Henry Sinclair 2nd Earl of Orkney

• Preferred Name: Henry Sinclair 2nd Earl of Orkney^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: in Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland at LATI: N5.8582 LONG: E3.1694 with note: The Rosslyn Chapel Sinclair family themselves have conflicting date under this name on their Family info where he is said to have "Died" in 1420 and yet they have him returning home in 1424. So I chose 1424 as the more probable date of Death. Look here: Under 10 Baron of Rosslyn: https://www.rosslynchapel.com/about/st-clair-family/#ea0b627e10690a433
  
• FSID: MF13-35Q
  
• MilitaryService: captured following the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402, with note: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II_Sinclair,_Earl_of_Orkney
  
• Death: 1 FEB 1421 in Orkney Islands, Orkney, Scotland at LATI: N9 LONG: E3 with note: Killed @ the Battle of Harlaw in Aberdeenshire, Scotland; the researchers of the Ancestry of Charles II lists the death date as 1 Feb 1420/1421 (no. 268).
  
• Birth: 24 MAY 1373 in Orkney Islands, Orkney, Scotland at LATI: N9 LONG: E3
  
• Occupation: Pantler of Scotland
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 2nd Earl of Orkney
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 10th Baron Of Roslin
  
• Occupation: Chief Justice of Scotland with note: Most vital information and relationships match. Some details contain minor conflicts. ID numbers: G853-FJ6 and MF13-35Q.
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  The Life Summary of Henry
  When Sir Henry Sinclair II, Baron Of Roslin, 2nd Earl Of Orkney was born in 1389, in Orkney Islands, Orkney, Scotland, United Kingdom, his father, Henry 1st Earl of Orkney Baron of Rosslyn Sinclair, was 37 and his mother, Jean Haliburton, was 39. He married Countess Egidia Jill Douglas of Orkney on 17 February 1404, in Perthshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. They were the parents of at least 4 sons and 6 daughters. He died on 1 February 1422, in Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, at the age of 33, and was buried in Midlothian, Scotland.
  
  Henry Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Orkney (c. 1375 – 1420) was a Norwegian nobleman and Planter of Scotland.
  
  He was son of Henry Sinclair, the Earl of Orkney, by his wife Jean, daughter of John Halyburton of Dirleton. Sinclair was one of those captured following the Battle of Homildon Hill in 1402, but released on ransom. He had succeeded his father, de facto, as Earl by 1404; there is no record that he was ever officially installed as Earl, and no certain record that he ever visited his Earldom.
  
  He was one of those who accompanied James Duke of Rothesay on his journey to France aboard the Maryenknyght, which was captured by English pirates off Flamborough Head in 1406. He followed the prince into captivity, but was soon released. Subsequently he was often in England on business connected with the king's imprisonment. He also spent some time in the service of the Duke of Burgundy.
  In about 1407 he married Egidia Douglas, daughter of Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale and maternal granddaughter of King Robert II of Scotland.
  
  *William Sinclair, last Jarl of Orkney, and first Earl of Caithness
  *Beatrix Sinclair, who married James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas.
  Henry Sinclair died of influenza c. 1420.
  
  ===
  additional information:
  The son: William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness, 3rd Earl of Orkney and founder of Rosslyn Chapel married three times - Elizabeth Douglass Dowager Countess of Buchan (who was also a wife of a Douglas previously) Marjory Sutherland of Dunbeath (the wife which shows up in the genealogy here) and Janet Yeman.
  
  References moved from incorrect box to here, please sort
  Rosslyn Chapel carving (1 and 2). Outline drawing (3) and Masonic candidate who is correctly dressed for an inititation ceremony standing before the two pillars (Jachin and Boaz) that appear in every
  
  === 2nd Earl of Orkney ===
  2nd Earl of Orkney
  
  === DUPLICATE PERSON ===
  I THINK THIS IS THE SAME AS Henry Sinclair 2nd Earl of Orkney
  Male
  MF13-35Q

• m. 17 NOV 1407 in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland

1. William Sinclair -1st Earl of Caithness, b. 1410 in Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland     d. 29 MAR 1482 in Ravenscraig Castle, Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland

1. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=9289&h=30550151&indiv=try;
   
2. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015
   
3. Title: Wikisource: Dictionary of National Biography
   Author: [Authorities mentioned above; Hay's Sinclairs of Roslin.]
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Sinclair,_Henry_(d.1418);
   Note: SINCLAIR, HENRY, second Earl of Orkney (d. 1418), admiral of Scotland, was eldest son of Henry, first earl of Orkney [q. v.] by his second wife, Jean, daughter of Walter Haliburton, lord Dirleton. He was taken prisoner at Homildon on 14 Sept. 1402 (Cal. Documents relating to Scotland, iv. 403), but received his liberty before 28 May 1405, when he witnessed a charter at Linlithgow (Exchequer Rolls, iii. 634). When the king of Scotland resolved to send the young prince (afterwards James I) for greater security to France, the Earl of Orkney was chosen to convey him thither. The probability is that they set sail on 14 Feb. 1405–6 (Burnet's Preface to Exchequer Rolls, vol. iii.). On 13 March their ship was captured by an armed English merchantman, and the young prince was brought to London, where he was detained a prisoner. Burnet (ib.) supposes that the Earl of Orkney was not detained, but returned to Orkney on a safe-conduct which he and others had on 13 Jan. 1405–6 to go to England and return to Scotland; but the Sinclair who had this pass was not the Earl of Orkney, but Sir William Sinclair of Herdmanston. It was not until 13 Sept. 1407 that the Earl of Orkney had a safe-conduct to go to Scotland on his affairs, with twelve attendants on horse and foot, on giving security ‘to re-enter his person within Durham Castle on Christmas next’ (Cal. Documents relating to Scotland, vol. iv. No. 702). On 4 Jan. 1407–8 he obtained a safe-conduct for his ship to trade with England (ib. No. 744); in 1409 he received payment for travelling to England on the affairs of the king of Scots (Exchequer Rolls, iv. 102); and in 1412 he had a safe-conduct to him and the Earl of Douglas, with fifty horsemen, to pass through England to France or Flanders (Cal. Documents relating to Scotland, vol. iv. No. 834). He is stated by Fordun to have died in 1420, one of the earliest recorded victims of influenza in Scotland, but he was dead in 1418, when a papal dispensation was granted to his widow, Egidia, granddaughter of Robert II, king of Scotland, for her marriage to Alexander Stewart, third son of the Duke of Albany. By her he had a son William, third earl of Orkney and first earl of Caithness [q. v.], and a daughter Beatrice, married to James, seventh earl of Douglas (Fordun, Chronicle).
   
4. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
   Author: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current.
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/6750778;
   Page: Web Nederlands Sinclair 1370
   
5. Title: Web: International, Find A Grave Index
   
6. Title: Rosslyn Sinclair family information
   Author: https://www.rosslynchapel.com/about/st-clair-family/#ea0b627e10690a433 Under 10 Baron of Rosslyn
   Publication: Name: https://www.rosslynchapel.com/about/st-clair-family/#ea0b627e10690a433;
   Note: Succeeded 1400, died ==>1420<== Married Egida, daughter of Sir William Douglas, thus acquiring the lordships of Nithsdale, the wardenship of the three marches, and six further baronies. He was guardian to James I of Scotland during his minority. In 1406 the 12-year-old Prince was sent to the French court for education and safety and was accompanied by Sir Henry. Captured by the English off Flamborough Head, both were taken to the Tower of London. The heir to the Scottish throne remained in captivity for eighteen years, returning home to Scotland in ==> 1424 <== NOTE THE DISCREPANCY -- this is from the Rosslyn Chapel official webpage for Family tree
   Page: TO explain why there are different dates of death reported --even in the same paragraph of official Family history
   
7. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=9289&h=33014052&indiv=try;
   
8. Title: Prince Henry Sinclair Scotland to North America 1398 A.D
   Author: Ancestry Message Board posted by SusanG1400
   Publication: Name: https://www.ancestry.com/boards/surnames.st-20-clair/725/mb.ashx;
   Note: Prince Henry Sinclair Scotland to North America 1398 A.D. Replies: 1 Prince Henry Sinclair Scotland to North America 1398 A.D. SusanG1400 (View posts) Posted: 29 May 2007 09:59AM Classification: Query The Scottish Discovery of America Ancient ‘footprints’ can be found in North America. These sparse bits of evidence provide justification for believing that Prince Henry Sinclair came to North America ninety-four years before Christopher Columbus sailed across the ocean! These are real things; you can see them and touch them. Then you can see with your own eyes how significant Prince Henry Sinclair was in the pageant of our history. Prince Henry Sinclair was born in Scotland in 1345. He was Jarl (earl) of the Orkney Islands off the northeast coast of Scotland. He held these islands as a fief from the king of Norway. The mother of Prince Henry Sinclair was descended from two kings of Norway. Prince Henry was also Lord of Rosslyn, six miles south of Edinburgh, Scotland. From 1398 A.D. to 1399 A.D. Prince Henry sailed to North America. In 1400 A.D. the English launched a surprise attack on the city of Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands and the English soldiers killed Prince Henry Sinclair. He wanted to make a second voyage to North America in order to set up a colony there. The family of Prince Henry Sinclair is descended from the Norwegian Viking Hrolf Ganger (Rolf the Walker) or Rollo. In French it is Rollon. He received this name because he was too tall to ride his horse, so he walked. The son of the Norwegian noble Jarl (Earl) Rognvald of Alesund (He served King Harald Farquar (Fairhair) of Norway.), Rollo kept raiding northern France. In order to make peace with this marauding Viking, Charles III, Charles the Simple, King of France, signed a treaty with Rollo in the village of St. Clair-sur-Epte (thirty miles southeast of Rouen, France) in 911 A.D. In return for Rollo’s being baptized a Christian and keeping new Vikings from raiding northern France, King Charles gave Rollo much land in northern France. This became the French province of Normandy (Northman’s land or Norseman’s land.) Rollo married Popa, the daughter of Count Béreanger of Bayeux, France. Their descendants were William the Conqueror and the Sinclairs. Rollo the Viking is buried in the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Rouen, France. At the Battle of Bannockburn, Scotland, on June 23, 1314, King Robert the Bruce and his Scots army defeated King Edward II of England and his army, thus winning for Scotland its independence from England. Sir Henry Sinclair, the great-grandfather of Prince Henry Sinclair and his son William Sinclair, (the grandfather of Prince Henry Sinclair), joined this battle toward the end with a number of knights who carried shields and banners with no designs on them. They were Knights Templar whose military-religious order had been disbanded by King Philip IV (Philip the Fair) in France in 1307 A.D., but who had fled to Scotland in order to avoid persecution. Their shields and banners had no designs on them so that no one would know who they were. The English soldiers knew who they were and fled the battle because the Knights Templar were such fierce warriors. Zeno Narrative A primary document of Henry Sinclair’s voyage to North America is the “Zeno Narrative.” From 1390 A.D. to 1404 A.D., Niccolo and Antonio Zeno of Venice, Italy kept a log of their travels with Prince Henry Sinclair. Their records lay forgotten until a great-great-great grandson discovered them in the family archives and published them in Latin in 1558. In 1398 A.D. Prince Henry Sinclair sailed in ten ships with 300 men and his Italian navigator, Sir Antonio Zeno, from the Orkney Islands to Iceland, then to Greenland and six days from Greenland to Newfoundland, Canada. The Indians in Newfoundland were unfriendly. They shot at Prince Henry’s men, wounding and killing some of them when Prince Henry stopped to take on fresh water. Therefore, Prince Henry left Newfoundland and continued on to Nova Scotia Province, Canada. A portion of the Zeno Narrative is as follows: “We brought our barks and our boats to land, and on entering an excellent harbor, we saw in the distance a great hill that poured forth smoke, which gave us hope that we should find some inhabitants. Neither would Sinclair rest, though it was a great way off, without sending 100 soldiers to explore the country, and bring us an account of what sort of people the inhabitants were.” This land was Nova Scotia Province, Canada. Historians know this because that is the only place on the coast of North America having the open pitch deposits described in the Zeno Narrative. The deposits can be found at Pictou and Stellarton, where native Micmac Indians lived in caves. The year in which Sinclair explored America was determined by the tradition of naming discoveries from the religious calendar. Sinclair dubbed their anchorage “Trin Harbor.” Trin stands for Trinity. In Zeno’s words, the fleet arrived when “the month of June came in.” The only year between 1395 A.D. and 1402 A.D., the time frame of the voyage, when Trinity Sunday fell in early June was 1398 A.D. Zeno Map of the North The Zeno Narrative tells of a careful survey of Greenland conducted by Niccolo Zeno in 1393 A.D. for Prince Henry Sinclair. This Zeno Map of the North proved to be the most accurate map in existence from the next 150 years. It is believed that Christopher Columbus had this map with him when he sailed to the Western Hemisphere in 1492 A.D. Prince Henry Sinclair’s grandson met Christopher Columbus on the island of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean and told him about his grandfather’s voyage. Columbus’ wife was born on Madeira. Her father was a ship captain and an explorer. Not only did the Zeno map chart the sea with uncanny precision, it also showed certain landmarks. For example, it illustrated two cities in Estotilanda (Nova Scotia) possibly founded by Sinclair, at Louisburg Harbor and St. Peter’s. There is speculation that Zeno based his map upon a much older chart, drawn by Knights Templar in the Middle East, and carried in secrecy by them for safekeeping to Rosslyn Castle (Sinclair’s ancestral home, six miles south of Edinburgh, Scotland) at the time the Knights Templar (a military-religious order founded by eight French knights in the Middle East in 1118 A.D. whose job was to protect the roads traveled there by the pilgrims and one of whose founders, Hughes de Payens, was married to Catherine de St., Clair) was suppressed by King Philip IV (Philip the Fair of France on Friday October 13, 1307 A.D. King Philip did this for three reasons. The Knights Templar were wealthy and the king wanted their money and property. Also the king had borrowed money from the Knights Templar and he did not want to pay it back. The third reason was that the Knights Templar were politically powerful. They did not owe allegiance to any kings; they only owed allegiance to the Pope in Rome. King Philip felt they were a threat to his political power. Descendants of some of these Knights Templar sailed with Prince Henry Sinclair to North America in 1398 A.D. Some of the Knights Templar who fled from France to Scotland in order to escape being persecuted by King Philip settled at the village of Ballantrodoch (Now it is called Temple) near Rosslyn. Castle at the Cross In the backyard of the home of Glenn Pennoyer in the village of New Ross, 17 miles north of Chester, Nova Scotia Province, Canada, there is an area called The Castle at the Cross. Only ruins remain today of an ancient structure. Researchers believe it was built by 14th Century Norsemen and Scots, based on designs in the rubblework masonry. Several items were found around these ruins, including a much corroded pin, portion of a sword blade, wooden cones, and bits and pieces of iron implements. From the scanty ruins, it is thought that the Castle had guard towers, a main gate with pillars, and a dome or cone. Some historians believe this was a settlement by Prince Henry Sinclair, as shown in the lower left of the famous Zeno Map of the North. Canon At the Battle of Crecy in 1346 A.D., cannons were used for the first time in Europe. The English defeated the French in this battle. By the year 1381 A.D., Carlo Zeno, the hero of Venice, Italy, employed cannon on board his ships to win the Battle of Chioggia where he defeated the navy of Genoa. Niccolo and Antonio Zeno knew how to make these cannons. Prince Henry Sinclair needed not only the navigational talents of the Zeno brothers, he also needed their knowledge of the new weapons. (A ship carrying Niccolo and Antonio Zeno ran aground in a storm in the Shetland Islands off the northeast coast of Scotland. Prince Henry Sinclair was Lord of Rosslyn, six miles south of Edinburgh, Scotland and Jarl (Earl) of the Orkney and Shetland Islands off the northeast coast of Scotland. He held these islands as a fief from the King of Norway. Prince Henry came upon the Zenos’ ship just after it ran aground and he prevented the Shetland Islanders from killing the Zeno brothers and the ship’s crew and taking away the cargo.) Found about 1849 A.D. on the shoreline of Louisburg Harbor on Cape Breton Island (part of Nova Scotia, Canada), was a primitive cannon. Presumably, this gun was from Prince Henry’s fleet in 1398 A.D. It had eight rings around its barrel, and a detachable breech with a handle. Several very similar cannons can be seen at the Naval Museum in Venice. These are the same type as those used by Carlo Zeno at the Battle of Chioggia. They became obsolete by the end of the 14th Century. Later cannon were made in a single piece without that kind of barrel rings. Oak Island Oak Island is in Mahone Bay of Golden River, near Chester, Nova Scotia Province, Canada, and is one of only two islands in a group of 350 where oak trees grow. Oak Island is believed to have served as a navigational aid to find the Castle at the Cross. From Oak Island, looking toward the
   Page: one of many sources, some of which are referenced, which include this history
   
9. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
   Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/16391854;
   
10. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
    Author: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
    Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/15411716;