Robert Cromwell Lord of Carleton

• Preferred Name: Robert Cromwell Lord of Carleton^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}
  
• Alternate Name: Robert of Carleton
  
• Gender: M
  
• Birth: 1390 in Carlton On Trent, Nottinghamshire, England at LATI: N3.1674 LONG: E0.8207
  
• Death: 29 MAR 1461 in Battle of Towton, Towton, Yorkshire, England at LATI: N3.85 LONG: E1.2667
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Sir
  
• FSID: G9RM-HNF
  
• Cause+of+Death: 29 MAR 1461 in Towton, Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom at LATI: N3.8499 LONG: E1.2635 with note: Description: killed in the Battle of Towton Field
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  The Lancastrian Robert Cromwell of Carleton upon Trent,[1][2] [3] was born c.1390 in Carleton, Nottinghamshire.[1][4]
  
  He died 29 March 1461 at the Battle of Towton during the Wars of the Roses. [5]
  
  "His lease of Cromwell House was seized by Yorkist Sir Humphrey Bourchier -- husband of Joan Stanhope, granddaughter of the ninth Ralph through his daughter Matilda, wife of Sir Richard Stanhope." [3]
  
  "Robert left a son William, ancestor of Oliver Cromwell, and daughter Margaret, the ancestor of both Oliver Cromwell and Richard Williams of Taunton."[3]
  
  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Cromwell-46
  
  Sir Robert Cromwell
  Died in the Battle of the Roses.

1. Margaret Cromwell, b. 1418 in Carlton on Trent, Nottinghamshire, England     d. 14 APR 1467 in Carlton on Trent, Nottinghamshire, England

1. Title: Wikiwand: Baron Cromwell
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Baron_Cromwell;
   Note: Baron Cromwell is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of England. The first creation, which was by writ, was for John de Cromwell in 1308. On his death, the barony became extinct. The second creation came in 1375 when Ralph de Cromwell was summoned by writ to Parliament as Lord Cromwell. His grandson, the third Baron, served as Lord High Treasurer to King Henry VI. However, on his death in 1455 the barony fell into abeyance between his nieces Maude and Joan. On Joan's death in 1490 the abeyance was terminated in favour of Maude, the fourth holder. When she died childless in 1497 the peerage once again fell into abeyance, this time between the daughters of the first Baron. The title remained in abeyance for over 400 years. However, in 1922 the Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords reported in favour of the petition for the termination of the abeyancy of Selina Frances Bewicke-Copley, wife of Brigadier-General Sir Charles Watson Bewicke-Copley. She was the daughter of Sir Charles Watson Copley, 3rd Baronet, and one of the co-heirs of Maud, daughter of the first Baron Cromwell. Selina died in 1923 and in July of the same year the abeyance was terminated in favour of her son Robert Godfrey Wolesley Bewicke-Copley, who became the fifth Baron. He notably served as Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire. As of 2010 the ancient barony is held by his grandson, the seventh Baron, who succeeded his father in 1982. Having lost his seat in the House of Lords under the House of Lords Act 1999, in April 2014 he was elected at a hereditary peers' by-election as a Crossbencher. The third creation of the title came in 1461 when Sir Humphrey Bourchier was summoned by writ to Parliament as Lord Cromwell. On his death the barony became extinct. The fourth creation of the title came in 1536 for the famous statesman Thomas Cromwell, who served in many political offices, including Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord Chancellor, and Lord Privy Seal. In contrast to the three previous creations this peerage was created by letters patent. In 1540, Lord Cromwell was made Earl of Essex (1540 creation), but later that year he was executed for treason, and all of his titles were forfeit. The final creation of the title came in 1540 for Cromwell's son, Gregory, also by letters patent. His great-grandson, the fourth Baron, was made Earl of Ardglass in 1645. Barons Cromwell, First Creation (1308) John de Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell (d. c. 1335) Barons Cromwell, Second Creation (1375) Ralph de Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell (d. 1398) Ralph de Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell (1368–1417) Ralph de Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell (1403–1455) (abeyant 1455) Maud Stanhope, 4th Baroness Cromwell (d. 1497) (became sole heir 1490; abeyant 1497) Robert Godfrey Wolesley Bewicke-Copley, 5th Baron Cromwell (1893–1966) (abeyance terminated 1923) David Godfrey Bewicke-Copley, 6th Baron Cromwell (1929–1982) Godfrey John Bewicke-Copley, 7th Baron Cromwell (b. 1960) The heir apparent is the present holder's son the Hon. David Godfrey Bewicke-Copley (b. 1998) Barons Cromwell, Third Creation (1461) Humphrey Bourchier, 1st Baron Cromwell (d. 1471) Barons Cromwell, Fourth Creation (1536) Baron Cromwell, of Wimbledon in the County of Surrey: Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex (forfeit 1540) Barons Cromwell, Fifth Creation (1540) Baron Cromwell, of Oakham in the County of Rutland: Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell (c. 1514–1551) Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell (1538–1592) Edward Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell (c. 1560–1607) Thomas Cromwell, 4th Baron Cromwell (1594–1653) (created 1st Viscount Lecale in 1624 and 1st Earl of Ardglass in 1645) Wingfield Cromwell, 5th Baron Cromwell (1624–1668) Thomas Cromwell, 6th Baron Cromwell (1653–1682) Vere Essex Cromwell, 7th Baron Cromwell (1625–1687)
   
2. Title: Tudor Place: Robert CROMWELL
   Publication: Name: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/CROMWELL.htm#Robert%20CROMWELL1;
   Note: Born: ABT 1390, probably Carleton on Trent, Nottinghamshire, England Died: ABT 1461 Father: John CROMWELL Mother: ¿? Married: ¿? Children: 1. William CROMWELL 2. Margaret CROMWELL
   
3. Title: Wikiwand: Battle of Towton
   Author: from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Battle_of_Towton;
   Note: The Battle of Towton was fought on 29 March 1461 during the English Wars of the Roses, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire. A culminating battle in the dynastic struggles between the houses of Lancaster and York for control of the English throne, the engagement ended in an overwhelming victory for the Yorkists. It brought about a change of monarchs in England, with the victor, the Yorkist Edward IV having displaced the Lancastrian Henry VI (on the throne since 1422) as king, and thus driving the head of the Lancastrians and his key supporters out of the country. It is described as "probably the largest and bloodiest battle ever fought on English soil," and according to historical sources, probably the longest. According to chroniclers, more than 50,000 Yorkist and Lancastrian soldiers fought for hours amidst a snowstorm on that day, which was Palm Sunday. A newsletter circulated a week after the battle reported that 28,000 died on the battlefield. Contemporary accounts described Henry VI as peaceful and pious, not suited for the violent dynastic civil wars, such as the Wars of the Roses. He had periods of insanity while his inherent benevolence eventually required his wife, Margaret of Anjou, to assume control of his kingdom, which contributed to his own downfall. His ineffectual rule had encouraged the nobles' schemes to establish control over him, and the situation deteriorated into a civil war between the supporters of Margaret and those of Richard, Duke of York. After the Yorkists captured Henry in 1460, the English parliament passed an Act of Accord to let York and his line succeed Henry as king. Margaret refused to accept the dispossession of her son's right to the throne and, along with fellow Lancastrian malcontents, raised an army. Richard of York was killed at the Battle of Wakefield and his titles, including the claim to the throne, passed to his eldest son Edward. Nobles who were previously hesitant to support Richard's claim to the throne considered the Lancastrians to have reneged on the Act – a legal agreement – and Edward found enough backing to denounce Henry and declare himself king. The Battle of Towton was to affirm the victor's right to rule over England through force of arms. On reaching the battlefield, the Yorkists found themselves heavily outnumbered. Part of their force under the Duke of Norfolk had yet to arrive. The Yorkist leader Lord Fauconberg turned the tables by ordering his archers to take advantage of the strong wind to outrange their enemies. The one-sided missile exchange, with Lancastrian arrows falling short of the Yorkist ranks, provoked the Lancastrians into abandoning their defensive positions. The ensuing hand-to-hand combat lasted hours, exhausting the combatants. The arrival of Norfolk's men reinvigorated the Yorkists and, encouraged by Edward, they routed their foes. Many Lancastrians were killed while fleeing; some trampled each other and others drowned in the rivers, which are said to have made them run red with blood for several days. Several who were taken as prisoners were executed. The power of the House of Lancaster was severely reduced after this battle. Henry fled the country, and many of his most powerful followers were dead or in exile after the engagement, letting Edward rule England uninterrupted for nine years, before a brief restoration of Henry to the throne. Later generations remembered the battle as depicted in William Shakespeare's dramatic adaptation of Henry's life—"Henry VI, Part 3," Act 2, Scene 5. In 1929, the Towton Cross was erected on the battlefield to commemorate the event. Various archaeological remains and mass graves related to the battle were found in the area centuries after the engagement. Setting Further information: Wars of the Roses In 1461, England was in the sixth year of the Wars of the Roses, a series of civil wars between the houses of York and Lancaster over the English throne. The Lancastrians backed the reigning King of England, Henry VI, an indecisive man who had bouts of madness. The leader of the Yorkists was initially Richard, Duke of York, who resented the dominance of a small number of aristocrats favoured by the king, principally his close relatives, the Beaufort family. Fuelled by rivalries between influential supporters of both factions, York's attempts to displace Henry's favourites from power led to war. After capturing Henry at the Battle of Northampton in 1460, the duke, who was of royal blood, issued his claim to the throne. Even York's closest supporters among the nobility were reluctant to usurp the dynasty; the nobles passed by a majority vote the Act of Accord, which ruled that the duke and his heirs would succeed the throne upon Henry's death. The Queen of England, Margaret of Anjou, refused to accept an arrangement that deprived her son—Edward of Westminster—of his birthright. She had fled to Scotland after the Yorkist victory at Northampton; there she began raising an army, promising her followers the freedom to plunder on the march south through England. Her Lancastrian supporters also mustered in the north of England, preparing for her arrival. York marched with his army to meet this threat but he was lured into a trap at the Battle of Wakefield and killed. The duke and his second son Edmund, Earl of Rutland were decapitated by the Lancastrians and their heads were impaled on spikes atop the Micklegate Bar, a gatehouse of the city of York. The leadership of the House of York passed onto the duke's heir, Edward. The victors of Wakefield were joined by Margaret's army and they marched south, plundering settlements in their wake. They liberated Henry after defeating the Yorkist army of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, in the Second Battle of St Albans and continued pillaging on their way to London. The city of London refused to open its gates to Henry and Margaret for fear of being looted. The Lancastrian army was short of supplies and had no adequate means to replenish them. When Margaret learned that Richard of York's eldest son Edward, Earl of March and his army had won the Battle of Mortimer's Cross in Herefordshire and were marching towards London, she withdrew the Lancastrians to York. Warwick and the remnants of his army marched from St Albans to join Edward's men and the Yorkists were welcomed into London. Having lost custody of Henry, the Yorkists needed a justification to continue the rebellion against the king and his Lancastrian followers. On 4 March, Warwick proclaimed the young Yorkist leader as King Edward IV. The proclamation gained greater acceptance than Richard of York's earlier claim, as several nobles opposed to letting Edward's father ascend the throne viewed the Lancastrian actions as a betrayal of the legally established Accord. The country now had two kings—a situation that could not be allowed to persist, especially if Edward were to be formally crowned. Edward offered amnesty to any Lancastrian supporter who renounced Henry. The move was intended to win over the commoners; his offer did not extend to wealthy Lancastrians (mostly the nobles). The young king summoned and ordered his followers to march towards York to take back his family's city and to formally depose Henry through force of arms. The Yorkist army moved along three routes. Warwick's uncle, Lord Fauconberg, led a group to clear the way to York for the main body, which was led by Edward. The Duke of Norfolk was sent east to raise forces and rejoin Edward before the battle. Warwick's group moved to the west of the main body, through the Midlands, gathering men as they went. On 28 March, the leading elements of the Yorkist army came upon the remains of the crossing in Ferrybridge that spanned the River Aire. They were rebuilding the bridge when they were attacked and routed by a band of about 500 Lancastrians, led by Lord Clifford. Learning of the encounter, Edward led the main Yorkist army to the bridge and was forced into a gruelling battle; although the Yorkists were superior in numbers, the narrow bridge was a bottleneck, forcing them to confront Clifford's men on equal terms. Edward sent Fauconberg and his horsemen to ford the river at Castleford, which should have been guarded by Henry Earl of Northumberland but he arrived late, by which time the Yorkists had crossed the ford and were heading to attack the Lancastrians at Ferrybridge from the flank. The Lancastrians retreated but were chased to Dinting Dale where they were all killed; Clifford was slain by an arrow to his throat. Having cleared the vicinity of enemy forces, the Yorkists repaired the bridge and pressed onwards to camp overnight at Sherburn-in-Elmet. The Lancastrian army marched to Tadcaster, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Towton and made camp. As dawn broke, the two rival armies struck camp under dark skies and strong winds. Although it was Palm Sunday, a day of holy significance to Christians, the forces prepared for battle and a few documents named the engagement the Battle of Palme Sonday Felde but the name did not gain wide acceptance. Popular opinion favoured naming the battle after the village of Towton because of its proximity and it being the most prominent in the area. Force compositions Contemporary sources declare that the two armies were huge, stating that more than 100,000 men fought in the battle. An account in William Gregory's Chronicle of London (15th century) by a soldier who had served in the Wars, claimed that the Yorkists had 200,000 soldiers, while the Lancastrian army had even more. Later historians believe that these figures were exaggerated and that a combined figure of around 50,000 is more likely. Nevertheless, the armies gathered at Towton were among the largest at the time. An analysis of skeletons found in a mass grave in 1996 showed that the soldiers came from all walks of life; they were on average 30 years old and several were veterans of previous engagements. Many knights and noblemen, appro..
   
4. Title: WikiTree: Robert Cromwell (abt. 1390 - 1461)
   Author: Sources ↑ 1.0 1.1 Heritage Consulting. The Millennium File. Salt Lake City, UT Repo Note: NS043303. Ancestry.com. Jun 22, 2011 by Ted Williams. ↑ Ancestry Family Trees Repo Note: NS044443. Jun 22, 2011 by Ted Williams. . Ancestry.com ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 The New England Historical and Genealogical Register Vol. LI. pp.210. Jan 1897. Whole no. 201. The Society. Google Books. p. 210 ↑ Jul 29, 2011 by Alexis Connolly. OneWorldTree Repo: R1
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Cromwell-46;
   Note: Robert Cromwell Born about 1390 in Carleton On Trnt, Nottinghamshire, England [uncertain] ANCESTORS ancestors Son of John Cromwell and Margaret (De Cromwell) Cromwell Brother of Richard Cromwell [half] Husband of Joan (Smythe) Cromwell — married [date unknown] [location unknown] DESCENDANTS descendants Father of William Cromwell and Margaret Cromwell Died 29 Mar 1461 in Towton, Yorkshire, England Profile manager: Sharon Meeds Cromwell-46 created 12 Sep 2010 | Last modified 5 Apr 2019 Biography The Lancastrian Robert Cromwell of Carleton upon Trent, was born c.1390 in Carleton, Nottinghamshire. He died 29 March 1461 at the Battle of Towton during the Wars of the Roses. "His lease of Cromwell House was seized by Yorkist Sir Humphrey Bourchier -- husband of Joan Stanhope, granddaughter of the ninth Ralph through his daughter Matilda, wife of Sir Richard Stanhope." "Robert left a son William, ancestor of Oliver Cromwell, and daughter Margaret, the ancestor of both Oliver Cromwell and Richard Williams of Taunton."
   
5. Title: Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors
   Author: Citations [S11597] Ancestry.com, Information submitted by Tracy Carlisle.
   Publication: Name: https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p2526.htm#i75898;
   Note: Sir Robert Cromwell, Lord Carleton1 Last Edited 4 Apr 2020 M, #75898, b. circa 1390, d. 29 March 1461 Father Sir John Cromwell b. c 1365 Mother Margaret1 b. c 1368, d. 10 Aug 1434 Sir Robert Cromwell, Lord Carleton was born circa 1390 at of Carleton-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England. He married Joan Smyth, daughter of John Smyth and Joan Willoughby, circa 1414 at of Norwell, Nottinghamshire, England.1 Sir Robert Cromwell, Lord Carleton died on 29 March 1461 at Battle of Towton, Towton, Yorkshire, England. Family Joan Smyth b. c 1393, d. 10 Aug 1434 Child Margaret Cromwell+ b. c 1418, d. 14 Apr 1467