraida, Scotland     d. ABT 484
  2. Fergus Mór mac Eric of Ireland , b. 29 JUN 430 in Ireland     d. 12 OCT 501 in Scotland
Sources:
  1. Title: Wikiwand: High King of Ireland
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/High_King_of_Ireland;
    Note: The High Kings of Ireland (Irish: "Ard-Rí na hÉireann," Irish pronunciation: [ˈa:ɾˠd̪ˠˌɾˠiː n̪ˠə ˈheːrʲən̪ˠ]) were sometimes historical and sometimes legendary figures who had, or who are claimed to have had, lordship over the whole of the island of Ireland. Medieval and early modern Irish literature portrays an almost unbroken sequence of High Kings, ruling from the Hill of Tara over a hierarchy of lesser kings, stretching back thousands of years. Modern historians believe this scheme is artificial, constructed in the 8th century from the various genealogical traditions of politically powerful groups, and intended to justify the current status of those groups by projecting it back into the remote past. The concept of national kingship is first articulated in the 7th century, but only became a political reality in the Viking Age, and even then not a consistent one. While the High Kings' degree of control varied, they never ruled Ireland as a politically unified state, as the High King was conceived of as an overlord exercising suzerainty over, and receiving tribute from, the independent kingdoms beneath him. Sacred High Kings Early Irish kingship was sacred in character. In some early Irish sources, High Kings can gain their power through a marriage to, or sexual relationship with, a sovereignty goddess. The High King is free from blemish, enforces symbolic "buada" (prerogatives) and avoids symbolic "geasa" (taboos). According to 7th- and 8th-century law tracts, a hierarchy of kingship and clientship progressed from the "rí tuaithe" (king of a single petty kingdom) through the "ruiri" (a "rí" who was overking of several petty kingdoms) to a "rí ruirech" (a "rí" who was a provincial overking). (See Rí.) Each king ruled directly only within the bounds of his own petty kingdom and was responsible for ensuring good government by exercising "fír flaithemon" (rulers' truth). His responsibilities included convening its "óenach" (popular assembly), collecting taxes, building public works, external relations, defence, emergency legislation, law enforcement, and promulgating legal judgment. The lands in a petty kingdom were held allodially by various "fine" (agnatic kingroups) of freemen. The king occupied the apex of a pyramid of clientship within the petty kingdom. This pyramid progressed from the unfree population at its base up to the heads of noble "fine" held in immediate clientship by the king. Thus the king was drawn from the dominant "fine" within the "cenél" (a wider kingroup encompassing the noble "fine" of the petty kingdom). The kings of the Ulster Cycle are kings in this sacred sense, but it is clear that the old concept of kingship coexisted alongside Christianity for several generations. Diarmait mac Cerbaill, king of Tara in the middle of the 6th century, may have been the last king to have "married" the land. Diarmait died at the hands of Áed Dub mac Suibni; some accounts from the following century state that he died by the mythic Threefold death appropriate to a sacral king. Adomnán's "Life" tells how Saint Columba forecast the same death for Áed Dub. The same Threefold Death is said in a late poem to have befallen Diarmait's predecessor, Muirchertach macc Ercae, and even the usually reliable Annals of Ulster record Muirchertach's death by drowning in a vat of wine. A second sign that sacred kingship did not disappear with the arrival of Christianity is the supposed lawsuit between Congal Cáech, king of the Ulaid, and Domnall mac Áedo. Congal was supposedly blinded in one eye by Domnall's bees, from whence his byname Cáech (half-blind or squinting), this injury rendering him imperfect and unable to remain High King. The enmity between Domnall and Congal can more prosaically be laid at the door of the rivalry between the Uí Néill and the kings of Ulaid, but that a king had to be whole in body appears to have been accepted at this time. Succession order The business of Irish succession is rather complicated because of the nature of kingship in Ireland before the Norman take-over of 1171. Ireland was divided into a multiplicity of kingdoms, with some kings owing allegiance to others from time to time, and succession rules (insofar as they existed) varied. Kings were often succeeded by their sons, but often other branches of the dynasty took a turn—whether by agreement or by force of arms is rarely clear. Unfortunately the king-lists and other early sources reveal little about how and why a particular person became king. To add to the uncertainty, genealogies were often edited many generations later to improve an ancestor's standing within a kingdom, or to insert him into a more powerful kindred. The uncertain practices in local kingship cause similar problems when interpreting the succession to the high kingship. The High King of Ireland was essentially a ceremonial, pseudo-federal overlord (where his over-lordship was even recognised), who exercised actual power only within the realm of which he was actually king. In the case of the southern branch of the Uí Neill, this would have been the Kingdom of Meath (now the counties of Meath, Westmeath and part of County Dublin). High Kings from the northern branch ruled various kingdoms in what eventually became the province of Ulster. In 1002, the high kingship of Ireland was wrested from Mael Sechnaill II of the southern Uí Neill by "Brian 'Boruma' mac Cennédig" of the Kingdom of Munster. Some historians have called this a "usurpation" of the throne. Others have pointed out that no one had a strict legal right to the kingship and that Brian "had as much right to the high throne as any Uí Neill and... displayed an ability sadly lacking amongst most of the Uí Neill who had preceded him." Brian was killed in the Battle of Clontarf in 1014. Mael Sechnaill II was restored to the High Kingship but he died in 1022. From 1022 through the Norman take-over of 1171, the High Kingship was held alongside "Kings with Opposition." Early Christian High Kings Even at the time the law tracts were being written these petty kingdoms were being swept away by newly emerging dynasties of dynamic overkings. The most successful of these early dynasties were the Uí Néill (encompassing descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages such as the Cenel Eoghain) who as kings of Tara had been conquering petty kingdoms, expelling their rulers and agglomerating their territories under the direct rule of their expanding kindred since the fifth century. Gaelic and foreign, pagan and Christian ideas were comingled to form a new idea of Irish kingship. The native idea of a sacred kingship was integrated with the Christian idea in the ceremony of coronation, the relationship of king to overking became one of tigerna (lord) to king and imperium (sovereignty) began to merge with "dominium" (ownership). The Church was well disposed to the idea of a strong political authority. Its clerics developed the theory of a high kingship of Ireland and wrote tracts exhorting kings to rule rather than reign. In return the "paruchiae" (monastic federations) of the Irish church received royal patronage in the form of shrines, building works, land and protection. The concept of a high king was occasionally recorded in various annals, such as an entry regarding the death of Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid in 862 in the Annals of Ulster which lists him as "rí Érenn uile" (king of all Ireland), a title that his successor Aed Finliath apparently never was granted. It is unclear what political reality was behind this title. Later High Kings By the twelfth century the dual process of agglomeration of territory and consolidation of kingship saw the handful of remaining provincial kings abandoning the traditional royal sites for the cities, employing ministers and governors, receiving advice from an "oireacht" (a body of noble counselors), presiding at reforming synods and maintaining standing armies. Early royal succession had been by alternation between collateral branches of the wider dynasty but succession was now confined to a series of father/son, brother/brother and uncle/nephew successions within a small royal "fine" marked by an exclusive surname. These compact families (the Uí Briain of Munster, the Meic Lochlainn of the North, the Uí Conchobhair of Connacht) intermarried and competed against each other on a national basis so that on the eve of the Anglo-Norman incursion of 1169 the agglomeration/consolidation process was complete and their provincial kingdoms divided, dismembered and transformed into fiefdoms held from (or in rebellion against) one of their number acting as king of Ireland.
    Page: Ancestry
  2. Title: Eirc de Dalriada d'ÉCOSSE, ou Erc MacECHACH of DALRIADA
    Author: Geneanet
    Publication: Name: https://gw.geneanet.org/foullon?lang=en&pz=alessio+alain+heribert+debras+foullon+debras&nz=foullon+debras&m=P&v=eirc+de+dalriada+d+ecosse+ou+erc+macechach+of+dalriada;
  3. Title: Williams, Ronald, Lord of the Isles, The: The Clan Donald and the Early Kingdom of the Scots, Colonsay, Argyll, Scotland: House of Lochar (1997)
  4. Title: Annals of the Four Masters
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/annalsofkingdomo01ocleuoft/page/142/mode/2up;
  5. Title: The Tribe of Loarn
    Publication: Name: http://www.magma.ca/~mmackay/loarn.html;
    Note: The Tribe of Loarn (501 to 736) The system of succession to kingship among the Scots differed from the one we follow today. Now, our monarchs are chosen by a hereditary system known as primogeniture: generally, the eldest son of a deceased king succeeds to the throne. Primogeniture is relatively straightforward, but has the disadvantage of sometimes resulting in minorities, which occur whenever the heir to the throne is too young to fulfil his duties. A regency has to be established until the king comes of age, and this often produces political instability. The Scots, in contrast, followed the Celtic law of tanistry. Tanistry requires that a brother or cousin of the king be nominated by him as his successor. Thus, the throne tends to pass between different branches of the royal family. The advantage of this system is that there is always a mature king on the throne. The disadvantage, as the Scots learned throughout their history, is that it sometimes leads to assassination and to warfare between competing claimants to the throne. Among the kings of Dalriada, the succession alternated between the descendants of Erc, with those of Fergus dominating. In fact, after Loarn, the kingship did not pass to this branch of the family until Ferchar Fota, who died in 697. Two sons, and then two grandsons of Ferchar Fota came to the throne, but after this it remained firmly in the hands of the descendants of Fergus. At the time of Ferchar Fota's reign, Dalriada was a weakened kingdom; the throne was fleetingly held by the various claimants, and the Scots were dominated by the Picts. Only Selbach of the Tribe of Loarn had a long reign of twenty-three years. The descent of the MacKays through the Tribe of Loarn is as follows: Loarn, a king of Dalriada around 500, had a son Muredaig, who had a son Ethach, who had a son Buadan, who had a son Colman, who had a son Sneachtain, who had a son Fergus, who had a son Feradach, who had a son Ferchar Fota, the king of Dalriada from 696 until his death in 697, who had a son Aircellach, the king of Dalriada from 697 until his death in 698, who had a son Ruadri.3 Ruadri was the brother of Muiredach, the last king of Dalriada to come from the Tribe of Loarn (died around 736). From this Ruadri is descended the Royal House of Moray, and from them came the MacKays. The pedigree of the Tribe of Loarn is given in Table 2. Also in this table is the descent of all the kings of Dalriada from Fergus to Kenneth MacAlpin. 3 from the genealogies in the Books of Leinster, Ballymote and Leccan, as quoted in William F. Skene, Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban, v. III, (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1890). p. 476. 3 from the genealogies in the Books of Leinster, Ballymote and Leccan, as quoted in William F. Skene, Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban, v. III, (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1890). p. 476. Table 2 The Scottish Kings of Dalriada4 Erc | --------------================================= | | Fergus Loarn (501) | | | Domangart | (?506) Muredaig | | ------------------------------------------------ | | | | Comgall Gabran Ethach (?538) (558 or 560) | | | | | ----------------------------------| | Conall | | Buadan (574) Eoganán Aedán | | | (?608) | | | | | Connad Cerr | Eochaid Buide Colman (629) Dúncath (629) | | | | | | | ----------------| | | | | | | Ferchar ? Domnall Brecc | Sneachtain (?650) | (642) Conall Crandomna | | | (660) | Dúnchad | | Fergus "son of Dubán" | | | (660) | ------------- | | Domangart | | | ? (673) Maelduin Domnall Donn Feradach | | (689) (696) | | | | Fiannamail Eochaid Ferchar Fota nepos Dúnchado (AU) (697) (697) (700) | | | =============---- -------------| | | | | Aircellach Selbach | | (698) (723) Eochaid | | | (?733) Alpin --------======= Dúngal | (?736) | | (?726) | Muiredach Ruadri ----------------------- (?736) | | Aed Find Fergus (778) (781) (###) year reign ended | |-------------- (AU) Annals of Ulster | | | | ancestry of the Eochaid Constantine Oengus MacKays | (820) (834) | | | Ailpin Domnall Eoganán (?842) (?805) (839) | Kenneth MacAlpin (858) 4 Marjorie O. Anderson, Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland. (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1980). p. 230.
  6. Title: Senchus Fer n Alban (The History of the Men of Scotland)
    Publication: Name: http://www.duffus.com/Articles/senchus_fer_n_alban.htm;
    Note: A statement of the history of the men of Scotland begins here. Two sons of Eochaid Munremar i. Ere and Olchu. Erc, moreover, had twelve sons i. six of them took possession of Scotland i. two Loarnds i. Loarnd Bee and Loarnd Mor, two Mac Nisses i. Mac Nisse Becc and Mac Nisse Mor, two Ferguses i. Fergus Bee and Fergus Mor. Six others in Ireland i. Mac Decill, Oengus, whose seed, however, is in Scotland, Enna, Bresal, Fiachra, Dubhthach. Others say that this Erc had another son who was called Muredoch. Olchu, son of Eochaid Munremar, had, moreover, eleven sons who live in Murbolc in Dal Riata, Muredach bolc, Aed, Dare, Oengus, Tuathal, Anblomaid, Eochaid, Setna, Brian, Oinu, Cormac.
  7. Title: Wikiwand: Dál Riata
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/D%C3%A1l_Riata;
    Note: Dál Riata or Dál Riada (also Dalriada) (/dælˈriːədə/) was a Gaelic kingdom that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and the north-eastern corner of Ireland, on each side of the North Channel. At its height in the 6th and 7th centuries, it covered what is now Argyll ("Coast of the Gaels") in Scotland and part of County Antrim in Northern Ireland. After a period of expansion, Dál Riata eventually became associated with the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. In Argyll, it consisted of four main kindreds, each with their own chief: Cenél nGabráin (based in Kintyre), Cenél nÓengusa (based on Islay), Cenél Loairn (who gave their name to the district of Lorn) and Cenél Comgaill (who gave their name to Cowal). The hillfort of Dunadd is believed to have been its capital. Other royal forts included Dunollie, Dunaverty and Dunseverick. Within Dál Riata was the important monastery of Iona, which played a key role in the spread of Celtic Christianity throughout northern Britain, and in the development of insular art. Iona was a centre of learning and produced many important manuscripts. Dál Riata had a strong seafaring culture and a large naval fleet. Dál Riata is said to have been founded by the legendary king Fergus Mór (Fergus the Great) in the 5th century. The kingdom reached its height under Áedán mac Gabráin (r. 574–608). During his reign Dál Riata's power and influence grew; it carried out naval expeditions to Orkney and the Isle of Man, and assaults on the Brittonic kingdom of Strathclyde and Anglian kingdom of Bernicia. However, King Æthelfrith of Bernicia checked its growth at the Battle of Degsastan in 603. Serious defeats in Ireland and Scotland during the reign of Domnall Brecc (died 642) ended Dál Riata's "golden age", and the kingdom became a client of Northumbria for a time. In the 730s the Pictish king Óengus I led campaigns against Dál Riata and brought it under Pictish overlordship by 741. There is disagreement over the fate of the kingdom from the late 8th century onwards. Some scholars have seen no revival of Dál Riatan power after the long period of foreign domination (c. 637 to c. 750–760), while others have seen a revival under Áed Find (736–778). Some even claim that the Dál Riata usurped the kingship of Fortriu. From 795 onward there were sporadic Viking raids in Dál Riata. In the following century, there may have been a merger of the Dál Riatan and Pictish crowns. Some sources say Cináed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin) was king of Dál Riata before becoming king of the Picts in 843, following a disastrous defeat of the Picts by Vikings. The kingdom's independence ended sometime after, as it merged with Pictland to form the Kingdom of Alba. Latin sources often referred to the inhabitants of Dál Riata as Scots (Scoti), a name originally used by Roman and Greek writers for the Irish Gaels who raided and colonized Roman Britain. Later, it came to refer to Gaels, whether from Ireland or elsewhere. They are referred to herein as "Gaels" or as "Dál Riatans." Name The name "Dál Riata" is derived from Old Irish. "Dál," cognate to English "dole" and "deal," German "Teil," and Latin "tāliō" and descendants including French "taille" and Italian "taglia," means "portion" or "share" (as in "a portion of land"); "Riata" or "Riada" is believed to be a personal name. Thus, the name refers to "Riada's portion" of territory in the area. The Dalradian geological series, a term coined by Archibald Geikie in 1891, was named after Dál Riata because its outcrop has a similar geographical reach to that of the former kingdom. People, land and sea Dál Riata spanned the North Channel and included parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ireland. In Scotland, it corresponded roughly to Argyll (from Airer Goídel, "coast of the Gaels") and later grew to include Skye. In Ireland, it took in the northeast of County Antrim, roughly corresponding to the baronies of Cary and Glenarm. The modern human landscape of Dál Riata differs a great deal from that of the first millennium. Most people today live in settlements far larger than anything known in early times, while some areas, such as Kilmartin, and many of the islands, such as Islay and Tiree, may well have had as many inhabitants as they do today. Many of the small settlements have now disappeared, so that the countryside is far emptier than was formerly the case, and many areas that formerly were farmed now are abandoned. Even the physical landscape is not entirely as it was; sea levels have changed, and the combination of erosion and silting will have considerably altered the shape of the coast in some places, while the natural accumulation of peat and man-made changes from peat cutting have altered inland landscapes. As was normal at the time, subsistence farming was the occupation of most people. Oats and barley were the main cereal crops. Pastoralism was especially important, and transhumance (the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures) was the practice in many places. Some areas, most notably Islay, were especially fertile, and good grazing would have been available all year round, just as it was in Ireland. Tiree was famed in later times for its oats and barley, while smaller, uninhabited islands were used to keep sheep. The area, until lately, was notable for its inshore fisheries, and for plentiful shellfish, therefore seafood is likely to have been an important part of the diet. The "Senchus fer n-Alban" lists three main kin groups in Dál Riata in Scotland, with a fourth being added later: . The Cenél nGabráin (kindred of Gabrán) in Kintyre, who claimed descent from Gabrán mac Domangairt. . The Cenél nÓengusa (kindred of Óengus) in Islay and Jura, who claimed descent from Óengus Mór mac Eirc. . The Cenél Loairn (kindred of Loarn) in Lorne, perhaps also Mull and Ardnamurchan, who claimed descent from Loarn mac Eirc. . The Cenél Comgaill (kindred of Comgall) in Cowal and Bute, a later addition, who claimed descent from Comgall mac Domangairt. They may have expanded eastwards into Strathearn during the 8th century. The Senchus does not list any kindreds in Ireland, but does list an apparently very minor kindred called Cenél Chonchride in Islay descended from another son of Erc, Fergus Becc. Another kindred, Cenél Báetáin of Morvern (later Clan MacInnes), branched off from Cenél Loairn about the same time that Cenél Comgaill separated from its parent kindred. The Morvern district was formerly known as Kinelvadon, after the Cenél Báetáin. The Cenél Loairn may have been the largest of the "three kindreds," as the Senchus reports it being divided further into Cenél Shalaig, Cenél Cathbath, Cenél nEchdach, Cenél Murerdaig. Among the Cenél Loairn it also lists the Airgíalla, although whether this should be understood as being Irish settlers or simply another tribe to whom the label was applied is unclear. Bannerman proposes a tie to the Uí Macc Uais. The meaning of Airgíalla 'hostage givers' adds to the uncertainty, although it must be observed that only one grouping in Ireland was apparently given this name and it is therefore very rare, perhaps supporting the Ui Macc Uais hypothesis. There is no reason to suppose that this is a complete or accurate list. Four sites in Dál Riata may have had royal associations: Dunadd, Dunollie, Dunaverty and Tarbert. Among them, Dunadd appears to have been the most important. It has been partly excavated, and weapons, quern-stones and many molds for the manufacture of jewelery were found in addition to fortifications. Other high-status material included glassware and wine amphorae from Gaul, and in larger quantities than found elsewhere in Britain and Ireland. Lesser centers included Dun Ollaigh, seat of the Cenél Loairn kings, and Dunaverty, at the southern end of Kintyre, in the lands of the Cenél nGabráin. The main royal center in Ireland appears to have been at Dunseverick ("Dún Sebuirge"). Dál Riata had a strong seafaring culture. It was an archipelago with many islands and peninsulas. This, and the difficulty of overland travel, meant that travel by sea was the easiest means of moving any distance. As well as long distance trade, local trade must also have been significant. Currachs were probably the most common seagoing craft, and on inland waters dugouts and coracles were used. Large timber ships, called "long ships," perhaps similar to the Viking ships of the same name, are attested to in a variety of sources. Dál Riata had a large war fleet manned by skilled sailors, capable of undertaking far-reaching expeditions. It had an organized system for manning the fleet. Houses were grouped into twenties for the purpose of naval recruitment, with each group having to provide a quota of 28 oarsmen. Religion and art No written accounts exist for pre-Christian Dál Riata, and the earliest known records come from the chroniclers of Iona and Irish monasteries. Adomnán's "Life of St Columba" implies a Christian Dál Riata. Whether this is true cannot be known. The figure of Columba looms large in any history of Christianity in Dál Riata. Adomnán's "Life," although useful as a record, was not intended to serve as history, but rather as hagiography. Because the writing of the lives of the saints in Adomnán's day had not reached the stylized formulas of the High Middle Ages, the "Life" contains a great deal of historically valuable information. It is also a vital linguistic source indicating the distribution of Gaelic and P-Celtic place names in northern Scotland by the end of the 7th century. It famously notes Columba's need for a translator when conversing with an individual on Skye. This evidence of a non-Gaelic language is supported by a sprinkling of P-Celtic place names on the remote mainland opposite the island. Columba's founding Iona within the bounds of Dál Riata ensured that the kingdom would be of great importance in the spread of Christianity in northern Britain, not onl...
  8. Title: genealogieonline: Stamboom Homs » Erc . mac Echach Rí na Dál Riata (± 425-± 474)
    Author: This information was last updated on March 10, 2012. 1 Genealogies from the Book of Ballymote, pp. 148-149, as quoted in Alan Orr Anderson, Early Sources of Scottish History: A.D. 500 to 1286, v. I, (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1922). p. 153. 2 Pedigree of the Scottish Kings, appended to version E of the Chronicle of the Kings of Scotland in Skene's Picts and Scots, pp. 133-134,as quoted in Ibid, p. 157
    Publication: Name: https://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/stamboom-homs/I367684958890013768.php;
    Note: Personal data Erc . mac Echach Rí na Dál Riata Alternative names: Murdach of Scotland, Muirdeach of Dalriada He was born about 400 TO ABT 425 in Ulster, Ireland. He was christened about 459. King of Dalriada, in northern Ireland. He died about 474 in Ulster, Ireland. He was buried about 474. Ancestors (and descendant) of Erc . mac Echach Áengus Fert mac Feideilmid ± 360-± 415 Eochaid Muinremuir mac Oengus ± 395-± 439 Erca ± 380-???? Erc . mac Echach ± 425-± 474 (1) ± 412 Mist . ingen Muiredaig ± 412-± 474 Fergus Mór mac Earc 430-501 (2) Marca Queen of Ireland ± 368-± 474 Loarn Mór "the Great" mac Erc ± 424-± 440 Show complete ancestor table Household of Erc . mac Echach Rí na Dál Riata He is married to (1) Mist . ingen Muiredaig about 412 at Dalraida, Scotland. Child(ren): Fergus Mór mac Earc 430-501 He had a relationship with Marca Queen of Ireland Child(ren): Loarn Mór "the Great" mac Erc ± 424-± 440 Notes about Erc . mac Echach Rí na Dál Riata The Irish Kings of Dalriada (to 501 A.D.) Around the time the Romans were in Britain (55 B.C. to 409 A.D.), there were two races occupying what is today Scotland: the Picts and the Britons. These Celtic peoples had successfully resisted the Roman legions, and what the Romans called Caledonia was never incorporated into the Empire. As a result, very little is known about these early inhabitants, apart from brief descriptions by Roman writers. As the Romans withdrew from Britain, these north islanders were faced with new invaders. These were the Scots from Ireland, and the Angles from Germany. It is with the Scots that we are concerned, for it is they who finally succeeded in conquering Scotland, uniting its peoples and giving them their line of kings. From these Scots we can also trace the descent of what became the Clan MacKay. The Scots came from a kingdom in Ireland which was known as Dál Riata. This kingdom corresponded roughly with the modern County Antrim in Northern Ireland. Very little is known about the kings of Dál Riata apart from their names. These are found in two mediæval sources, the Book of Ballymote and the Pedigree of the Scottish Kings. It should be noted that these sources were not written contemporaneously with the events which they describe. Often, they are copies of original material which is now lost to us, and they were written centuries after the fact. It is difficult to verify the information they give with supporting evidence, which makes the accuracy of that information doubtful. The list of the kings of Dál Riata should therefore be regarded as legendary. The Book of Ballymote gives 38 names in its genealogy, all presented as the direct line of kings. It begins with the name Angus Turbech of Tara. Tara, incidentally, is the ancient hall of the High Kings of Ireland. It is on a hill in County Meath, Eire, and its mention in a list of Kings of Dál Riata implies that the Dàl Riata, or "race of Riata," are descended from the High Kings. The genealogy ends with the name of Fergus, the son of Erc. With Erc we are on firmer ground: he was a king of Dál Riata who died around 501 A.D.. If the list is correct (and this is most unlikely), then his ancestor, Angus Turbech of Tara, would have ruled sometime around 700 B.C.. The Pedigree of the Scottish Kings contains 25 names, and differs somewhat from the Book of Ballymote.The last eight names, though, from Sen-chormac to Fergus, are the same. The two lists of the kings of Dalriada will be found in Table 1. The Dalriada crossed the North Channel from Ireland to Kintyre in Scotland, eventually establishing a kingdom around Argyll. The first record of this migration is in 258 A.D., when the Romans noted that Scots from the north attacked south as far as London. In time, the Dalriadankingdom in Scotland overshadowed that in Ireland, and the kings made their home in Argyll, in its ancient capital of Dunadd. Around the year 500 A.D., the two sons of Erc, Fergus and Loarn, were kings of Dalriada in Scotland. Table 1 The Irish Kings of Dalriada Book of Ballymote 1 Pedigree of the Scottish Kings 2 Angus Turbech of Tara Fiachu Fer-mara Ailill Erand Feradach Forgo Maine Arnail Ro-Thrir Trir Ro-Sin Sin Dedad Iar Ailill Eogan Eogan Eterscel Eterscel Conaire Mor Conaire Mor Admor Daire Dornmor Coirpre Coirpre Crom-chend Daire Dorn-mor Mug-lama Coirpre Crom-chend Conaire Coem Ellatig Coirpre Riata Lugaid Cindtai Mug-lama Guaire Conaire Cince Eochaid Riata Fedlimid Lamdoit Fiachra Cathmail Fiachu Tathmael Eochaid Antoit Eochaid Antoit Achircir Aithir Findfece Laithluaithi Cruitlinde Sen-chormac Sen-chormac Fedlimid Fedlimid Ruamnach Angus Buaidnech Angus Buidnech Fedlimid Aislingthe Fedlimid Aislingech Angus Angus Fir Eochaid Muin-remor Eochaid Muin-remor Erc Erc Fergus Fergus -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
  9. Title: Thomas Charles-Edwards, Early Christian Ireland. Cambridge University Press. 2000
    Author: Thomas Charles-Edwards, Early Christian Ireland. Cambridge University Press. 2000.
    Note: Early Christian Ireland.
    Page: To support viewpoint.
  10. Title: Irish Pedigrees; or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation by John O'Hart, 1892 (5th Edition) Volume 1
    Author: Irish Pedigrees; or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation by John O'Hart, 1892 (5th Edition) Volume 1
    Publication: Name: https://www.libraryireland.com/Pedigrees1/RoyalFamilyEngland.php;
    Note: Irish Pedigrees; or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation by John O'Hart, 1892 (5th Edition) Volume 1 this work shows pedigrees purportedly connecting to the British Royal Family - that's about it.
    Page: John O'Hart's 1892 Book provides a complete genealogy from Kenneth MacAlpine to Adam
  11. Title: Wikiwand: Erc of Dalriada
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Erc_of_Dalriada;
    Note: Erc was king of Irish Dál Riata until 474. He was the father of three sons: Fergus Mór, Loarn and Oengus. He also may have been the great-grandfather of Muirchertach mac Muiredaig. Confusion arises from the latter's matronym, Macc Ercae, said to come from his legendary mother Erca, daughter of Loarn mac Eirc. She married Muiredach mac Eógain. According to the Duan Albanach and the Senchus Fer n-Alban, Erc of Dál Riata's father was Eochaid Muinremuir, son of Áengus Fert, son of Fedlimid, son of Oengus, son of another Fedlimid, son of Senchormaich, son of Cruitlinde, son of Findfece, son of Archircir, son of Eochaid Antoit, son of Fiacha Cathmail, son of Cairbre Riata, son of Conaire Cóem and Saraid ingen Chuinn. Suggestions that he was identical with Muiredach mac Eógain and thus belonged to the Uí Néill are based on late sources, such as the Annals of the Four Masters. In fact the Dál Riata are considered Érainn or Darini and claimed to be descendants of the famous Érainn king Conaire Mór. It is typical in late genealogies for unrelated peoples or those only related through marriage to be worked into a single genealogical scheme and all be made descendants of the same legendary founder. Erc is significant as he traditionally has been regarded as the ancestor, through his son Fergus Mor, of the kings of Dalriada, and through them the Kings of Scotland, but more recently much of this tradition has been questioned.
    Page: Ancestry
  12. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: ARGYLL
    Note: Chapter 9. ARGYLL Arregaithel or Argyll was previously the kingdom of Dalriada in the west of Scotland. It was added as a province in the 10th century and at that time covered the whole western coast of Scotland as far north as Caithness. It is unclear whether the rulers of the province originally used the title Mormaer or were throughout referred to as "Lord." A manuscript dated 1450 claims that Fergus Mor, son of Erc and one of three brothers who founded the Scottish kingdom of Dalriada in the 6th century, was fourth in descent from Colla Uais, a High King of Ireland, that Fergus’s older son Domnagart was ancestor of Kenneth MacAlpin and succeeding Scottish kings, and that his younger son Godfrey was ancestor of the Clan Donald and known in his day as "Toshach of the Isles." An ancient Irish poem entitled Baile, Suthain Sith Eamhna, relating to the kingdom of the Isles, recounts that Reginald son of Somerled (see below) was a descendant of Godfrey, Fergus and Conn. The different versions of the alleged ancestry of Somerled are reviewed by Sellar. Following the defeat of Somerled Lord of Argyll in 1164, it was nearly three centuries before James II King of Scotland created the earldom of Argyll, with Colin Campbell Lord Campbell as Earl of Argyll, in 1457. He and his descendants are outside the scope of this work.
    Page: Ancestry
  13. Title: Eru ou Erch D' IRLANDE
    Author: Geneanet
    Publication: Name: https://gw.geneanet.org/foullon?lang=en&m=P&nz=foullon+debras&pz=alessio+alain+heribert+debras+foullon+debras&v=eru+ou+erch+d+irlande;
  14. Title: Wikiwand: List of kings of Dál Riata
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/List_of_kings_of_D%C3%A1l_Riata;
    Note: This is a List of the kings of Dál Riata, a kingdom of Irish origin which was located in Scotland and Ireland. Most kings of Dál Riata, along with later rulers of Alba and of Scotland, traced their descent from Fergus Mór mac Eirc, and even in the 16th century, James VI of Scotland called himself the "happie monarch sprung of Ferguse race." Background It is not until the middle of the 6th century that Irish annals plausibly report the deaths of kings of Dál Riata, with the death of Comgall mac Domangairt, c. 538–545, and of his brother Gabrán, c. 558–560. After the disastrous Battle of Moira (Mag Rath) in 637, Irish Dál Riata lost possession of its Scottish lands. It was during the 8th-century, the rival Dál nAraidi had overrun Irish Dál Riata, though the area retained its name well into the 14th-century. The last attested king of Scottish Dál Riata is Fergus mac Echdach, brother and successor to Áed Find, whose death is reported in the Annals of Ulster in 781. Dál Riata was divided into a number of king groups or dynasties, called "cenéla," of which was the Cenél nGabráin of Kintyre, who claimed descent from Gabrán mac Domangairt, and the Cenél Loairn, who claimed descent from Loarn mac Eirc. Kings of Dál Riata Kings before the Battle of Mag Rath Reign Ruler Name Family Remarks Unknown Loarn Loarn mac Eirc Son of Erc Eponymous founder of the Cenél Loairn; claimed ancestry probably spurious 498-501 Fergus Mór Fergus Mór mac Eirc Mac Nisse Mór Son of Erc Mac Nisse Mór is likely spurious; Annals of Tigernach report his death c. 501 Unknown Domangart Réti Domangart Réti Domangart mac Ferguso Domangart Mac Nissi Son of Fergus Mór The Annals of Innisfallen report the death of Domangart of Cenn Tíre c. 507; the patronymic Mac Nissi is probably a textual error Died c. 540 Comgall Comgall mac Domangairt Son of Domangart Said to have reigned 35 years; multiple obits in the Annals of Ulster; eponymous ancestor of the Cenél Comgaill Died c. 560 Gabrán Gabrán mac Domangairt Son of Domangart His death may be associated with Bridei son of Maelchon; duplicate obits in the Annals of Ulster; eponymous ancestor of the Cenél nGabráin Died c. 574 Conall Conall mac Comgaill Cenél Comgaill; son of Comgall Said to have given Iona to Saint Columba; the first king to have an entry in the Annals of Ulster other than an obit Died c. 606 Áedán Áedán mac Gabráin Cenél nGabráin; son of Gabrán Known from Adomnán of Iona's Life of Saint Columba and from many entries in the Annals Died c. 629 (after Connad Cerr) Eochaid Buide Eochaid Buide Eochaid mac Áedáin Cenél nGabráin; son of Áedán Known from Adomnán of Iona's Life of Saint Columba Died c. 629 (before Eochaid Buide) Connad Cerr Connad mac Conaill Cenél Comgaill; son of Conall Co-ruler with Eochaid Buide whom he predeceased; defeated and killed in battle at Fid Eóin by Congal Cáech, king of the Ulaid Died c. 642 Domnall Brecc Domnall Brecc Domnall mac Echdach Cenél nGabráin; son of Eochaid Buide Defeated and killed in battle at Strathcarron by Eugein map Beli, king of Alt Clut Unknown Ferchar Ferchar mac Connaid Cenél Comgaill; son of Connad Cerr His obit in the Annals of Ulster for 694 appears misplaced; according to the Duan Albanach he was king after his father, presumably jointly with Domnall Brecc Kings from Mag Rath to 741 Reign Ruler Name Family Remarks Died c. 654 Dúnchad Dúnchad mac Conaing Dúnchad mac Dúbain Cenél nGabráin; probably son of Conaing son of Áedán Presumed descendants of Dúnchad appear frequently in the Annals Died c. 660 Conall Crandomna Conall Crandomna Conall Crannamna Conall mac Echdach Cenél nGabráin; son of Eochaid Buide Died c. 660 ? Domangart Domangart mac Domnaill Cenél nGabráin; son of Domnall Brecc Died c. 689 Máel Dúin Máel Dúin mac Conaill Cenél nGabráin; son of Conall Died c. 696 Domnall Donn Domnall Donn Domnall mac Conaill Cenél nGabráin; son of Conall Died c. 697 Ferchar Fota Ferchar the Tall Ferchar mac Feredaig Cenél Loairn ; a descendant in the seventh generation of Loarn Chief of the Cenél Loairn and, for a short time, king of Dál Riata Unknown Eochaid Eochaid mac Domangairt Cenél nGabráin; son of Domangart Unattested by the Annals and omitted from later genealogies but included in the Duan Albanach Deposed c. 698 Ainbcellach Ainbcellach mac Ferchair Cenél Loairn; son of Ferchar Fota Died 718 in battle against Selbach his brother Died 700 Fiannamail Fiannamail ua Dúnchado Fiannamail mac h-ua Dúnchado Cenél nGabráin ?; perhaps a grandson or great-grandson of the earlier Dúnchad son of Conaing It is uncertain whether Fiannamail should be counted as a king of Dál Riata, or of Dál nAraidi; his possible sons Indrechtach and Conall died in battle in 741. Died 707 Béc Béc ua Dúnchado Cenél nGabráin ?; probably a grandson or nephew of the earlier Dúnchad son of Conaing Apparently chief of the Cenél nGabráin Died 721 Dúnchad Dúnchad Bec Cenél nGabráin; unknown but a relationship with Fiannamail, Béc and the earlier Dúnchad mac Conaing is possible chief of Kintyre, which is to say the Cenél nGabráin, from before 719 to 721 Abdicated 723 Selbach Selbach mac Ferchair Cenél Loairn; son of Ferchar Fota Abdicated in favour of his son Dúngal and entered religion, died 730 Deposed as king of Dál Riata 726 Dúngal Dúngal mac Selbaig Cenél Loairn; son of Selbach Probably remained chief of the Cenél Loairn until deposed in 733 726–733 Eochaid Eochaid Angbad Eochaid mac Echdach Cenel nGabráin; son of Eochaid A return to the Cenel nGabráin line 733–736 Muiredach Muiredach mac Ainbcellaig Cenél Loairn; son of Ainbcellach Chief of the Cenél Loairn; Muiredach may have been the king of Dál Riata as well Unknown Alpín Alpín mac Echdach Unknown Appears in the Duan Albanach; possibly a spurious intrusion Unknown Eógan Eógan mac Muiredaig Cenél Loairn; son of Muiredach Known from some Scots chronicles; not named as king by the Duan Albanach; may have been chief of the Cenél Loairn Died 741 Indrechtach Indrechtach mac Fiannamail Cenel nGabráin ?; presumably son of the earlier Fiannamail Idenfication uncertain, killed at the battle of Forboros, perhaps by the Picts of Óengus mac Fergusa; this may, however, have been a king of Dál nAraidi, but in this case his patronymic should be mac Lethlobair Kings from the 740s onwards Reign Ruler Name Family Remarks c. 736–750 or later Unknown kings Dál Riata was under the control of the Picts from around 736 until at least 750, and perhaps later; no kings are known from this period, but it is likely that the Picts ruled Dál Riata through subject kings Before 768–778 Áed Find Áed mac Echdach Cenel nGabráin; presumably a son of Eochaid son of Eochaid Later genealogies make Áed Find the son of Domangart son of Domnall Brecc which is chronologically improbable, others have one Eochaid rather than the expected two 778–781 Fergus Fergus mac Echdach Cenel nGabráin; brother of Áed Find Unknown Eochaid Eochaid mac Áeda Find Cenel nGabráin; son of Áed Find Not included in the Duan Albanach, or in the Annals; known from later genealogies; probably an error for Eochaid mac Echdach Died 792 Donncoirce None known Unknown Obit in the Annals of Ulster; not included in the Duan Albanach or later genealogies Unknown Caustantín Caustantín mac Fergusa Not certainly known, perhaps a descendant of the first Óengus mac Fergusa King of the Picts c. 792–820; included in the Duan Albanach but not generally supposed to have been a king in Dál Riata c. 792–805 Unknown kings No kings are known from this period c. 805–807 Conall Conall mac Taidg Unknown Death reported in battle in Kintyre, presumed to be the first of the Conalls included in the Duan Albanach; reign approximate c. 807–811 Conall Conall mac Áedáin Unknown Killed Conall mac Taidg, "another Conall" reigned four years according to the Duan Albanach; reign approximate c. 811–835 Domnall Domnall mac Caustantín Son of Caustantín mac Fergusa A king named Domnall reigned twenty-four years according to the Duan Albanach; reign approximate Unknown Óengus Óengus mac Fergusa Brother of Caustantín King of the Picts c. 820–834; included in the Duan Albanach but not generally supposed to have been a king in Dál Riata Unknown Eóganán Eóganán mac Óengusa Son of Óengus King of the Picts c. 837–839; included in the Duan Albanach but not generally supposed to have been a king in Dál Riata c. 835–839 Áed Áed mac Boanta None known Killed in battle against Vikings alongside Eóganán mac Óengusa; a king Áed is named by the Duan Albanach Unknown Alpín Alpín mac Echdach Cenel nGabráin; son of Eochaid son of Áed Find Not listed in the Duan Albanach or the Annals; known from later genealogies; no evidence that he was a king in Dál Riata and he is fathered on the spurious Eochaid mac Áeda Find Unknown Cináed Cináed mac Ailpín Cenel nGabráin; son of Alpín King of the Picts c. 843–858; not generally supposed that he was a king in Dál Riata c. 914 Diarmaid Diarmaid mac Sealbhaigh None known King of the Dalriada; generally supposed that he was a king of Irish Dal Riada Sources The main sources for the kings of Dál Riata include: . The Annals of Ulster . The Annals of Tigernach . The Senchus Fer n-Alban . The Synchronisms of Flann Mainistrech of Monasterboice . The Duan Albanach . Adomnán of Iona's "Life of Saint Columba" . A variety of genealogies for later kings of Alba Less reliable sources may include: . The Annals of Innisfallen . The Chronicon Scotorum . The Annals of the Four Masters . The Annals of Clonmacnoise Interpretation of these sources remains problematic. Many entries which appear to refer to Dál Riata lack context, many persons named lack patronyms or other identifying bynames. There are many disagreements among sources. Some entries have been amended and expanded at a later time.
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