Archibald Douglas 3rd Earl of Douglas

• Preferred Name: Archibald Douglas 3rd Earl of Douglas^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}
  
• Alternate Name: Archibald the Grim
  
• Alternate Name: Archibald the Black
  
• Alternate Name: Archibald Douglas
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: 1400 in Bothwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland at LATI: N5.8035 LONG: E4.0684
  
• Fact: with note: Description: He had 11 children
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 1369 with note: Description: Lord of Douglas
  
• Occupation: Warden of the West Marches1364
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Earl of Wigtown1372
  
• Birth: 1328 in Roxburghshire, Scotland at LATI: N5.4667 LONG: E2.7833
  
• Info 6: with note: Description: See Burke's Peerage under "Queensbury" family search
  
• Death: 24 DEC 1400 in Threave Castle, Dumfries, Scotland at LATI: N5.1478 LONG: E3.6428
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 3rd Earl of Douglas1388
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 1369 with note: Description: Lord of Bothwell
  
• Occupation: Constable of Edinburgh Castle1361
  
• Event: ABT 1360 in Uddingston, Strathclyde, Scotland at LATI: N5.8 LONG: E4.0667 with note: Description: Bothwell Castle family search
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 1369 with note: Description: Lord of Galloway
  
• FSID: LBS5-G9N
  
• Notes:

  Description: Threave Castle
  
  update

• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Archibald Douglas, Earl of Douglas and Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Douglas and Bothwell (c. 1330 – c. 24 December 1400), called Archibald the Grim or Black Archibald, was a late medieval Scottish nobleman. Archibald was the bastard son of Sir James "the Black" Douglas, Robert I's trusted lieutenant, and an unknown mother. A first cousin of William 1st Earl of Douglas, he inherited the earldom of Douglas and its entailed estates as the third earl following the death without legitimate issue of James 2nd Earl of Douglas at the Battle of Otterburn.
  
  Gave land to Robert Rutherford of Chatto and Jean Douglas. See, https://digital.nls.uk/histories-of-scottish-families/archive/95747959#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=51&xywh=548%2C1912%2C1879%2C1392
  
  Find more about him at this website.
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Douglas,_3rd_Earl_of_Douglas
  
  Archibald [called Archibald the Grim, Archibald the Terrible], Lord of Galloway and third Earl of Douglas (c.1320–1400), was the illegitimate son of Sir James Douglas, lord of Douglas (d. 1330).
  He
  
  Despite his later success, information on Archibald's origins and early life is extremely limited. He was probably born about 1320 and, to escape capture by the English, he may have been sent to Franc
  
  In the decade from 1342 Archibald Douglas followed Sir William, witnessing one of his charters (in which he is named as a kinsman) and visiting England as his agent and servant.
  The death of his mast
  
  Although he continued to appear in Earl William's entourage during the late 1350s, from 1360 Archibald was moving into royal service, acting as the king's sheriff of Edinburgh and keeper of Edinburgh
  
  Archibald’s grandson, was the first formally to assume the title of lord of Douglas. After the death of his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Alexander the Steward, he abducted from the manor of the
  
  ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS, 3RD EARL OF DOUGLAS
  Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas lived from 1328 to 24 December 1400. Also known as Archibald the Grim, he later became Lord of Galloway and easily one of the most powerful men in southern Scotl
  
  Biography
  Archibald Douglas was the son of Sir James Douglas, the good.[1][2]
  
  He fought at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 and later became Lord of Galloway in 1369. He later began work on Threave Castle, which
  
  Biography
  Archibald Douglas was the son of Sir James Douglas, the good.[1][2]
  
  He fought at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 and later became Lord of Galloway in 1369. He later began work on Threave Castle, which
  
  ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS, 3RD EARL OF DOUGLAS
  Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas lived from 1328 to 24 December 1400. Also known as Archibald the Grim, he later became Lord of Galloway and easily one of the most powerful men in southern Scotl
  
  Archibald Douglas, Earl of Douglas and Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Douglas and Bothwell
  Archibald Douglas, Earl of Douglas and Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Douglas and Bothwell, called Archibald the Grim or Black Archibald, was a late medieval Scottish nobleman. Archibald was the bastard s
  
  My 18th Great Grandfather
  
  === Third Earl of Douglas;
  
  Lord of Galloway ===
  Third Earl of Douglas;
  
  Lord of Galloway and Bothwell, 1325- 1400
  
  Most Powerful subject of the realm
  
  === Called "The Grim" was the 3rd Earl Doug ===
  Called "The Grim" was the 3rd Earl Douglas. He was the Lord ofGalloway who fought against the English at Poiters in 1356. He built Threave Tower onThreave Island on the River Dee about 1 miles inland from Kircudbright.Threace was th seat of the Black Douglasses until its forfeiture in 1455 afterwhich it was maintained by the Maxwells as jointure for Scottish Queens. In 1639 itwas sieged by Covenanters. He was a bastard, and his offspring are undetermined, but are here listed as in "A New History of Scotland" by William Croft Dickson.
  
  === Illegitimate son of Sir James Douglas, A ===
  Illegitimate son of Sir James Douglas, Archibald was knighted for his service in the French war of 1356. In 1361 he was made constable of Edinburgh, and in 1364 he bacame warden of the Western Marches. From 1380 until his death he both arranged truces with the English and engaged them in battle.
  
  === Bastard son of Sir James "the Good." De ===
  Bastard son of Sir James "the Good." Death date is not certain.
  
  === ARCHIBALD (DOUGLAS), EARL OF DOUGLAS [SC ===
  ARCHIBALD (DOUGLAS), EARL OF DOUGLAS [SCT], Lord of Galloway, &c., called "The Grim," illegitimate son of "the good Sir James Douglas", who was uncle of the 1st Earl. He was born about 1325; was with the Earl, his cousin, at the battle of Poitiers, 19 September 1356, and greatly distinguished himself in various inroads against tile English. Lord Warden of the Marches 1368 till his death. Under the settlement of May 1342, whereby the Douglas lands were entailed on the 1st Earl and his issue male, with divers remainders, he succeeded thereto and, in consequence (apparently), to the Earldom, in 1388, on the failure of such legitimate male issue. He was appointed a Conservator of a truce with the English, 16 July 1390. He married (dispensation 23 July 1362) Joan, widow of Sir Thomas MORAY, Lord of Bothwell ("Parietarius Scotiae"), by whom he acquired that Lordship, only child and heir of Morice (MORAY), EARL OF STRATHERNE, by Joan, daughter of Sir John MENTEITH. He died (having survived his father 70 years) probably on Christmas Eve, 1400, certainly shortly before 9 February 1400, at Threave (anciently Treif), and was buried at Bothwell. His widow, living January 1402/3, was probably dead in August 1409. [Complete Peerage IV:433]
  
  _____________________________________
  
  Archibald Douglas, third Earl Douglas, called 'the Grim' (1328?-1400?), was a natural son of 'the Good' Sir James Douglas, and must therefore have been born before 1330, the date of his father's death in Spain. Hume of Godscroft, the first family historian of the Douglases, supposes him to have been a brother of James, the second earl, probably to conceal the stain of bastardy which in the seventeenth century, when he wrote, was deamed more dishonourable than in the fourteenth. Archibald, though illegitimate, had been inserted by Hugh of Douglas, brother of 'Good' Sir James and canon of Glasgow in 1342, in the entail of the Douglas estates after William the first earl and his heirs male, and Sir William the Knight of LIddesdale and his heirs male. Both of these branches failed, and Archibald, styling himself Lord of Galloway on the death of James the second earl at Otterburn, presented this charter to the parliament of 1389, which recognised his claim to the estates. The name of his mother is unknown. His illegitimacy probably prevented him from becoming early prominent, but a bastart of a good family had, like the bastard Faulconbridge in 'King John,' the opportunity of winning distinction in arms. Archibald Douglas served under his cousin William, the first earl, in the French war of 1356, was taken prisoner at Poictiers, but saved from captivity by Sir William Ramsay, who pretended he was a servant who had put on his master's armour, and ransomed him for forty shillings. On his way home through England, though bearing a safe-conduct, he was detained a prisoner, and only released on bail in May 1357 at the request of the Scottish embassy, which then made a truce with Edward III, but two years after his bail was restored. Before his return home he had been knighted, and is henceforth generally known as Sir Archibald Douglas, and more familiarly as the Black Douglas in the chroicles and restable of Edinburgh, and about the same time held the office of sheriff of that town. In the rising of Robert the Steward, aided by the first Earl of Douglas, against David II, Sir Archibald appears to have sided with the king. He retained at any rate his offices as constable and sheirff, and in August 1364 appears in the still more important position of warden of the western marches in an agreement, with reference to the tenants fo Lochmaben, with the representative of the Earl of Hereford, who then held a great part of Annandale. A truce with England for four years in 1365 enabled him to make a pilgrimage to St Denye, but he was again in Scotland in 1367. In the following year his appointment as warden of the western marches was continued, and the king, by a charger of 18 Sept 1369, granted to him the lands of Galloway between the Cree and the Nith, formerly held by Edward Bruce. Three years later he acquired by purchase from Thomas Fleming, earl of Galloway, the lands of the earldom of Wigton, which included the whole district from the Cree to the western shore. Henceforth he is usually styled Lord of Galloway. His settlement in Galloway had the twofold object of giving the warden of the west a strong personal interest in the marches, and of placing a firm hand over that turbulent province, the romote remnant of ancient Cumbria, and which, like Cumbria at an earlier date, still retained sufficient Celtic customs and language to submit unwillingly to feudal law and order. The Earl of Wigton had confessed his inability to govern this district, which Douglas by a firm bu rigerous administration of justice succeeded in accomplishing. This took the ordinary form of compelling the chiefs to accept charters from him if they could show none from his predecessors whereby their estates were placed under the ridig machinery of fines and forfeiture imposed by the feudal law should they fail in fulfilling their obligations. In May 1369 Sir Archibald appears in a new charter, as ambassador to the French court in connection with the divorce suit against Margaret Drummond, the wife of David II, which she had carried by appeal to the pope at Avignon. This embassy, tha ccounts of which are in the Exchequer Records, was costly but unsuccessful, for the queen gained her suit. At the coronation of Robert II, at Scone, on 26 March 1371, Sir Archibald took the oath of fealty and joined in the declaration in favour of the Earl of Carrick as heir-apparent. He was then sent on a special embassy to announce Robert's succession and renew the French alliance, along with Walter Trail, bishop of Glasgow, which was done by a treaty signed by Charles V at Vincennes on 30 June and by Robert II on 21 Oct. On his return to Scotland Sir Archibald was chiefly occupied with his duties as warden, now doing his best to keep the peace and obtain safe passage for Scottish merchants, and at another time taking part in the skirmishes which chequered the apparent truce, as in that with Sir Thomas Musgrave near Berwick in 1377, in which he assisted his chief the first earl. His personal prowess in wielding a two-handed sword two ells in length, which no other man could lift, is specially noticed by Froissart. In 1380 he was one of the commissioners who negotiated the prolongation of the truce of 1369 till Candlemas 1384 with John of Gaunt and the English commission, and when Gaunt came to Scotland Sir Archibald joined with the Earl of Douglas in securing his favourable reception.
  
  On the expiry of the truce he led an expedition against Lochmaben, one of the chief strongholds of the border, supported by the Earls of Douglas and March, and succeeded in enforcing its capitulation on 4 Feb 1384. Shortly after this he entered into an agreement with Henry Percy for a truce till July, and he appears as one of the commissioners at Ayton when this truce was renewed from July till October. In November he was at the parliament at Holyrood and undertook to maintian justice in Galloway while protesting for the observance fo the special customs of that district. When in 1385 the war was renewed with the aid of the French contingent of man and arms brought over by Sir John de Vienne, Sir Archibald took part in the English raids which ended ingloriously throught the unwillingness of the Scottish commanders, the Earls of Douglas and March, to risk a battle. In that which took place after the departure of the French against Cockermouth, Sir Archibald, as was natural from his office of warden, was the principal leader. It also resulted only in plunder. When the great muster was made in 1388 to invade England, Sir Archibald, at the head of the largest part of the Scotch force, was sent to the western frontier, while the Earl of Douglas was detached to make a diversion and the first attack on the east marches. The earl, though he gained a brilliant victory, lost his life at Otterburn.
  
  As he left no legitimate issue, Sir Archibald succeeded to the Douglas estates under the entail of 1342, and a claim to a portion of them by Sir Malcolm Drummond, husband of the late earl's sister, was declared groundless in the parliament of April 1389. In the summer of this year, along with Robert, earl of Fife, the king's brother, he invaded England, and challenged the earl marshal, who during the captivity of the Percies had become warden of the English marches, to a single combat or a pitched battle; but both challenges were declined. Towards the close of the year and again in 1391 Sir Archibald, after April 1385 styled Earl of Douglas, favoured the negotiations, which resulted in including Scotland in the peace between England and France. This peace, which continued till 1400, left him to the more ordinary duties of a warden, the adjustment of disputes, reclaiming of fugitives, and the acting as umpire in duels. A special code of the laws of the marches was prepared by him, and when renewed and promulgated in 1448 was called the 'Statutes and Customes of the Marches in tyme of War which had been ordered to be kept in the days of Black Archibald of Douglas and his son.' In the last year of his life he arranged the marriage of his daughter Marjory to David, duke of Rothesay, the eldest son of Robert III. Rothesay had been previously promised in marriage to the daughter of the Earl of March, and the breach of this engagement led to the defection of that powerful noble, the rival in the borders of the house of Douglas, who now went over to the English interests and induced Henry IV to declare war against Scotland. March, with the aid of Henry Hotspur and Lord Thomas Talbot, at the head of two thousand men, attempted, but failed, to recover his estates and castle of Dunbar, which had been seized by Douglas. They were surprised at Cockburnspath
  
  === Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas ===
  Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  For other people named Archibald Douglas, see Archibald Douglas (disambiguation).
  For the 17th century chief of Clan Campbell also known as Archibald the Grim, see Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll.
  Archibald Douglas
  Lord of Galloway
  Earl of Douglas
  Earl of Wigtown[1]
  Lord of Bothwell
  Seal of Archibald the Grim.jpg
  Seal of Archibald Douglas
  PredecessorJames Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas
  SuccessorArchibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas
  Spouse(s)Joanna de Moravia, Lady of Bothwell
  Issue
  Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas
  James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas
  Marjorie Douglas
  Helen Douglas
  Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale (illegitimate)
  Noble familyDouglas
  FatherSir James Douglas
  Motherunknown
  Born1328
  Scotland
  Died1400
  Threave Castle
  Buried1400
  Bothwell
  
  Archibald's coat of arms quartered the family arms of Douglas (featuring the famous Douglas heart) with the silver lion of the Lordship of Galloway. Upon marriage, he placed his wife's arms in an escutcheon of pretence
  Archibald Douglas, Earl of Douglas and Wigtown, Lord of Galloway, Douglas and Bothwell, called Archibald the Grim or Black Archibald, was a late medieval Scottish nobleman. Archibald was the bastard son of Sir James "the Black" Douglas, Robert I's trusted lieutenant, and an unknown mother. A first cousin of William 1st Earl of Douglas, he inherited the earldom of Douglas and its entailed estates as the third earl following the death without legitimate issue of James 2nd Earl of Douglas at the Battle of Otterburn.
  
  Contents [hide]
  1 Early life
  2 Battle of Poitiers
  2.1 Escape
  3 Rise to prominence
  3.1 de Moravia Marriage
  3.2 Embassies
  4 Lord of Galloway
  5 Earl of Douglas
  6 Death
  7 Marriage and children
  8 References
  8.1 Notes
  8.2 Primary sources
  8.3 Secondary sources
  Early life[edit]
  He was an infant when his father went on crusade and was killed at the Battle of Teba whilst fighting the Moors. According to Walter Bower, "He was dark and ugly more like a coco [cook-boy] than a Noble" which was possibly an insult to his illegitimacy rather than a physical description.[original research?] Jean le Bel in his chronicle describes Douglas, as an adult, as a large man capable of wielding a huge sword. It has been suggested that the young Archibald spent time with his cousin William at the court in exile of King David II at Château Gaillard in Normandy.[2] It was only natural for them to take service with the French King.[3] This was in keeping with the spirit of the Auld Alliance.
  
  Battle of Poitiers[edit]
  
  Battle of Poitiers
  Archibald's first major appearance in history is recorded in 1356 at the Battle of Poitiers where he was captured by the English. Archibald had accompanied his cousin, William Lord of Douglas, to serve King John II of France in his wars against the Black Prince. Edward III of England had concluded truce negotiations with the Scots lasting from 25 March until Michaelmas, following the Burnt Candlemas of 2 February. During the truce, Earl William had secured safe passage to travel to Château Gaillard to visit David II; amongst his entourage was the 28 year old Archibald.[4] Once in France, in the chivalric spirit of the age the Douglases joined the French army, to prevent their harnesses rusting through inactivity.[3]
  
  The Battle was a disastrous defeat for the French. It was suggested by Froissart that part of the blame lies with Earl William, for his suggestion to the French King that his Knights dismount and fight on foot.[5] Whatever the causes King John was captured along with many noblemen, amongst whom was Black Archibald. Earl William evaded capture.[6]
  
  Archibald's armour and harness was of fine construction and he was thought to be a valuable prisoner by his captors.
  
  Escape[edit]
  His escape from English hands was aided by one Sir William Ramsay of Colluthie, also a prisoner of the English. In the presence of one of the guards, Ramsay pretended to be furious with Archibald and accused him of the theft of his cousin's armour. Furthermore he stated that his cousin had been felled by an English arrow and had died as a result of his lack of protection. Ramsay than insisted that Archibald take off his boots. Archibald concurred and by the time he had removed one, Ramsay started beating him around the head with it. One of the guards intervened to stop Ramsay, insisting that Archibald was the son of a great Noble and should be respected. Ramsay retorted "Not he, I tell you, he is a scullion and a rogue", then to Archibald, "Go you rascal, and seek your master's body amongst the slain, so that we may at least give him a decent burial". Ramsay paid the fee of 40 shillings, the ransomable rate of an esquire. Ramsay cuffed Archibald round the head once more and bade him begone. Archibald made his way back to Scotland, and deprived the Black Prince's army of what would have been a considerable ransom.[7]
  
  Rise to prominence[edit]
  
  Bothwell Castle
  Black Archibald was appointed Constable of Edinburgh Castle in 1361, which along with the office of Sheriff of Edinburgh, he held until 1364. In that year he was appointed Warden of the Western March. This was an uneasy appointment as the English held Annandale, which formed the greater part of his new jurisdiction.
  
  In the following years he carried out numerous raids against the English. In 1368 Douglas was appointed Lord Warden of the Marches and was successful in ousting the English from Annandale completely by 1383.
  
  de Moravia Marriage[edit]
  Archibald further increased his power by his marriage to the widow and heiress Joanna de Moravia in 1362. Joanna de Moravia was the daughter of Maurice de Moravia, Earl of Strathearn and Joanna Menteith, herself daughter to Fause Menteith[8] Archibald is said to have offered five English Knights battle in single combat for her hand.[9] The Lady of Bothwell and heiress to the de Moravia dynasty, Joanna brought with her large estates and Lordships throughout Scotland which Archibald claimed de jure uxoris. This included the semi-ruined Bothwell Castle, which he promptly started to rebuild. The marriage was a device of the king to ensure that the Moray inheritance would be passed into safe (and loyal) hands. Since the death of Joanna's first husband, Sir Thomas de Moravia, the Lord of Bothwell, in 1361, she and her widowed mother had been wards of the court. Joanna was declared to be not only heiress of her father's unentailed lands, but also those of her first husband. The estates stretched from Aberdeenshire, Moray and Ross in the north, to Lanarkshire and Roxburghshire in the south. Although Douglas did not inherit his wife's father's Earldom of Strathearn, Douglas would be able to use his new-found kindred ties to the advantage of the King in the centre of the kingdom.[10][11]
  
  Embassies[edit]
  Archibald was sent on two embassies to France, one in 1369 and the other in 1371. The first of these was to protest against the appeal launched by the newly divorced Queen Margaret at the court in Avignon of Pope Urban V. The second embassy was to Paris, with a view to renewing the Auld Alliance. This embassy was ordered by the new Stewart king Robert II, three days after his accession. The result of this diplomacy resulted in the Treaty of Vincennes, the first ratification of the alliance since the Treaty of Corbeil, 55 years previously.
  
  Lord of Galloway[edit]
  
  Threave Castle
  In 1369, Archibald had been appointed Lord of Galloway by King David, "becaus he tuke git trawell to purge the cuntrey of Englis blude".[12] Galloway was a difficult fiefdom to rule. Prior to his assumption of the title, it had been the patrimony of the Balliols, both the ousted King John and his pretender son Edward Balliol. The Balliols had inherited it through King John's grandmother Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter and heiress of Alan, Lord of Galloway, the last of the Norse-Gaelic Kings of Galloway. The Galwegians had distinctive laws and customs and, as with the Kingdom of the Isles, did not feel subservient to the Scottish crown, but rather to their ancient Kings of which they viewed the Balliols as representing. In 1353 Earl William had succeeded in bringing the eastern part of the fiefdom under the control of the Scottish crown. By 1372 after reaffirming control in the east, Archibald acquired the Earldom of Wigtown from Thomas Fleming, Earl of Wigtown, thus consolidating his power over the whole of Galloway, the first time under one man since 1234. This transfer of the Earldom of Wigtown was ratified by Robert II, on 7 November the same year.[13] Archibald's conquest of Galloway was depicted on his seal, which depicts two "wild men" holding up his arms.
  
  In 1378 Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie, a nephew of Archibald Douglas, took Berwick by surprise with 50 men, and was immediately besieged by the town's governor Thomas de Musgrave. Douglas and Lord Lyndsay of the Byres massed a relief army at Haddington, little more than 500 in number, but marched anyway hoping to collect more men on the way. When Archibald's army approached Berwick his scouts informed him that the English army around the castle numbered around 10,000, with archers, siege engines, heavy horse and ships blockading the river. Douglas then retreated to Melrose, followed by the English army. Just short of Melrose, Musgrave attacked. Fortunately Archibald's army had now been reinforced. During the ensuing Battle of Melrose, Musgrave was unhorsed and forced to yield for ransom. With Musgrave and other leaders captured, the remaining English not already slain fled back to Berwick with news of their defeat.
  
  It is around this time that Archibald started work on his fortalice at Threave Castle, and endowed Sweetheart Abbey, near Dumfries, with an hospital. Rather than taking over Buittle, traditional seat of the Balliols during the construction of Threave, he
  
  === titles: Third Earl of Douglas ===
  titles: Third Earl of Douglas
  
  === Sir William Douglas ===
  It was my understanding that Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale was an illegitimate child. See Scots Peerage, vol. III, p. 163: https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefoun03pauluoft/page/162/mode/2up
  
  === 3rd Earl of Douglas; illegitimate son of ===
  3rd Earl of Douglas; illegitimate son of Sir James Douglas; hadillegitimate son, Sir William Douglas, Lord of Nithsdale. [Magna ChartaSureties, p. 45] BURR LINE - 18th ggrandfather 3rd Earl of Douglas; d.1400; son of Sir James the Good Douglas; ancestor of the Earls of Douglasuntil 1455. [Hermitage Castle, p. 6] In a writ of 1381 Archibald isdescribed as founder or reformer of Sweetheart, indicating that hisbenefactions were substantial. In 1385 he made a further grant to theabbey for prayers to be offered up for his soul and those of his parents,his wife Joanna, and his tow sons. Archibald was also patron of LincludenCollegiate Church, near Dumfries, but after his death at Threave onChristmas Eve 1400 he was buried in neither place but in the collegiatechurchat Bothwell in Lanarkshire, close to anotehr of his formidablecastles. [Sweetheart Abbey, p. 9] Threave Castle was most probably builtfor Archibald the Grim following his elevation to the Lordship ofGalloway in September 1369. Galloway, comprising the land lying betweenthe rivers Nith in the east and Cree in the west, had been a problem tothe Scottish Crown for a long time. During the wars with England in theearly 14th century, the Gallovidian chiefs has sided with Balliol and theEnglish, principally because of their hatred of Robert the Bruce.[Threave Castle, p. 5] Archibald Douglas, known also as 'Black Archibald'(hence the name of his branch of the family -- the Black Douglases), madeBothwell his chief seat and set about rebuilding the shattered castle.Several of his charters are dated from there. He also founded, in 1398,the collegiate church of St Bride's in Bothwell, the very interestingchancel of which still remains. Here in 1399, his daughter Elizabeth wasmarried to the hapless Duke of Rothesay, eldest son of Robert III.[Bothwell Castle, p. 10] In the 1360s Bothwell Castle came into thepossession of the Black Douglas family who rebuilt the hall, a chapel andsome walling, and erected a new wall from east to west. Further work wasdone in the 15th and 16th centuries. [Castles of Great Britain andIreland, p. 245] Son of James Douglas and Isabella Stuart; m. Joan Moray;father of: 1. Archibald Tyneman Douglas who m. Margaret Stuart 2. Jamesthe Gross Doublas who m. Beatrix Sinclair [Craig K. Gowens Archibald [2ndson after William] ancestor of the Douglas of Cavers, Hereditary Sheriffsof Teviotdale. [Burke's Peerage]
  
  === From Doug Hickling:
  "You show Archibald ===
  From Doug Hickling:
  "You show Archibald the Grim (3rd Earl of Douglas) Douglas as the sonof
  William (le Hardi) Douglas and Elizabeth Steward. Both CP and SP showthat
  Archibald the Grim was the bastard grandson of William (le Hardi) Douglasand
  his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Alexander, High Steward ofScotland.
  Archibald's father was James "Lord of Douglas" called the good sir Jamesand
  his natural mother is unknown. Your showing of the wife of Archibald the
  Grim and his wife and son James the Gross is in accord with CP and SP.
  
  These authorities also agree with your listing of the parentage of Sir
  William (Lord of Nithsdale) Douglas but the comments made above as tothe
  missing generation between William le Hardi and Archibald the Grim applyhere
  also."
  
  CP=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain andthe UK, Extant, Extinct or Dormant. By G.E.C, New edition, revised andmuch enlarged. Edited by The Hon. Vicary Gibbs, with the assistanceof HArthur Doubleday. 1916, St Catherine Press London
  
  SP=THE SCOTS PEERAGE edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, 1904
  
  === "Webster's Biographical Dictionary" (Sp ===
  "Webster's Biographical Dictionary" (Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Company, 1980), p. 433. Archibald Douglas. 1328?-?1400. 3d Earl of Douglas, Lord of Galloway; natural son of Sir James the Good; called "the Grim"; nicknamed (like his father) "the Black Douglas"; warden of western marches (1364, 1368); twice sent on missions to French court (1369, 1371); invaded England (1389); codified laws of marches; married his daughter Marjory to heir apparent of Scottish crown.
  
  === CP 3rd Earl Archibald Douglas illegitima ===
  CP 3rd Earl Archibald Douglas illegitimate b. c. 1325 died Dec 24 1400 m. bef 23 Jul 1362 m. Joan Stratherne. buried at Bothwell. History of Rutland p. 181 says Archibald the 2nd son who was 3rd Earl ob 1400 m. Elizabeth dau of Thomas Murray, Lord of Bothwell in Scotland son of Sir William Douglas 2nd Earl m. Margaret dau of Patrick Earl of Mar.
  
  === Erroneous attribution of Portrait Image ===
  This will not be Archibald (The Grim) Douglas.
  The inscription clearly states it is Richard Lauder, Laird of Haltoun.
  This portrait, by John Scougal, hangs in Thirlestane Castle.

1. William Douglas, b. 1360 in Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire, Scotland     d. 1392 in Pomorskie, Poland

• m. 23 JUL 1362

1. Title: Peerage, The
   Author: Darryl Lundy, The Peerage, a genealogical survey of teh Peerage of Britian as well as the royal families of Europe (http://thepeerage.com : accessed 30 Sep 2018), Joan Moray.
   Note: Lady Joan Moray was born between 1339 and 1354. She was the daughter of Morice Moray, 1st Earl of Strathearn and Joan Menteith.1,2 She married, firstly, Sir Thomas Moray, Lord of Bothwell, son of Sir Andrew Moray of Bothwell and Lady Christina Bruce, before 1361.1 She married, secondly, Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas, son of Sir James Douglas, 6th of Douglas, after 23 July 1362.3 She died between January 1403 and August 1409.2From after 23 July 1362, her married name became Douglas. After her marriage, Lady Joan Moray was styled as Countess of Douglas on 14 August 1388.Children of Lady Joan Moray and Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of DouglasLady Marjorie Douglas+4 d. b 11 May 1421Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas+2 b. c 1370, d. 17 Aug 1424James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas+5 b. 1371, d. 24 Mar 1442/43Citations[S11] Alison Weir, Britain\'s Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 208. Hereinafter cited as Britain\'s Royal Families.[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume IV, page 433. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/1, page 388.[S11] Alison Weir, Britain\'s Royal Families, page 227.[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume IV, page 435.
   
2. Title: Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=1981&h=86330&indiv=try;
   
3. Title: Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas
   Author: Wikipedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Douglas,_3rd_Earl_of_Douglas;
   Note: Biography and family information
   Page: was not connected to his son
   
4. Title: Archibald 3rd Earl of Douglas, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7JQN-J4T2 : 15 June 2022), The Grim, ; Burial, Bothwell, , South Lanarkshire, Scotland, Bothwell Parish Church Graveyard; citing record ID 195956601, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7JQN-J4T2;
   
5. Title: Find a grave
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/195956601/archibald-3rd_earl_of-douglas;
   Note: Born about 1325, in Hermiston, Midlothian, Scotland, he married, about 23 July 1362, as her second husband, Joan Moray, daughter of Sit Maurice Moray of Drumsargard, 1st Earl of Strathern, and Joan de Monteith. He died before 9 February 1400/1401, at Douglas Castle, Lanarkshire, Scotland, and was buried in the Bothwell Church of St. Bride.
   
6. Title: American Genealogical-Biographical Index (AGBI)
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/3599/records/2570133;