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Pierre de Courtenay II


Preferred Parents:
Father: Pierre de Vermandois Emperor de Constantinople I, b. 11 SEP 1126 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France   d. 10 de abril de 1183 in Palestine, and, Holyland
Mother: Elisabeth de COURTENAY, b. JUL 1127 in Courtenay, Yonne, France   d. 14 SEP 1205 in Exter, Devon, England

Family 1: Yolande de Hainaut,    b. 1175 in Valenciennes, Nord, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France    d. 24 AUG 1219 in Constantinople, Istanbul, Turkey
  1. Elizabeth de Courtenay, b. 1199 in St. Pol. Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Courtenay, France     d. 1232
  2. Baldwin de Courtenay II, b. 1217 in Constantinople, Eastern Roman Empire, Turkey     d. 15 OCT 1273 in Foggia, Kingdom of Sicily
  3. Eleanor de Courtenay, b. 1208 in Of, Constantinople, Constantinople, Turkey     d. 1230 in L'abbaye De S.Antoine Des Champs, Paris, Seine-Et-Marne, France
  4. Yolanda Courtenay-házi Konstantinápolyi latin hercegnő magyar királyné, b. 1197 in Courtenay     d. 1233. június in Esztergom, Komarom, Hungary
Sources:
  1. Title: Wikiwand: Peter II of Courtenay
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Peter_II_of_Courtenay;
    Note: Peter, also Peter II of Courtenay (French: "Pierre de Courtenay"; died 1219), was emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople from 1216 to 1217. Biography Peter II was a son of Peter I of Courtenay (died 1183), the youngest son of Louis VI of France and his second wife, Adélaide de Maurienne. His mother was Elisabeth de Courtenay, daughter of Renaud de Courtenay (died 1194) and Hawise du Donjon. Peter first married Agnes I, via whom he obtained the three counties of Nevers, Auxerre, and Tonnerre. He took for his second wife Yolanda of Flanders (died 1219), a sister of Baldwin and Henry of Flanders, who were afterwards the first and second emperors of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Peter accompanied his cousin, King Philip Augustus, on the crusade of 1190 and fought (alongside his brother Robert) in the Albigensian Crusade in 1209 and 1211, when he took part in the siege of Lavaur. He was present at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. When his brother-in-law, the emperor Henry, died without sons in 1216, Peter was chosen as his successor, and with a small army he left his residence of château de Druyes in France to take possession of his throne. He was consecrated emperor at the Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls in Rome by Pope Honorius III on 9 April 1217. He then borrowed some ships from the Venetians, promising in return to conquer Durazzo for them, but he failed in this enterprise, and sought to make his way to Constantinople by land. On the journey he was seized by the despot of Epirus, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, and, after an imprisonment of two years, died, probably by foul means. Peter thus never governed his empire, which, however, was ruled for a time by his wife, Yolanda, who had succeeded in reaching Constantinople. Two of his sons, Robert and Baldwin, reigned in turn as emperors of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Family By his first wife Agnes I, Countess of Nevers he had: . Matilda I, Countess of Nevers By his second wife Yolanda of Flanders, he had: . Philip (died 1226), Marquis of Namur, who declined the offer of the crown of the Latin Empire . Robert of Courtenay (died 1228), emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople . Henry (died 1229), Marquis of Namur . Baldwin II of Constantinople (died 1273), emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople . Margaret (died 1270), Marchioness of Namur, who first married Raoul, Lord of Issoudun, and then Henry I, Count of Vianden . Elizabeth of Courtenay who married Walter count of Bar and then Eudes sire of Montagu . Yolanda de Courtenay, who married Andrew II of Hungary . Eleanor, who married Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre . Marie de Courtenay, who married Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea . Agnes, who married Geoffrey II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea He had an illegitimate son: . Geoffrey, marquis of Lavaur (died 1229).
    Page: Source for names, titles, places, and relationships
  2. Title: Wikiwand: Capetian House of Courtenay
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Capetian_House_of_Courtenay;
    Note: The Capetian House of Courtenay, also known simply as the House of Courtenay, was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct House of Capet. Founded by Peter I of Courtenay, a son of Louis VI of France, the family drew its name from the lordship of Courtenay, to which Peter's wife was heiress. Capetian house of Courtenay The marriage of Peter I of Courtenay, also known as Peter of France, with Elizabeth, heiress of the elder branch of the lords of Courtenay, took place in 1150. They have numerous descendants, mainly through their sons Peter II of Courtenay (for the elder branch) and Robert of Courtenay (for the younger branch). The elder branch Peter II of Courtenay (eldest son of Peter of France, Lord of Courtenay and Elizabeth) became Count of Auxerre, Nevers and Tonnerre by his marriage with the Countess Agnes of Nevers. After the death of his first wife, he married Yolanda of Flanders. In 1216, on the death of his wife's brother, the Latin Emperor of Constantinople Henry of Flanders, the barons of Constantinople chose Peter II of Courtenay to succeed him; but he was captured while attempting to reach Constantinople and died in captivity in 1219. His son, Robert of Courtenay, attempted to keep the empire by selling their possessions (including the Marquisate of Namur). The Emperor Robert was expelled from Constantinople by his subjects in 1228. His brother and successor Baldwin II of Constantinople lost the crown when Constantinople was taken by the Greeks (1261), and died in exile in Italy in 1273. His granddaughter, Catherine of Courtenay, married in 1300 Charles of Valois, son of Philip III of France, and the lands of the Courtenay passed into the House of France. The younger branch Robert, the second son of Peter of France and Elizabeth of Courtenay, received some lordships, including that of Champignelles. One of his sons, Peter of Courtenay, Lord of Conches, accompanied Saint Louis in the Holy Land during the Seventh Crusade; he was killed at the Battle of Al Mansurah (1250), along with the king's brother, Robert I, Count of Artois. His only daughter Amicie de Courtenay married Robert II, Count of Artois, the son of Robert of Artois. In 1285, Robert II of Courtenay, Lord of Champignelles (grandson of Robert) became the head of the House of Courtenay at the death of Philip of Courtenay, son of the Emperor Baldwin II Courtenay. After the extinction of the members of the senior branch, the Courtenay family fell into oblivion. They had become minor provincial lords, since the elder branch had sold most of the family's possessions in their attempt to preserve the Latin Empire in the east. One of the descendants of Robert de Courtenay, John III of Courtenay-Champignelles, was taken prisoner by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356, and later he fought alongside Bertrand du Guesclin. His nephew Peter III of Courtenay-Champignelles became chamberlain and advisor to King Charles VI. Another member of the family, François de Courtenay-Bléneau is knighted at Marignan (1515), and Anne de Courtenay, another descendant of Robert, in 1583 became the first wife of Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully. The title of Head of the House of Courtenay is transmitted over time from one branch to another, in 1472 to John II of Courtenay, Lord of Bléneau, then in 1655 to Louis de Courtenay, Lord of Chevillon. From 1603, they tried in vain to gain recognition, many times, the status of "princes of royal blood." The last male of the final branch died in 1733, and the family was extinguished on June 29, 1768, with the death of his niece, Helen of Courtenay (1689–1768), marquise of Bauffremont. The claim to princely status While the wars in Constantinople were unfortunate to the French in general, its loss was dearer still to the Courtenay family. Having had the honor of an imperial dignity, they had spared no cost in order to preserve it, but found that it could not be kept. The grandeur and wealth of the family was lost, that when the time came for the princes of Capetian lineage to be exalted above others, the Courtenays, who would have been best entitled in more ancient times, could no longer be esteemed princes of the blood in France. Louis VI of France Louis VII of France Philip II of France Louis VIII of France Louis IX of France Philip III of France Philip IV of France House of Valois House of Bourbon Peter I of Courtenay House of Courtenay With the establishment of the Salic law in France, the male-line descendants of the third race of the Kings of France were recognized as princes of the blood, who had the contingent right of succession to the French crown. Though the House of Courtenay multiplied, they did so in obscurity and poverty. From princes they became barons, and from barons they became rural lords. Compared to the mighty princes of the blood — the dukes of Burgundy, Brittany, Orléans, Anjou, Bourbon, and Alençon — the royal blood seemed like a drop in the lords of Champignelles and Tanlay. Their name had largely disappeared in the history of the kingdom, but might still be found by the patience and diligence of heralds and genealogists. In the 16th century, the accession of the House of Bourbon, itself distantly related to the preceding House of Valois, awoke the princely spirit of the Courtenays. They appealed to the justice and compassion of Henry IV of France; they obtained a favorable opinion of 20 lawyers from Italy and Germany, and compared themselves to the descendants of King David, whose rights were not impaired by the lapse of ages or the trade of a carpenter. But every ear was deaf, and every circumstance was adverse, to their lawful claims. The princes of the blood, more recent and lofty, disdained the alliance of this humble kindred. The parliament, without denying their proofs, eluded them by arbitrarily selecting St. Louis as the progenitor of the royal line. A repetition of complaints and protests was repeatedly disregarded; and the hopeless pursuit was terminated in the 18th century by the death of the last male of the family.
  3. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: PIERRE de Courtenay, son of PIERRE de France Seigneur de Courtenay & his wife Elisabeth de Courtenay
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/LATIN%20EMPERORS.htm#PierreIEmpdied1219B;
    Note: PIERRE de Courtenay, son of PIERRE de France Seigneur de Courtenay & his wife Elisabeth de Courtenay (after 1158-Epirus after Jun 1219). The "Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines" names "comitem Petrum Autissiodorensem et Robertum de Cortenaio et quondam Guillemum" as sons of "Petro de Cortenaio regis Philippi patruo" & his wife. "Petrus regis frater et Curtiniacensis dominus" confirmed donations to Fontaine-Jean abbey, with the consent of “uxor mea Ysabel et primogenitus meus Petrus," by charter dated 1170, witnessed by "Ex parte domini et pueri...." indicating that Pierre [II] was still a child at the time. Bouchet says that "on peut dire avec quelque forte certitude [que Pierre] n'avoit pour lors tout au plus que douze ans, puisque d'ordinaire on ne se sert point du terme puer pour exprimer une jeunesse au delà de cet âge." He succeeded his father as Seigneur de Courtenay. A charter dated "die festivo de Ramis palmarum" [=10 Apr] 1183 records that "Petrus de Curtiniaco regis Galliæ Philippi patruus" when he was alive donated "villam...Heruauuilla" to Notre-Dame la Royalle de Rosoy, with the consent of "Elisabeth uxor eius et Petrus eorundem maior filius et alii...Robertus, Philippus, Willelmus." He succeeded as Comte de Nevers, Comte d'Auxerre in 1184, by right of his first wife. He accompanied Philippe II, King of France, on the Third Crusade in 1190, returning to France in 1193. After his defeat by Hervé de Donzy, following their dispute over the château de Gien, Pierre de Courtenay was confirmed as Comte d'Auxerre, Comte de Tonnerre for life in 1199 but was obliged to cede the county of Nevers, as well as his daughter's hand in marriage, to Hervé. Comte Pierre took part in the crusade against the Albigeois in 1210 and was present at the siege of Toulouse. He fought at the battle of Bouvines in 1214. He succeeded as Marquis de Namur in 1213, by right of his second wife. He was elected in 1216 to succeed his brother-in-law Henri de Flandres as PIERRE I Emperor of Constantinople. Leaving France, he traveled to Rome where he was crowned 9 Apr 1217 by Pope Honorius III at the Church of San Lorenzo "fuori i Muri." He sent his wife and daughters directly to Constantinople, but the Venetians persuaded Emperor Pierre to help recapture Durazzo on his way. After succeeding in this enterprise, he was captured in the Albanian mountains by Theodoros Angelos Lord of Epirus, and disappeared presumably murdered although his fate did not become known until [early 1221], The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines records that "Namucensis comes Petrus" was captured by "duce Durachis Theodoro" in 1217. m firstly (1184) AGNES Ctss de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre, daughter of GUY [I] Comte de Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre & his wife Mathilde de Bourgogne Dame de Montpensier [Capet] ([1170]-[Mailly] 2 or 6 Feb 1193). The "Chronologia Roberti Altissiodorenses" records that "Philippus Rex" arranged the marriage of "Guidonis Comitis filiam" and "Petro patrueli suo,, and installed him as Comte de Nevers. "Petrus comes Nivernensis et Agnes comitissa uxor eiusdem comitis et filia Guidonis comitis" confirmed the privileges of the church of St Etienne, Nevers by charter dated 1185 which refers to but does not name "filiam nostram." She and her husband bought Tonnerre from her mother in 1191. "Petrus comes Nivernensis et Agnes comitissa uxor eius" agreed to renounce rights previously held by their predecessors, naming "Willelmus comes sepultus in ecclesia sancti Germani Autissiodonrensis…et filius eius Villelmus qui in Bethleem requiescit," in favor of Saint-Cyr by charter dated 10 Jun 1190. The "Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines" names "Agnes…unica filia comitis Guidonis Nivernensis" as first wife of "comitis Petris." m secondly (contract 24 Jul 1193, Soissons 1 Jul 1193) YOLANDE de Flandre, daughter of BAUDOUIN VIII Count of Flanders [BAUDOUIN V Comte de Hainaut] & his wife Marguerite Ctss of Flanders ([1175]-Constantinople 24 or 26 Aug 1219). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines in 1191 names "Elizabeth Francie reginam…Hyolenz uxorem Petri Autisiodorensis et Sibiliam domnam Bellioci uxorem Wichardi" as the three daughters of "Balduinus [Haynaco]." In a later passage, the same source names "Hyolenz…soror comitis Philippi Namucensis" as wife of "comes Petrus Autisiodorensis," specifying that her husband became Comte de Namur by right of his wife. "The Historia Episcoporum Autissiodorensium" records that Pierre married "Yolandam sororem Henrici Constantinopolitani Imperatoris" as his second wife after the death of "Agnete uxore sua." She succeeded as Marquise de Namur in 1213. She was crowned empress of Constantinople with her husband by the Pope 9 Apr 1217 at Rome. She was appointed regent of the Latin empire of Constantinople after arriving safely at Constantinople by sea in 1217, in the absence of her husband whose fate at that time was unknown. She was able to stop the attacks of Theodoros Emperor in Nikaia, and arranged his marriage to her daughter Marie to seal the peace which was agreed. Pierre [II] & his first wife had [two] children: ... Pierre [II] & his second wife had [fourteen] children: ...
  4. Title: Wikiwand: Latin Empire
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Latin_Empire#/History;
    Note: The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. The Latin Empire was intended to replace the Byzantine Empire as the Western-recognized Roman Empire in the east, with a Catholic emperor enthroned in place of the Eastern Orthodox Roman emperors. The Fourth Crusade had originally been called to retake the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem but a sequence of economic and political events culminated in the Crusader army sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Originally, the plan had been to restore the deposed Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos, who had been usurped by Alexios III Angelos, to the throne. The crusaders had been promised financial and military aid by Isaac's son Alexios IV, with which they had planned to continue to Jerusalem. When the crusaders reached Constantinople the situation quickly turned volatile and while Isaac and Alexios briefly ruled, the crusaders did not receive the payment they had hoped for. In April 1204, they captured and plundered the city's enormous wealth. The crusaders selected their own emperor from among their own ranks, Baldwin of Flanders, and divided the territory of the Byzantine Empire into various new vassal crusader states. The Latin Empire's authority was immediately challenged by Byzantine rump states led by the Laskaris family (connected to the Angelos dynasty of 1185–1204) in Nicaea and the Komnenos family (which had ruled as Byzantine Emperors 1081–1185) in Trebizond. From 1224 to 1242 the Komnenos Doukas family, also connected to the Angeloi, challenged Latin authority from Thessalonica. The Latin Empire failed to attain political or economic dominance over the other Latin powers that had been established in former Byzantine territories in the wake of the Fourth Crusade, especially Venice, and after a short initial period of military successes it went into a steady decline due to constant war with Bulgaria to the north and the various Byzantine claimants. Eventually, the Nicaean Empire recovered Constantinople and restored the Byzantine Empire under Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261. The last Latin emperor, Baldwin II, went into exile, but the imperial title survived, with several pretenders to it, until the 14th century. Like the term "Byzantine Empire," "Latin Empire" was not a contemporary term used by the empire itself or the rest of the world. The Byzantines referred to the Latin Empire as the "Frankokratia" (Greek: "Φραγκοκρατία," lit. "rule of the Franks") or the Latinokratia (Λατινοκρατία, lit. "rule of the Latins") and the Latin Emperors themselves referred to the empire by various names, commonly "imperium Constantinopolitanum" (lit. "Empire of Constantinople"), but also imperium "Romaniae" (lit. Empire of Romania) and "imperium Romanorum" (lit. "Empire of the Romans"). The term "Romania" ("Land of the Romans") had been used unofficially by the population of the Byzantine Empire for their country for centuries. Etymology Much like the term "Byzantine," which was invented in the 16th century, "Latin Empire" was not a contemporary name used by or for the regime set up by the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade in Constantinople. Instead, both terms were invented much later by historians seeking to differentiate between the classical period of the Roman Empire, the medieval period of the Byzantine Empire, and the late medieval Latin Empire, all of which called themselves "Roman." The term "Latin" has been used by these later historians because the crusaders (Franks, Venetians, and other westerners) were Roman Catholic and used Latin as their liturgical and scholarly language. It is used in contrast to the Eastern Orthodox locals who used Greek in both liturgy and common speech. The Byzantines referred to the Latin Empire as the "Frankokratia" ("Φραγκοκρατία," lit. "rule of the Franks") or the "Latinokratia" ("Λατινοκρατία," lit. "rule of the Latins"). Founding treaties issued by the crusaders specifically refer to the empire as the "imperium Constantinopolitanum" ("Empire of Constantinople"). Although this is a marked departure from the standard Byzantine nomenclature and ideology (designating the empire as the "Basileía Rhōmaíōn," "Empire of the Romans"), "imperium Constantinopolitanum" was the standard name used for the eastern empire in western sources, such as in papal correspondence, and suggests that the Latin leaders viewed themselves as "taking over" the empire rather than “replacing” it. It would have been difficult for the crusaders to justify referring to the empire as "Roman" considering that Western Europe generally held the Germanic Holy Roman Empire to represent the legitimate Roman Empire. Nevertheless, the crusaders were well aware of the fact that Constantinople was the capital of the Roman Empire and that the Greek-speaking inhabitants of the empire saw themselves as "Romaioi" (Romans). The full title actually used by the first Latin Emperor, Baldwin I, was "Balduinus dei gratia fidelissimus in Christo imperator a Deo coronatus Romanorum moderator et semper augustus." His title is a near perfect replication of the title used by Byzantine Emperor Alexios IV Angelos, placed on the throne by the crusaders previously, in a letter (only known in its Latin version) to Pope Innocent III: fidelis in Christo imperator a Deo coronatus Romanorum moderator et semper augustus. Letters by Baldwin to Pope Innocent III give his title as "imperator Constantinopolitanus," possibly altered by Papal scribes as the Pope recognized the Holy Roman Emperor as the "imperator Romanorum." In his seals, Baldwin abbreviated "Romanorum" as "Rom.," conveniently leaving it open for interpretation whether he referred to "Romaniae" ("land of the Romans") or "Romanorum" ("the Romans"). It is probably more likely that he meant "Romanorum." The term "Romania" had been used unofficially by the population of the Byzantine Empire for their country for centuries. Baldwin's successor Henry used three different versions of his imperial title; Henricus Dei Gratia Imperator Romaniae ("Emperor of Romania"), "Henricus Dei Gratia Imperator Romanorum" ("Emperor of the Romans") and "Henricus Dei Gratia Imperator Constantinopolitani" ("Emperor of Constantinople"), possibly intended for different recipients. Usage of the title Emperor of Constantinople may not just have been to appease the Pope and Western Europe, but might also have been used to legitimize the rule of the Latin Emperors in regards to the Byzantines that they ruled. Possession of the city itself was a key legitimizing factor that set the Latin Emperors apart from Byzantine claimants in Nicaea, Trebizond and Thessalonica. History Origins See also: Frankokratia After the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade, the crusaders agreed to divide up Byzantine territory. In the "Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae," signed on 1 October 1204, three eighths of the empire — including Crete and other islands — went to the Republic of Venice. The Latin Empire claimed the remainder and exerted control over: . areas of Greece, divided into vassal fiefs: . the Kingdom of Thessalonica . the Principality of Achaea . the Duchy of Athens . the Duchy of the Archipelago . the short-lived Duchy of Philippopolis in north Thrace Further duchies were projected in Asia Minor, at Nicaea (for Louis of Blois), Nicomedia (Thierry de Loos), Philadelphia (Stephen du Perche), and Neokastra. These duchies remained theoretical, due to the establishment of the Empire of Nicaea in the area. Nicaea itself was never occupied and Louis of Blois was killed in 1205. Thierry de Loos was captured by the Nicaeans in 1207 and, although released, left the Latin Empire two years later. After a brief Nicaean reconquest, Nicomedia returned to Latin control, but the "ducatus Nichomedie" remained part of the Imperial domain. Philadelphia never came under actual Latin control, although the Latin emperor Henry of Flanders laid claim to the region after defeating the local strongman, Theodore Mangaphas, in 1205. The duchy of Neokastra ("ducatus Novi Castri") on the other hand was never accorded to a single holder, but was divided among the Knights Hospitaller (one quarter) and other feudatories. The term "duchy" in this case reflects the earlier Byzantine use of the term "thema," usually governed by a "doux," to designate a province. The Doge of Venice did not rank as a vassal to the Latin Empire, but his position in control of three-eighths of its territory and of parts of Constantinople itself ensured Venice's influence in the Empire's affairs. However, much of the former Byzantine territory remained in the hands of rival successor states led by Byzantine Greek aristocrats, such as the Despotate of Epirus, the Empire of Nicaea, and the Empire of Trebizond, each bent on reconquest from the Latins. The crowning of Baldwin I (16 May 1204) and the establishment of the Latin Empire had the curious effect of creating five simultaneously existing entities claiming to be successors of the Roman Empire: the Latin Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, and the three remnants of the Byzantine Empire, the Despotate of Epirus, the Empire of Nicaea, and the Empire of Trebizond. None of these polities actually controlled the city of Rome, which remained under the temporal authority of the Pope. In Asia Minor The initial campaigns of the crusaders in Asia Minor resulted in the capture of most of Bithynia by 1205, with the defeat of the forces of Theodore I Laskaris at Poemanenum and Prusa. Latin successes continued, and in 1207 a truce was signed with Theodore, newly proclaimed Emperor of Nicaea. The Latins inflicted a further defeat on Nicaean forces at the Rhyndakos river in October 1211, and three years later the Treaty of Nymphaeum (1214) recognized their control of most of Bithynia and Mysia...
  5. Title: Pierre I, Emperor of Constantinople, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/LATIN%20EMPERORS.htm#PierreIEmpdied1219B [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/142438581;
    Note: Pierre I, Emperor of Constantinople, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/LATIN%20EMPERORS.htm#PierreIEmpdied1219B [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Pierre I, Emperor of Constantinople, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/LATIN%20EMPERORS.htm#PierreIEmpdied1219B [See document in the Memories section]
  6. Title: Find a Grave: Peter de Courtenay II
    Author: MEMORIAL ID 58303041
    Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/58303041/peter-de_courtenay;
    Note: Peter de Courtenay II BIRTH 1155 DEATH 1219 (aged 63–64) BURIAL Body lost or destroyed MEMORIAL ID 58303041 Peter of Courtenay French: Pierre de Courtenay (died 1219) was emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople from 1216-1217. He was a son of Peter of Courtenay (d. 1183), the youngest son of Louis VI of France and his second Queen consort Adélaide de Maurienne. His mother was Elizabeth of Courtenay, daughter of Renauld de Courtenay and Helvis du Donjon. Peter first married Agnes of Nevers. They had one child, Mahaut de Courtenay (Maud, Matilda, d. 1254), countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonerre. By his second wife Yolanda of Flanders, he had 10 children: Philip (d. 1226), Marquis of Namur, who declined the offer of the crown of the Latin Empire Robert of Courtenay (d. 1228), Latin Emperor Henry (d. 1229), Marquis of Namur Baldwin II of Constantinople (d. 1273) Margaret, Marchioness of Namur, who married first Raoul d'Issoudun and then Henry count of Vianden Elizabeth, who married Walter count of Bar and then Eudes sire of Montagu Yolanda de Courtenay, who married Andrew II of Hungary Eleanor, who married Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre Marie de Courtenay, who married Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea Agnes, who married Geoffrey II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea Bio courtesy of: Wikipedia Family Members Parents Photo Peter I of France 1126–1183 Photo Elizabeth de Courtenay 1127–1205 Siblings Photo Alice De Courtenay Taillefer 1160–1216
  7. Title: WikiTree: Pierre (Courtenay) Constantinople (aft. 1158 - abt. 1219)
    Author: Profile managers: Björn Lohnert, European Aristocrats Project WikiTree, and Carleton Procter Profile last modified 28 Jan 2021 | Created 28 Feb 2012
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Courtenay-511;
    Note: Pierre (Pierre II) "Peter" Constantinople formerly Courtenay Born after 1158 in Courtenay, Galinois, France ANCESTORS Son of Pierre (Capet) Courtenay and Isabella (Courtenay) de Courtenay Brother of Alix (Courtenay) Angoulême, Eustachia (Courtenay) de Courtenay, Clementia Courtenay, Robert (Courtenay) de Courtenay, Constance (Courtenay) de Courtenay, Guillaume Courtenay and Isabelle Courtenay Husband of Yolande (Flandre) de Flandre — married [date unknown] [location unknown] Husband of Agnes Nevers — married 1191 in Courtenay, Gatinais, Isle-De-France, France DESCENDANTS Father of Mahaut (Courtenay) de Donzy, Marguerite (Courtenay) de Vianden, Philippe (Courtenay) de Courtenay, Pierre (Courtenay) de Courtenay, Sibyl (Courtenay) de Courtenay, Yolande (Courtenay) Árpádházi, Robert (Courtenay) de Courtenay, Agnes Courtenay, Elizabeth (Courtenay) de Montagu, Marie (Courtenay) Lascaris, Henri Courtenay, Éléonore (Courtenay) de Courtenay, Constance (Courtenay) de Courtenay and Baldwin Courtenay Died about Jun 1219 in Epirus, Turkey The "Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. It was established after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and lasted until 1261" PIERRE de Courtenay, was the son of PIERRE de France Seigneur de Courtenay & his wife Elisabeth de Courtenay. He was still a child in 1170. He succeeded his father as the Seigneur de Courtenay in 1183. He married Agnes de Nevers in 1184, thereby adding Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre to his domain and becoming Comte de Nevers et d'Auxerre. They had a daughter Mathilde, who succeeded her mother as Countess of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre. Pierre went on the Third Crusade in 1190 with Philippe II, King of France, and returned to France in 1193. On his return he and Hervé de Donzy had a dispute over Château de Gien. Pierre was defeated and ceded the county of Nevers, and his daughter, in marriage, to Hervé. In 1193, after the death of Agnes, Petrus married Yolande de Flandre, daughter of Baudouin VIII Count of Flanders & his wife Marguerite Countess of Flanders. They had 14 children. Comte Pierre fought in the 1210 crusade against the Albigeois and was present at the siege of Toulouse. He fought at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. He became the Marquis de Namur in 1213, by right of his second wife, Yolande. In 1216, Peter was elected to succeed his brother-in-law Henri de Flandres as the next Emperor of Constantinople, Pierre I, but alas he never actually got to rule the empire. He was crowned by Pope Honorius III on 9 April 1217 in Rome. Sending his wife and daughters directly to Constantinople, he detoured in order to help the Venetians recapture Durazzo. The company recaptured Durazzo, but afterwards Emperor Pierre was captured in the Albanian mountains by Theodoros Angelos Lord of Epirus, and disappeared. For years, until 1221, his fate remained unknown, but it was finally confirmed that he had died in 1219. Sources "Europäische Stammtafeln, Band II," Frank Baron Freytag von Loringhoven, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von. page 14. http://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00004821&tree=LEO "Royal Ancestry," by D. Richardson Vol. IV p. 223 and 225 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/chamsensjoi.htm#PierreIIdied1219A ↑ "Latin Empire" Wikipedia article ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 LATIN EMPERORS of CONSTANTINOPLE 1216-1261 (SEIGNEURS de COURTENAY) See also: Wikipedia: Peter II de Courtenay Acknowledgements Ted Williams Mike Walton. Grant Meadors. Carleton Procter Björn Lohnert
  8. Title: rootsweb > Finding Our Past: Family of Peter II + and Yolanda +
    Publication: Name: https://sites.rootsweb.com/~dearbornboutwell/fam4720.html;
    Note: Husband: Peter II + (1155- ) Wife: Yolanda + (1175-1219) Children: Margaret (1194-1270) Philip (1195-1226) Yolanda + of COURTENAY (1198-1232) Elizabeth of COURTENAY (1199-1269) Henry (c. 1201-1229) Agnes (c. 1203- ) Marie of COURTENAY (1204- ) Eleanor + of COURTENAY (1208-1230) Robert of COURTENAY (c. 1210-1228) Baldwin II of CONSTANTINOPLE (1217- ) Marriage 1 Jul 1193 Soissons, Picardie, France Husband: Peter II + Name: Peter II + Sex: Male Father: Peter I + of COURTENAY ( -1183) Mother: Isabelle + of COURTENAY (1127-1205) Birth 1155 Courtenay, Loiret, France Occupation Emperor of the Latin Empire Title Emperor of the Latin Empire Death "6/1219" Epirus, Turkey Wife: Yolanda + Name: Yolanda + Sex: Female Father: Baldwin V + (1150-1195) Mother: Marguerite + (1144-1194) Birth 1175 Flanders, Belgium Occupation Countess of Flanders Title Countess of Flanders Death 26 Aug 1219 (age 43-44) Constantinople, Turkey Child 1: Margaret Name: Margaret Sex: Female Spouse 1: Raoul (c. 1189- ) Spouse 2: Henry I (c. 1189- ) Birth 1194 Occupation Marchioness of Namur Death 17 Jul 1270 (age 75-76) Marienthal Burial Convent of Marienthal Child 2: Philip Name: Philip Sex: Male Birth 1195 Occupation Margrave of Namur Title frm 1212 to 1226 (age 16-31) Margrave of Namur Death 1226 (age 30-31) Cause: killed near Saint-Flour in the Aubergne Child 3: Yolanda + of COURTENAY Name: Yolanda + of COURTENAY Sex: Female Spouse: Andrew II + (1176-1235) Birth 1198 Courtenay, Loiret, France Occupation Queen Consort of Hungary Title frm 1215 to 1233 (age 16-35) Queen Consort of Hungary Death 1232 (age 33-34) Child 4: Elizabeth of COURTENAY Name: Elizabeth of COURTENAY Sex: Female Spouse 1: Walter ( -1219) Spouse 2: Eudes I (c. 1195- ) Birth 1199 Death 1269 (age 69-70) Child 5: Henry Name: Henry Sex: Male Birth 1201 (est) Occupation Marquis of Namur Death 1229 (age 27-28) Child 6: Agnes Name: Agnes Sex: Female Birth 1203 (est) Child 7: Marie of COURTENAY Name: Marie of COURTENAY Sex: Female Spouse: Theodore I LASCARIS (1174-1222) Birth 1204 Occupation Empress of Nicaea Title frm 1219 to Nov 1221 (age 14-17) Empress of Nicaea Death "9/1228" Child 8: Eleanor + of COURTENAY Name: Eleanor + of COURTENAY Sex: Female Spouse: Philip + of MONTFORT (1204-1240) Birth 1208 Courtenay, Isle-de-France, France Death 1230 (age 21-22) l'Abbaye de St. Antoine des Champs, Paris, Seine-et-Marne, France Child 9: Robert of COURTENAY Name: Robert of COURTENAY Sex: Male Birth 1210 (est) Death 1228 (age 17-18) Child 10: Baldwin II of CONSTANTINOPLE Name: Baldwin II of CONSTANTINOPLE Sex: Male Birth 1217 Death "10/1273" Note on Husband: Peter II + Peter of Courtenay (French: Pierre de Courtenay) (died 1219) was emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople from 1216 to 1217. He was a son of Peter of Courtenay (d. 1183), the youngest son of Louis VI of France and his second Queen consort Adélaide de Maurienne. His mother was Elizabeth of Courtenay. Peter first married Agnes of Nevers, via whom he obtained the three counties of Nevers, Auxerre, and Tonnerre. He took for his second wife, Yolanda of Flanders (d. 1219), a sister of Baldwin and Henry of Flanders, who were afterwards the first and second emperors of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. Peter accompanied his cousin, King Philip Augustus, on the crusade of 1190 and fought (alongside his brother Robert) in the Albigensian Crusade in 1209 and 1211, when he took part in the siege of Lavaur. He was present at the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. When his brother-in-law, the emperor Henry, died without sons in 1216, Peter was chosen as his successor, and with a small army set out from France to take possession of his throne. Consecrated emperor at Rome, in a church outside the walls, by Pope Honorius III on 9 April 1217, he borrowed some ships from the Venetians, promising in return to conquer Durazzo for them; but he failed in this enterprise, and sought to make his way to Constantinople by land. On the journey he was seized by the despot of Epirus, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, and, after an imprisonment of two years, died, probably by foul means. Peter thus never governed his empire, which, however, was ruled for a time by his wife, Yolanda, who had succeeded in reaching Constantinople. Two of his sons, Robert and Baldwin, in turn held the throne of the Latin Empire. By his first wife Agnes I, Countess of Nevers he had one child, Matilda I, Countess of Nevers. By his second wife Yolanda of Flanders, he had 10 children: Philip (d. 1226), Marquis of Namur, who declined the offer of the crown of the Latin Empire Robert of Courtenay (d. 1228), Latin Emperor Henry (d. 1229), Marquis of Namur Baldwin II of Constantinople (d. 1273) Margaret, Marchioness of Namur, who married first Raoul d'Issoudun and then Henry count of Vianden Elizabeth of Courtenay who married Walter count of Bar and then Eudes sire of Montagu An unnamed daughter who married Tsar Boril of Bulgaria Yolanda de Courtenay, who married Andrew II of Hungary Eleanor, who married Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre Marie de Courtenay, who married Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea Agnes, who married Geoffrey II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea Note on Wife: Yolanda + Yolanda of Flanders (1175–1219) ruled the Latin Empire in Constantinople for her husband Peter II of Courtenay from 1217 to 1219. She was the daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, and Countess Margaret I of Flanders. Two of her brothers, Baldwin I and then Henry, were emperors in Constantinople. After the death of the latter in 1216 there was a brief period without an emperor, before Peter was elected. Peter sent Yolanda to Constantinople while he fought the Despotate of Epirus, during which he was captured. Because his fate was unknown (although he was probably killed), Yolanda ruled as regent. She allied with the Bulgarians against the various Byzantine successor states, and was able to make peace with Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea, who married her daughter. However, she soon died, in 1219. Her second son, Robert of Courtenay, became emperor because her first son did not want the throne. As Robert was still in France at the time, there was technically no emperor until he arrived in 1221. Yolanda was, in her own right, Marchioness of Namur, which she inherited from her uncle, Marquis Philip I, in 1212 and left to her eldest son, Marquis Philip II, when she went to Constantinople in 1216. By Peter of Courtenay she had 10 children: Philip (d. 1226), Marquis of Namur, who declined the offer of the crown of the Latin Empire Robert of Courtenay (d. 1228), Latin Emperor Henry (d. 1229), Marquis of Namur Baldwin II of Constantinople (d. 1273) Margaret, Marchioness of Namur, who married first Raoul d'Issoudun and then Henry count of Vianden Elizabeth, who married Walter count of Bar and then Eudes sire of Montagu Yolanda de Courtenay, who married Andrew II of Hungary Eleanor, who married Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre Marie de Courtenay, who married Theodore I Lascaris of the Empire of Nicaea Agnes, who married Geoffrey II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea
  9. Title: Wikiwand: Constantinople
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Constantinople;
    Note: Constantinople (/ˌkɒnstæntɪˈnoʊpəl/; Greek: "Κωνσταντινούπολις" "Kōnstantinoupolis"; Latin: "Constantinopolis"; Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطينيه‎‎, romanized: "Ḳosṭanṭīnīye") was the capital city of the Roman Empire (330–395), the Byzantine Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the brief Crusader state known as the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and capital as "Istanbul" (Turkified form) of the Ottoman Caliphate (1453–1922). In 324, the ancient city of Byzantium was renamed "New Rome" and declared the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was renamed, and dedicated on 11 May 330. From the mid-5th century to the early 13th century, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe. The city became famous for its architectural masterpieces, such as Hagia Sophia, the cathedral of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which served as the seat of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, the sacred Imperial Palace where the Emperors lived, the Galata Tower, the Hippodrome, the Golden Gate of the Land Walls, and opulent aristocratic palaces. The University of Constantinople was founded in the fifth century and contained artistic and literary treasures before it was sacked in 1204 and 1453, including its vast Imperial Library which contained the remnants of the Library of Alexandria and had 100,000 volumes. The city was the home of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and guardian of Christendom's holiest relics such as the Crown of thorns and the True Cross. Constantinople was famed for its massive and complex fortifications, which ranked among the most sophisticated defensive architecture of Antiquity. The Theodosian Walls consisted of a double wall lying about 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) to the west of the first wall and a moat with palisades in front. Constantinople’s location between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara reduced the land area that needed defensive walls. The city was built intentionally to rival Rome, and it was claimed that several elevations within its walls matched Rome’s "seven hills." The impregnable defenses enclosed magnificent palaces, domes, and towers, the result of prosperity Constantinople achieved as the gateway between two continents (Europe and Asia) and two seas (the Mediterranean and the Black Sea). Although besieged on numerous occasions by various armies, the defenses of Constantinople proved impregnable for nearly nine hundred years. In 1204, however, the armies of the Fourth Crusade took and devastated the city and, for several decades, its inhabitants resided under Latin occupation in a dwindling and depopulated city. In 1261 the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos liberated the city, and after the restoration under the Palaiologos dynasty, enjoyed a partial recovery. With the advent of the Ottoman Empire in 1299, the Byzantine Empire began to lose territories and the city began to lose population. By the early 15th century, the Byzantine Empire was reduced to just Constantinople and its environs, along with Morea in Greece, making it an enclave inside the Ottoman Empire; after a 53-day siege the city eventually fell to the Ottomans, led by Sultan Mehmed II, on 29 May 1453, whereafter it replaced Edirne (Adrianople) as the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. Names Before Constantinople According to Pliny the Elder in his "Natural History," the first known name of a settlement on the site of Constantinople was "Lygos," a settlement likely of Thracian origin founded between the 13th and 11th centuries BC. The site, according to the founding myth of the city, was abandoned by the time Greek settlers from the city-state of Megara founded "Byzantium" (Ancient Greek: "Βυζάντιον," "Byzántion") in around 657 BC, across from the town of Chalcedon on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus. The origins of the name of "Byzantion," more commonly known by the later Latin "Byzantium," are not entirely clear, though some suggest it is of Thracian origin. The founding myth of the city has it told that the settlement was named after the leader of the Megarian colonists, Byzas. The later Byzantines of Constantinople themselves would maintain that the city was named in honor of two men, Byzas and Antes, though this was more likely just a play on the word Byzantion. The city was briefly renamed "Augusta Antonina" in the early 3rd century AD by the Emperor Septimius Severus (193–211), who razed the city to the ground in 196 for supporting a rival contender in the civil war and had it rebuilt in honor of his son Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (who succeeded him as Emperor), popularly known as Caracalla. The name appears to have been quickly forgotten and abandoned, and the city reverted to Byzantium/Byzantion after either the assassination of Caracalla in 217 or, at the latest, the fall of the Severan dynasty in 235. Names of Constantinople Main article: Names of Constantinople Byzantium took on the name of "Kōnstantinoupolis" ("city of Constantine," "Constantinople") after its foundation under Roman emperor Constantine I, who transferred the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in 330 and designated his new capital officially as "Nova Roma" ("Νέα Ῥώμη") "New Rome." During this time, the city was also called "Second Rome," "Eastern Rome," and "Roma Constantinopolitana." As the city became the sole remaining capital of the Roman Empire after the fall of the West, and its wealth, population, and influence grew, the city also came to have a multitude of nicknames. As the largest and wealthiest city in Europe during the 4th–13th centuries and a center of culture and education of the Mediterranean basin, Constantinople came to be known by prestigious titles such as "Basileuousa" (Queen of Cities) and "Megalopolis" (the Great City) and was, in colloquial speech, commonly referred to as just "Polis" ("ἡ Πόλις") "the City" by Constantinopolitans and provincial Byzantines alike. In the language of other peoples, Constantinople was referred to just as reverently. The medieval Vikings, who had contacts with the empire through their expansion in eastern Europe (Varangians) used the Old Norse name Miklagarðr (from mikill 'big' and garðr 'city'), and later Miklagard and Miklagarth.[18] In Arabic, the city was sometimes called Rūmiyyat al-Kubra (Great City of the Romans) and in Persian as Takht-e Rum (Throne of the Romans). In East and South Slavic languages, including in medieval Russia, Constantinople has been referred to as "Tsargrad" ("Царьград") or "Carigrad," "City of the Caesar (Emperor)," from the Slavonic words "tsar" ("Caesar" or "King") and grad "'city"). This was presumably a calque on a Greek phrase such as "Βασιλέως Πόλις" ("Vasileos Polis"), "the city of the emperor [king]." Modern names of the city The modern Turkish name for the city, "İstanbul," derives from the Greek phrase "eis tin Polin" ("εἰς τὴν πόλιν"), meaning "(in)to the city." This name was used in Turkish alongside "Kostantiniyye," the more formal adaptation of the original "Constantinople," during the period of Ottoman rule, while western languages mostly continued to refer to the city as Constantinople until the early 20th century. In 1928, the Turkish alphabet was changed from Arabic script to Latin script. After that, as part of the 1920s Turkification movement, Turkey started to urge other countries to use Turkish names for Turkish cities, instead of other transliterations to Latin script that had been used in Ottoman times. In time the city came to be known as Istanbul and its variations in most world languages. The name "Constantinople" is still used by members of the Eastern Orthodox Church in the title of one of their most important leaders, the Orthodox patriarch based in the city, referred to as "His Most Divine All-Holiness the Archbishop of Constantinople New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch." In Greece today, the city is still called "Konstantinoúpoli(s)," ("Κωνσταντινούπολις/Κωνσταντινούπολη") or simply just "the City" ("Η Πόλη"). History Foundation of Byzantium Main article: Byzantium Constantinople was founded by the Roman Emperor Constantine I (272–337) in 324 on the site of an already-existing city, Byzantium, which was settled in the early days of Greek colonial expansion, in around 657 BC, by colonists of the city-state of Megara. This is the first major settlement that would develop on the site of later Constantinople, but the first known settlements was that of Lygos, referred to in Pliny's Natural Histories. Apart from this, little is known about this initial settlement. The site, according to the founding myth of the city, was abandoned by the time Greek settlers from the city-state of Megara founded Byzantium (Βυζάντιον) in around 657 BC, across from the town of Chalcedon on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus. Hesychius of Miletus wrote that some "claim that people from Megara, who derived their descent from Nisos, sailed to this place under their leader Byzas, and invent the fable that his name was attached to the city." Some versions of the founding myth say Byzas was the son of a local nymph, while others say he was conceived by one of Zeus' daughters and Poseidon. Hesychius also gives alternate versions of the city's founding legend, which he attributed to old poets and writers: "It is said that the first Argives, after having received this prophecy from Pythia, Blessed are those who will inhabit that holy city, a narrow strip of the Thracian shore at the mouth of the Pontos, where two pups drink of the gray sea, where fish and stag graze on the same pasture, set up their dwellings at the place where the rivers Kydaros and Barbyses have their estuaries, one flowing from the north, the other from the west, and merging with the sea at the altar of the nymph called Semestre" The city maintained independence as a city-state until it was annexed by Darius I is 512 BC into the Persian Empire, who saw the site as the optimal location to construct a pontoon b...
  10. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Pierre de Courtenay II Emperor of Constantinople Count of Nevers -
    Author: Stirnet.com, Peter Barns-Graham, Chairman, Name: http://www.stirnet.com;, Page number: Capet04, Flanders2, Burgundy2, Hungary1
    Note: Peter Barns-Graham, Chairman, Stirnet.com (http://www.stirnet.com).
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3246398939
  11. Title: Wikiwand: County of Namur
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/County_of_Namur;
    Note: Namur (Dutch: "Namen") was a county of the Carolingian and later Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries. Its territories largely correspond with the present-day Belgian arrondissement Namur plus the northwestern part of the arrondissement Dinant, both part of the modern province of Namur, and previously part of the French Republican department of Sambre-et-Meuse. Prehistory to the Roman period The city of Namur most likely arose around "the Champeau," a rocky hill between the Sambre and the Meuse. Numerous prehistoric flint weapons have been found in the area. During Roman times the region around Namur was first mentioned in Julius Caesar's "Commentarii de Bello Gallico" in the second half of the 1st century BC. To the west of Namur were the Nervii, and to the east the Germani cisrhenani, but it has been suggested that Namur itself may have been home to the Aduatuci who Caesar described as descendants of the Cimbri and Teutones. (Today it is considered more likely to have been at Thuin.) In Caesar's wars the Roman legions conquered numerous Belgic cities and settlements. After this defeat the Belgae and their territory were incorporated into the Roman Empire. The Medieval period The county of Namur (Latin: "in pago Namurcensis") was first listed as part of the Lommegau ("pagus or comitatus Lommensis") in the year 832 in a document by Emperor Louis the Pious. In 992, Emperor Otto III titles Albert I count of Namur for the first time. The first count of note was Albert III (1063–1102), who acquired wardship over the prince-abbacy of Stavelot-Malmédy. Until the start of the 12th century, Namur was threatened by its powerful neighbours Brabant, Hainaut and Liège. Important parts of the county were annexed; the city of Dinant, for example, came into possession of Liège. From the 12th century on, the counts of Namur managed to more or less compensate for the losses they had suffered. Count Godfrey, for example, acquired the county of Longwy, thanks to his marriage with Ermesinde of Luxembourg. The last important figure from the first house that ruled Namur was Henry I (1139–96). Henry I inherited the counties of Durbuy, La Roche-en-Ardenne and Luxembourg. After Henry's death, a fierce succession war broke out between Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, and Henry's daughter Ermesinde. Baldwin V eventually received the county of Namur while Ermesine received Luxembourg, Laroche and Durbuy. The situation remained more or less stable until 1263. In this year, the count of Namur, Baldwin II of Courtenay, sold his county to the count of Flanders, Guy of Dampierre. The house of Dampierre would rule until 1421, when the county of Namur was sold to the Burgundian duke Philip the Good. The Burgundian and Habsburg periods After the county of Namur was bought by Philip the Good, he integrated it into a large territorial and political union, called the Burgundian Netherlands. From the 15th century on, the Southern Netherlands (and with it the county of Namur) were ruled by the Habsburgs. Under their new rule, the military importance of the city of Namur steadily grew. The Burgundians and Habsburgs strengthened the city and built new walls around it. During the 16th and 17th centuries the city became an important military stronghold, and was repeatedly besieged for this reason. The Spanish period During the Spanish period (16th and 17th century), Namur received a bishopric's seat. The Spanish king Philip II wanted to turn Namur into a catholic bastion as a bulwark against the rise of Calvinism. Thus Philip II required several religious orders to establish themselves in Namur. In consequence the city gained a specific catholic character. Philip II also managed to make considerable reïnforcements to the Citadel of Namur. In 1577, Philip II sent Don Juan of Austria to the Netherlands as the new governor. In Namur, Don Juan received Margaret of Valois (the sister of the French king), and organised a magnificent celebration in her honor. Troubled times and changing rulers Namur has had a crucial military role throughout history. After the Spanish period, the strategically important city was repeatedly besieged. In 1692, the troops of Louis XIV of France took the city after a lengthy and furious siege. Louis and his legendary military engineer Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban personally oversaw the siege. Three years later, in 1695, William III of Orange retook Namur. But the Dutch occupation did not last long. At the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, the Southern Netherlands came under the rule of the Austrian house of Habsburg. Though the Austrians ruled over the city, the strategically important citadel remained in the hands of the Dutch. The Austrian rule returned peace and calm to the Netherlands. The French revolutionists and the United Kingdom of the Netherlands In 1790 the county of Namur was one of the founders of the United States of Belgium. In 1794 the revolutionary France occupied Namur, immediately introducing a repressive regime. Namur became part of the French department of Sambre-et-Meuse. The French occupation was abruptly ended following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. In the Congress of Vienna that followed, the southern and Northern Netherlands were combined to form the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. In this period the citadel was again rebuilt and more or less received its present-day looks. The kingdom of the Netherlands would not last long. In 1830 the Belgian revolution broke out, in which Belgium became independent from the Netherlands. The strategically important bastion of Namur played a decisive role in the battles associated with the Belgian revolution. Economic activities The economic activities of the County of Namur were diverse. Next to the cultivation of grapes in the river valleys, the agriculture also cultivated flax, that formed the basis of the wool industry. Clay formed the raw materials for the ceramic-production and for the making of molds for the so-called dinanderie, the overall name for the yellow copper brass art objects such as lecterns, candleholders, tableware and others. The metal industry was also important: In the 16th century the mouth of the Meuse (Dinant, Bouvignes, Namur, but also Huy and Liège) was the central region for metallurgy in the Southern Netherlands. Along the banks of the Meuse, limestone was mined and exported.
  12. Title: "The Art of Verifying the Dates of Historical Facts, Charters, Chronicles, and Other Ancient Monuments, Since the Birth of Jesus Christ," by Saint-Allais
    Author: the art of verifying the dates of historical facts l'art de vérifier les dates des faits historiques
    Publication: Name: https://books.google.fr/books?id=8H9ZAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA77&lpg=RA1-PA77&dq=s%C3%A9pulture+d%27agnes+de+nevers&source=bl&ots=jO87Qzo3mq&sig=ACfU3U17I95fZdYwjuMxpjVyYnkCk2ndkQ&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjiutWbxoHoAhUJmBQKHeJDAjAQ6AEwAnoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=s%C3%A9pulture%20d'agnes%20de%20nevers&f=false;
  13. Title: Counts of Hainaut Family Tree, 1055-1433 [See document in the Memories section]
    Note: Counts of Hainaut Family Tree, 1055-1433 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Counts of Hainaut Family Tree, 1055-1433 [See document in the Memories section]
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