Robert Stewart King of Scotland III

• Preferred Name: Robert Stewart King of Scotland III^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Birth: 14 AUG 1337 in Dundonald Castle, Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland at LATI: N5.4833 LONG: E4.4
  
• Crowned+King: 14 AUG 1390 in Old Scone, Perthshire, Scotland at LATI: N6.4256 LONG: E3.4291
  
• Burial: 4 APR 1406 in Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland at LATI: N5.8449 LONG: E4.4203 with note: reformatted
  
• Death: 4 APR 1406 in Rothesay Castle, Rothesay, Bute, Scotland at LATI: N5.8333 LONG: E5.0667
  
• Christening: 1337 in Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland at LATI: N5.5667 LONG: E4.5833
  
• FSID: LZ86-T6V
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  geni.com Robert Stewart, III Also Known As: "King John the Lame King of the Scots", "John Stewart", "Earl of Carrick", "King Robert III of Scotland", "Robert III of Scotland", "Robert III", "King of Scotland", "Earl of Atholl" Birthdate: August 04, 1337 Birthplace: Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland Death: April 04, 1406 (68) Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland. Buried in Paisley, not Scone as was traditional (kicked by a horse) Place of Burial: Paisley Abbey,Renfrewshire,Scotland Immediate Family: Son of Robert II, King of Scots and Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan Husband of Name Not Known and Annabella Drummond, Queen Consort of Scots Father of Sir John Stewart, of Blackhall & Ardgowan; James Stewart of Killbride; Margaret Stewart, Lady of Galloway; David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay; Elizabeth Stewart, Princess of Scotland; Mary of Scotland, Countess of AnRobert III (c. 1337 – 4 April 1406), born John Stewart, was King of Scotland from 1390 to his death. He was known primarily as the Earl of Carrick before ascending the throne aged around 53 years. He was the eldest son of Robert II and Elizabeth Mure and was legitimised with the marriage of his parents in 1347.
  
  John joined his father and other magnates in a rebellion against his great-uncle David II early in 1363 but submitted to him soon afterwards. He was married to Anabella Drummond by 1367. In 1368 David created him Earl of Carrick. His father became king in 1371 after the unexpected death of the childless King David. In the succeeding years, Carrick was influential in the government of the kingdom but became progressively more impatient at his father's longevity. In 1384 Carrick was appointed the king's lieutenant after having influenced the general council to remove Robert II from direct rule. Carrick's administration saw a renewal of the conflict with England. In 1388 the Scots defeated the English at the Battle of Otterburn where the Scots' commander, James, Earl of Douglas, was killed. By this time Carrick had been badly injured from a horse-kick but it was the loss of his powerful ally, Douglas, that saw a turnaround in magnate support in favour of his younger brother Robert, Earl of Fife, to whom the council transferred the lieutenancy in December 1388.
  
  In 1390, Robert II died and Carrick ascended the throne as Robert III but without authority to rule directly. Fife continued as Lieutenant until February 1393 when power was returned to the king in conjunction with his son David. At a council in 1399 owing to the king's 'sickness of his person', David, now Duke of Rothesay, became Lieutenant under the supervision of a special parliamentary group dominated by Fife, now styled Duke of Albany. After this, Robert III withdrew to his lands in the west and for a time played little or no part in affairs of state. He was powerless to interfere when a dispute between Albany and Rothesay arose in 1401, leading to Rothesay's imprisonment and death in March 1402. The general council absolved Albany from blame and reappointed him as Lieutenant. The only impediment now remaining to an Albany Stewart monarchy was the king's only surviving son, James, Earl of Carrick. After a clash with Albany's Douglas allies in 1406, the 11-year-old James tried to escape to France. The vessel was intercepted and James became the prisoner of Henry IV of England. Robert III died shortly after learning of his heir's imprisonment.
  
  Contents
  1 Early life
  2 Guardianship—and its collapse
  3 Reign
  3.1 Rothesay's lieutenancy
  3.2 Albany's lieutenancy
  4 Family and issue
  5 Historiography
  6 Fictional portrayals
  7 Family tree
  8 See also
  9 References
  10 Sources
  Early life
  John Stewart was born around the year 1337 to Robert, Steward of Scotland and heir presumptive to the throne, and his wife Elizabeth Mure.[12] Robert's mother Marjorie and her half-brother, David II, were the children of the first Bruce king, Robert I.[13] Robert Stewart and Elizabeth Mure were married in 1336 by traditional marriage, recognized as legally binding but not recognized by the Church. The marriage was criticized for being uncanonical, so they married a second time in 1349, after receiving a papal dispensation from Pope Clement VI dated 22 November 1347. Therefore, although their children were actually legitimate, having been born after the first marriage of their parents, John, his three brothers and six sisters were legitimized by their parents second Church sanctioned marriage.[14] Styled Lord of Kyle, John is first recorded in the 1350s as the commander of a campaign in the Lordship of Annandale to re-establish Scottish control over English occupied territory.[15] In 1363, he joined his father along with the earls of Douglas and March in a failed insurrection against Robert's uncle, David II. The reasons for the rebellion were varied. In 1362, David II supported several of his royal favorites in their titles to lands in the Stewart earldom of Monteith and thwarted Stewart claims to the earldom of Fife. The King's involvement and eventual marriage with Margaret Drummond may also have represented a threat in the Steward's own earldom of Strathearn where the Drummonds also had interests, while Douglas and March mistrusted David's intentions towards them.[16] These nobles were also unhappy at the king's squandering of funds provided to him for his ransom,[17] and with the prospect that they could be sent to England as guarantors for the ransom payments. The dissension between the King and the Stewarts looked to have been settled before the end of spring 1367.[18]
  
  Blason of John, Earl of Carrick
  On 31 May the Steward resigned the earldom of Atholl to John, who by this time was already married to Annabella Drummond, the daughter of the queen's deceased brother, Sir John Drummond.[18] David II reinforced the position of John and Annabella by providing them with the Earldom of Carrick on 22 June 1368 and the tacit approval of John as the king's probable heir.[19] A Stewart succession was suddenly endangered when David II had his marriage to Margaret annulled in March 1369 leaving the king free to remarry and with the prospect of a Bruce heir.[20]
  
  On 22 February 1371 David II (who was preparing to marry the Earl of March's sister, Agnes Dunbar) unexpectedly died, presumably to the relief of both John and his father.[21] Robert was crowned at Scone Abbey on 27 March 1371 and before this date had given John—now styled Steward of Scotland—the ancestral lands surrounding the Firth of Clyde.[22] The manner in which the succession was to take place was first entailed by Robert I when female heirs were excluded and David II attempted unsuccessfully on several occasions to have the council change the succession procedure.[22] Robert II quickly moved to ensure the succession of John when the general council attending his coronation officially named Carrick as heir—in 1373 the Stewart succession was further strengthened when parliament passed entails defining the manner in which each of the king's sons could inherit the crown.[23] After the coronation John Dunbar who had received the Lordship of Fife from David II now resigned the title so that the king's second son, Robert, Earl of Monteith could receive the Earldom of Fife—Dunbar was compensated with the provision of the earldom of Moray.[24]
  
  A son, David, the future Duke of Rothesay, was born to Carrick and Annabella on 24 October 1378. In 1381, Carrick was calling himself 'lieutenant for the marches' sustained by his connections to border magnates such as his brother-in-law, James Douglas, son of William, Earl of Douglas, whom he succeeded in 1384.[22]
  
  Guardianship—and its collapse
  Robert II's policy of building up Stewart domination in Scotland through the advancement of his sons saw the emergence of Carrick as the pre-eminent Stewart magnate south of the Forth-Clyde line, just as his younger brother Alexander, Earl of Buchan, Lord of Badenoch and Ross had become in the north.[25]
  
  ... considering that there are, and have been now for a considerable time, great and numerous defects in the governing of the kingdom by reason of the king's disposition, both by reason of age and for other reasons, and the infirmity of the lord his firstborn son ... have amicably chosen Sir [Robert Stewart], earl of Fife, second-born son of the king, and brother german of the same lord the firstborn son, [as] guardian of the kingdom under the king, ... for putting into effect justice and keeping the law internally, and for the defence of the kingdom with the king's force, as set out before, against those attempting to rise up as enemies.
  —Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, 1 December 1388, Edinburgh. http://www.rps.ac.uk/
  Prior to 1384 persistent objections regarding Robert II's application of the law were brought to the attention of the council. Some of these grievances maintained that the King had acted unlawfully by deliberately disregarding charges regarding his personal conduct.[26] Buchan's use of cateran supporters drew criticism from Northern nobles and prelates and demonstrated Robert II's inability or reluctance to control his son.[27]The king's failure to take a leading role in prosecuting the war with England and Buchan's abuse of royal power in the north was the backdrop to the general council meeting at Holyrood Abbey in November 1384, where the decision was taken to sideline the king and provide the ruling powers to Carrick as Guardian of Scotland.[28][29][30]
  
  Within weeks Carrick's actions signalled changes in the direction of crown strategy where the Carrick–Douglas affinity was, by far, the largest group to benefit from crown patronage.[26] On 13 March 1385 it emerged that an unauthorised payment of £700 in bullion, a huge amount, had been taken by the guardian from the customs of Edinburgh. It transpired that Fife, also Chamberlain of Scotland, had been struggling to check Carrick's misuse of the Crown finances during 1384-5.[31]
  
  In Ap
  
  Life History
  Robert III
  
  King of Scots
  Reign 1390 – 4 April 1406
  Coronation 14 August 1390
  Scone Abbey, Perthshire
  Predecessor Robert II
  Successor James I
  Spouse Anabella Drummond
  more... Issue
  David Ste
  
  Robert III (r. 1390-1406)
  From the Royal Encyclopedia
  (https://www.royal.uk/robert-iii-r-1390-1406)
  
  When Robert II died, he was succeeded by his 53-year-old son John, who took the name Robert III (as his given name John broug
  
  JOHN STEWART --> King Robert III of Scots (1390-1401)
  JOHN STEWART
  born: 1337, SCOTLAND
  occupation: KING OF SCOTS (1390-1401)
  died: 4 Apr 1406, DUNDONALD, AYRSHIRC, SCOTLAND
  
  John, Earl of Carrick, moved to the throne as Robert III. Robert III was con
  
  === !also Prince of Scotland & Regent of Sco ===
  !also Prince of Scotland & Regent of Scotland;
  
  === !#218-v4-p296; ===
  !#218-v4-p296;
  
  === Acceded: 14 Aug 1390, Scone Abbey, Perth ===
  Acceded: 14 Aug 1390, Scone Abbey, Perthshire, Scotland born John, Earl of Carrick, when he acceded to the throne, he changed his name to Robert III
  
  === Robert Stewart of Rossyth, who married J ===
  Robert Stewart of Rossyth, who married Janet de Ergadia, daughter and heiress of John de Ergadia, Lord of Lorn. He exchanged the lordship of Lorn with his brother Sir John, for the lands of Durrisdeer, of which he had a charter of confirmation from King Robert II, 13 April 1388. He was ancestor of the family of Stewart of Rossyth. [The Scots Peerage V:1]
  
  === Robert ===
  Robert III, King of Scotland was born in 1337 at Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland.1 He was the son of Robert II, King of Scotland and Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan. He married Annabel Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drummond, 11th of Lennox and Mary Montifex, on 13 March 1366. He died on 4 April 1406 at Rothesay Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland.2 He was buried at Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.2
  Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland was baptised with the name of John Stewart.3 He was created 1st Earl of Carrick [Scotland] on 22 June 1368.4 He was styled as Earl of Atholl on 17 October 1379.1 He succeeded to the title of King Robert III of Scotland on 19 April 1390.1 He was crowned King of Scotland on 14 August 1390 at Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland.1
  Children of Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland and Annabel Drummond
  1.Elizabeth Stewart, Princess of Scotland+ d. b 1411
  2.Lady Mary Stewart+5 d. c 1458
  3.Egidia Stewart
  4.Margaret Stewart, Lady of Galloway+ b. bt 1367 - 1385, d. bt 26 Jan 1450 - Sep 1456
  5.Robert Stewart1 b. bt 1367 - 1401
  6.David Stewart, 1st and last Duke of Rothesay b. 24 Oct 1378, d. 26 Mar 1402
  7.James I Stewart, King of Scotland+ b. 25 Jul 1394, d. 21 Feb 1437
  Children of Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland
  1.James Stewart of Kilbride
  2.Sir John Stewart+6 b. b 1374
  
  === (III)(Earl Carrick) 1390-1406 The eldes ===
  (III)(Earl Carrick) 1390-1406 The eldest son, succeeded to the Throne. His baptismal name was John, but, in deference to the wis h of the people, he adopted the name Robert.
  
  === Robert gave up his wife's share of Lorn ===
  Robert gave up his wife's share of Lorn in exchange for his brother's share of Innermeath.
  
  === Sir John Crichton, 'dominus ejusdem.' He ===
  Sir John Crichton, 'dominus ejusdem.' He had a charter of the Barony of Crichton from King Robert III. From the foundation charter of the collegiate chruch of Crichton. It appears that his wife's name was Christian, and it seems reasonable to conjecture that she is the same person with Christian de Gremislaw 'de eodem,' who, in 1429 'in mea pura et legittima viduitate,' resigned the lands of Gremislaw, in the barony of Eckford and sheriffdom of Roxburgh, into the hands of her superior, James, King of Scots, with the result that in 1436 the same lands, then described as held in chief of the barony of Crichton, are granted by Sir William de Creightoun 'de codem' to Walter Scott of Buccleuch. He must have died prior to 12 December 1423, when his son and successor is termed Dominus de Cryton. [The Scots Peerage III:57]
  
  __________________________________
  
  Sir John Crichton of Crichton, who had a charter of the barony of Crichton from King Robert III (1390-1406) and had issue by Christian his wife a son and successor, Sir William Crichton of Crichton, the celebrated statesman, who was constitued Chancellor of Scotland in 1437, made Governor of Edinburgh Castle, and created Lord Crichton in 1445. From him derived the Viscounts of Frendraught, of whom Lewis the fifth Viscount followed the fortunes of King James VII, accompanied him to France, and was attainted in July 1690. [Genealogy of the Earls of Erne p6]
  
  === robert iii, king of scots ===
  
  Robert III Stewart, King of Scots
  Also Known As: "King John the Lame King of the Scots", "John Stewart", "Earl of Carrick", "King Robert III of Scotland", "Robert III of Scotland", "Robert III", "King of Scotland", "Earl of Atholl"
  Birth August 4, 1337Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland
  Death: Died April 4, 1406 in Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, Scotland. Buried in Paisley, not Scone as was traditionalPlace of Burial:Paisley bbey,Renfrewshire,Scotland
  Immediate Family:Son of Robert II, king of Scots and Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan
  Husband of Margeret Graham, Countess of Menteith and Annabella Stewart, Queen Consort of Scotland Father of Murdock II, Duke of Albany; Sir John of Auchingoun, Blackhall & Ardgown Stewart; James Stewart of Killbride; Sir John Stewart, of Blackhall & Ardgowan, Knight; Margaret Stewart, Lady of Galloway and 6 others Brother of Margaret Stewart, Princess of Scotland; Walter Stewart, Earl of Fife; Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany; Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan; Isabella Stewart, Princess of Scotland and 5 others Half brother of James Stewart, of Kinfauna; Thomas Stewart, Dean of Dunkeld; Sir John Stuart, Lord of Innermeath & Lorn; Sir William of Nithsdale, Knight; Maria Danielston (Stewart) and 6 others Occupation:King of Scots, King og Scotland. Kronet 1390, King of Scotland, Scottish Monarch, king of Scotland, King, Konge af Skotland
  
  === Founded the Stewarts of Rosyth. ===
  Founded the Stewarts of Rosyth.
  
  === Robert was considered illegitimate by th ===
  Robert was considered illegitimate by the church as a result of his parents' close bloodlines. He was legitimized in 1347 by papal dispensation. His actual name was not John, but since the name John had taken on negative connotations for a king through the actions of 3 other king Johns, he adopted his father's name. He married Annabella Drummond and had seven children by her. He was considered a feeble or weak king by most. Robert was rendered infirm by a riding accident in 1388. His authority quickly dwindled as his advisor, the Duke of Albany, took control. His sons both suffered horrible fates, as one was starved to death in a prison at Falkland Palace, and the other was captured by pirates and given to Henry IV. He died, supposedly of grief, sayin, "I am the worst of kings and the most miserable of men." from royal Genealogy information held at University of Hull www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal04279 Robert III was crowned 14 Aug 1390. Changed his name from John to Robert on ascending to the throne. reigned but too injured by kick from horse to rule. Weir says died at Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire.
  
  === When Robert II died, he was succeeded b ===
  When Robert II died, he was succeeded by his 53-year-old son John, who took the name Robert III (as his given name John brought back defeatist memories of John Balliol). Robert suffered other disadvantages: he was born illegitimate (made legitimate in 1347), and he had been disabled in 1388 by a horse's kick, so that he had been regarded as unfit to govern for his father. He was dominated by his younger brother, the Duke of Albany, and when he tried to rule for himself, 'he who was strong oppressed the weak and the whole kingdom was one den of thieves', according to one of the chroniclers. In 1399, the Scottish Parliament condemned his misrule and appointed his elder son David, Duke of Rothesay to govern for him. Albany, however, imprisoned his nephew and David died in mysterious circumstances in 1402 at Falkland. Apparently fearing for his own life, Robert III retired to the greater safety of Rothesay Castle on the Isle of Bute and in 1406 arranged to send his younger son James to France. He died soon after hearing that the 11-year-old prince had been captured at sea by English pirates. Painfully aware of his own deficiencies, he had exclaimed, 'Bury me in a midden and write, "Here lies the worst of kings and the most wretched of men".'
  
  === !Scott's Peerage Stewart, Duke of Albany ===
  !Scott's Peerage Stewart, Duke of Albany pg 146-151+; Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, is the son of King Robert II and Elizabeth Mure, his 1st wife, was born 1339. He entered into an indenture with Isobel, Countess of Fife, relict of his elder brother Walter, dated at Perth, 30 Mar 1371, wherein she acknowledges him to be her lawful heir-apparent, and in con sequence of this he succeeded to that Earldom and was styled Earl of Fife and Menteith; the Castle of Stirling was committed to his care. In 1382 he was appointed Great Chamberlain of Scotland, which office he held till 1408, when he resigned it in favour of his son John, Earl of Buchan. In 1385, he and others invaded England with an army of 30,000 men, took the Castle of Wark, and ravaged the country from Berwick to Newcastle. The Earl of Menteith made another successful invasion of England in 1388. His father, King Robert II, being now far advanced in years, and his elder brother, the Earl of Carrick, being from bodily infirmity unable to take an active part in government, a parliament was called in which the Earl of Fife was by the Three Estates sole mnly recognised on 1 Dec 1388 as guardian of the kingdom, in which office he continued after the death of his father and the accession of his elder broth- er, John, Earl of Carrick, to the throne, under the title of Robert III. Eight years after this, when the heir-apparent to the throne was created Duke of Rothesay, the Earl of Fife and Menteith, on 28 Apr 1398, was created Duke of Albany. the following year he had the pretended King Richard II placed under his custody. On 2 Sep 1403 the Earldom of Atholl, which ha reverted to the Crown on the death of the Duke of Rothesay, was conferred on him in free regality during the lifetime of the King only, with a remainder to his son John in case of his predecease. On the death of King Robert III in 1406, the Duke of Albany was constituted regent and governor of the realm of Scotland. In 1419 de despatched his son John, Earl of Buchan, with a chosen army of 7000 men into France to assist the Dauphin against the English, and he con- cluded a long and active life of vigorous ecertion at the Castle of Stirling, 2 Sep 1420, aged upwards of eighty.
  
  === Source: Weis, Sheppard, Beal, The Magna ===
  Source: Weis, Sheppard, Beal, The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215, 5th Ed., Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, [1999], 41D-8, p. 53. Regent of Scotland; third son of Robert II. As earl of Fife and Monteith, he held commands under his father and more than once raided England, leading the invasion of 1388. Because of his father's old age he was given the power of government in 1389; he continued it during the reign of Robert III, his infirm brother. Made duke of Albany in 1398, in 1399 he was forced to give up the regency to his nephew, David Stuart, duke of Rothesay. Rothesay died (1402) in the custody of Albany and Archibald Douglas, 4th earl of Douglas, both of whom were officially declared guiltless of his death. Albany became governor or warden again and continued in that position after Robert III's death because the new king, James I, was a prisoner in England. During Albany's rule the struggle with England went on, and the Scottish alliance with France was continued. At home he allowed the nobles much power but put down (1411) a rebellion of Donald MacDonald, lord of the Isles. Apparently Albany tried to make his sovereignty hereditary in all but name, and he was succeeded as regent by his son Murdoch, 2d duke of Albany. The latter proved a weak ruler, however, and was executed (1425) after James I's return to Scotland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Fifth Edition Copyright ©1993
  
  === Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland was ===
  Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland was born in 1337 and died on April 04, 1406 in Rothesay, Scotland. He was buried in Paisley, Scotland. He was originally crowned John Stewart, Earl of Carrick by King David II on June 22, 1368. He was crowned King Robert III at Scone on August 14, 1390. He married Annabella Drummond (daughter of Sir John Drummond and Unknown) in 1366/67. Annabella Drummond was born before 1340. She died in 1401 in Scone, Scotland. She was buried in Dunfermlin Abbey, Fifeshire, Scotland. Annabella Drummond was a Queen Consort. Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland was born in 1337 and died on April 04, 1406 in Rothesay, Scotland. He was buried in Paisley, Scotland. He was originally crowned John Stewart, Earl of Carrick by King David II on June 22, 1368. He was crowned King Robert III at Scone on August 14, 1390. He married Annabella Drummond (daughter of Sir John Drummond and Unknown) in 1366/67. Annabella Drummond was born before 1340. She died in 1401 in Scone, Scotland. She was buried in Dunfermlin Abbey, Fifeshire, Scotland. Annabella Drummond was a Queen Consort.
  
  === Under "Fife", Vol 2, (# V, pages 369-380 ===
  Under "Fife", Vol 2, (# V, pages 369-380) The Complete Peerage Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain & theUnited Kingdom. Extant, Extinct or Dormant. By G. E. Cokayne. 2000,SuttonPublishing Ltd, Gloucester.
  
  === !Succeeded to the throne in 1390 as Robe ===
  !Succeeded to the throne in 1390 as Robert III, King of Scotland (legitimated through the marriage of his parents, d.i.s.p. Nov 1347). He married abt 1367 Annabella Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drumnond of Stobhall. Robert III had two issues involved with this Pedigree Chart -- James I, King of Scotland, and Princess Mary Stewart. For additional information see notes on James I. Robert III had been lamed by a kick from a horse, and to physical disability he added a neurotic and despondendt temperament. He described himself as "the worst of kings and the most wretched of men in the whole realm." He was too ready to please contesting nobles, and the decline in royal authority continued. His younger brother brother, the Duke of Albany, wielded greater power than the king. Perhaps to protect his young son and heir , James, from Albany's ambition, Fobert III sent the boy to France, but James was captured by English pirates, and this helped to hasten Robert III's death. References SEE SEPARATE SCHEDULE FOR FULL NAMES -- Weis-S 252-33; Weis 41-8; Cokayne I pg 154-155, VI pg 421; Johnson-C pg 41; Bingham pg 57ff; Mackie 88ff; Taute; Louda Table 13;Moncreiffe pg 21; Langer pg 213.!
  
  === 1. "Stuarts of the House of Castlestua ===
  1. "Stuarts of the House of Castlestuart in Ireland", British 929.2415 St92s, page 49, page 56 (Children), page 62 2. "The James Stewart Family", 929.273 ST49d, page 11 - Crowned in 1390. His rightful name was Joh, but was changed because the Scots did not like the name. His son was captured by the English, causing his father to die of a broken-yeart, in 1406.
  
  === Royal and Noble Genealogy Site http://ww ===
  Royal and Noble Genealogy Site http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/GEDCOM.html Changed his name from John to Robert on ascending to the throne. reigned but too injured by kick from horse to rule. Weir says died at Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire.
  
  === Earl of Menteith (from 1361), earl of Fi ===
  Earl of Menteith (from 1361), earl of Fife (briefly before March 1372), Great Chamberlain of Scotland (1383-1408), duke of Albany (from 1398), and Governor of Scotland (1406-20). As earl of Fife and Monteith, he held commands under his father and more than once harried Cumberland. Because of Robert II's old age, the duke of Albany was given the power of government in 1388, and he continued it during the reign of John (Robert III), his infirm brother. Robert starved his brother's eldest son to death at Falkland and then secured the capture and imprisonment of the second son in England. He gave up the regency to his nephew David Stewart, duke of Rothesay who proved incompetent and died while in the custody of Albany. Albany continued as governor from 1402 until his own death because Robert III's successor, James I was a prisoner in England. Albany continued the Scottish alliance with France and he put down a rebellion of Donald MacDonald, lord of the Isles in 1411. Historians represented him as being "'tall, majestic and of an amiable countenance". They also ascribed to him "insatiable ambition, unrelenting cruelty, cowardice, defect of military fame, and a long practice in the dark paths of art and dissimulation".
  
  === !book:REGISTO GENEALOGICO DAS FAMILIAS Q ===
  !book:REGISTO GENEALOGICO DAS FAMILIAS QUE PASSARAM A Eng. Luis Peter Clode !book:THE SCOTTISH William Andersen 1871 !BOOK?:VISCOUNT STRATHALLAN'S GENEALOGY OF THE HOUSE OF !BOOK:THE GENEALOGY OF THE MOST NOBLE AND ANCIENT HOUSE OF !ASCENDENCY: MALCOLM CANMORE REI DOS ESCOCESES EM
  
  === He was originally crowned John Stewart, ===
  He was originally crowned John Stewart, Earl of Carrick, by King DavidII on 22 Jun 1368. He was crowned King Robert III at Scone on 14 Aug1390.
  
  === Robert Stewart, 3rd, but 2nd surviving s ===
  Robert Stewart, 3rd, but 2nd surviving son of Robert, High Steward of Scotland, afterwards (1370-90) Robert II, by his 1st wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Adam Mure, of Rowallan, was b. about 1340, and while a young man (1361), became, in right of his wife, Earl of Menteith. By agreement, 30 Mar 1371, with Isabel, suo jure Countess of Fife, he became, on her resignation, Earl of Fife, by which later title he was generally known. Great Chamberlain 1383-1407. He mad two successful raids into England, one in 1385, and another in 1388. On 1 Dec 1388 the King (his father), being aged, and his eldest brother (afterwards Robert II) infirm, he was made, by Parliament, Guardian of the Realm, and, as such, agreed to a treaty with the English in 1389; but on 27 Jan 1398/9, he was superseded, by the appointment of David, the heir apparent of the throne, as "King's Lieutenant" with as ample powers as his (David's) uncle (the said Duke) had as "Guardian of the Realm". On the death, sp. legit, of his brother Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, he appears to have been considered to have succeeded to that Earldom, (recognized to the said Alexander, 25 July 1382) which he resigned 20 Sep 1406. In Mar 1398 he, with his said nephew David, had an interview at Haudenstank with John, Duke of Lancaster, and other English Commissioners, and shortly afterwards, he and his said nephew were each advanced to a Dukedom (the first Dukes ever made in Scotland), he being, on 28 Apr 1398, created Duke of Albany, in a solemn Council held at Scone. For his complicity in the arrest of his said nephew, David, then Duke of Rothesay (who d. a prisoner in Albany's Castle of Falkland, 27 Mar 1402), he received a remission from Parliament. After his nephew's death, the Duke assumed the then vacant office of "King's Lieutenant"; and by Charter, 2 Sep 1403, was created Earl of Atholl, during the life of the reigning King, with remainder (should he die before the said King) to his 2nd son John. By the death of the said King, 4 Apr 1406, this Earldom consequently became extinct. At the council held June 1406, after the death of his brother Robert III, he was made Regent, the King (his nephew James I), being then a prisoner in England, which Kingdom accordingly he again invaded in 1417, but on this occasion without success.
  
  He m., 1stly (dispensation 9 Sep 1361), Margaret, suo jure Countess of Menteith (who had previously been the wife of Sir John Moray of Bothwell (dsp. 1352), of Thomas Erskine, 9th Earl of Mar, and of Sir John Drummond of Concraig), daughter (only surviving child & heir) of John Graham, jure uxoris Earl of Menteith, by Mary, suo jure Countess of Menteith. She d. about 1380, between 21 Jul 1372 and 4 May 1380. He m. 2ndly (Papal dispensation 4 May 1380), Muriel, 1st daughter of Sir William Keith, Marischal of Scotland, by Margaret, daughter and heir of John Fraser of Zouch (sic. Touch?) Fraser, son and heir of Sir Alexander Fraser, High Chamberlain. He d. 3 Sep 1420, at Stirling Castle, aged above 80, and was buried in Donfermline Abbey. His widow d. shortly before Whitsunday (1 June) 1449. [Complete Peerage I:77-79, XIV:15]
  
  ___________________________
  
  Robert Stewart, third son of King Robert II by Elizabeth Mure, his first wife, born in 1339, married first, by dispensation dated 9 September 1361, as her fourth husband, Margaret, Countess of Menteith, by which marriage he became by courtesy Earl of Menteith. He entered into an indenture with Isobel, Countess of Fife, relict of his elder brother Walter, dated at Perth, 30 March 1371, wherein she acknowledges him to be her lawful heir-apparent, and that, when the Earldom of Fife is recovered and the Countess has got possession of it, whe will resign it into the King's hands for infeftment in his favour. In consequence of this he succeeded to that Earldom, and was styled Earl of Fife and Menteith. By Crown charter, dated 7 February 1372-3, the custody of the Castle of Stirling was committed to his care. In 1382 he was appointed Great Chamberlain of Scotland, which office he held till 1408, when he resigned in favour of his son John, Earl of Buchan. In 1385, in conjunction with the Earl of Douglas and a body of French auxiliaries under Jean de Vienne, Admiral of France, he invaded England with an army of 30,000 men, took the Castle of Wark, and ravaged the country from Berwick to Newcastle. On the advance of the Duke of Lancaster against him, he retired into Scotland, which was thereupon invaded by the English. The Earls of Fife and Douglas, along with Archibald, Lord of Galloway, thereupon invaded Cumberland as far as Cockermouth, spoiling the country between the Felis and the sea. The Earl of Menteith made another successful invasion of England in 1388. His father, King Robert II, being now far advanced in years, and his elder brother, the Earl of Carrick, afterwards Robert III, being from bodily infirmity unable to take an active part in government, a parliament was called in which the Earl of Fife was by the Three Estates solemnly recognised on 1 December 1388 as guardian of the kingdom, in which office hd continued after the death of his father and the accession of his elder brother, Joh, Earl of Carrick, to the throne, under the title of Robert III, in 1390. Eight years after this, when the heir-apparent to the throne was created Duke of Rothesay, the Earl of Fife and Menteith, on 28 April 1398, was created Duke of Albany. The following year he had the pretended King Richard II placed under his custody. His nephew, the Duke of Rothesay, having been for some youthful excesses, by order of his father, King Robert III, seized and delivered into his safe-keeping, it has been alleged that he was most barbarously starved to death in Albany's Castle of Falkland, 27 March 1402. It is more likely, however, that he died of dysentery. A parliament was called and met at Edinburgh, 16 May 1402, to inquire into the fact, and Albany and the Earl of Douglas having confessed the imprisonment, imputing the death to divine provindence, were acquitted of the charge and obtained a full remission under the Great Seal. The following year the Regent assembled forces, took Innerwick from the English and saved Cocklaws Castle from being delivered up to the Percies by James de Gladstanes, who had agreed to surrender if not succoured in time. On 2 September 1403 the Earldom of Atholl, which had reverted to the Crown on the death of the Duke of Rothesay, was conferred on him in free regality during the lifetime of the King only, with a remainder to his son John in case of his predecease. On the death of King Robert III in 1406, the Duke of Albany was constituted regent and governor of the realm of Scotland, his hephwe James being a prisoner in England. When King Henry V was in France, in 1417, the regent raised an army to invade England and attack Berwick, but was forced to retire by the Dukes of Bedford and Exeter. In 1419 he despatched his son John, Earl of Buchan, with a chosen army of 7000 men inot France to assist the Dauphin against the English, and he concluded a long and active life of vigorous exertion at the Castle of Stirling, 2 September 1420, aged upwards of eighty. His body was interred in the Abbey Church of Dunfermline. Wintoun and Bower draw his character in very flattering colours, and while he may not be the melodramatic villain described by Pinkerton, neither was he, as represented by the writer of the 'Red Book of Menteith,' the most perfect man who ever inhabited this world.
  
  He married first, Margaret, Countess of Menteith, only daughter of Sir John Graham and Mary, Countess of Menteith, widow of Sir John Moray, Lord of Bothwell, Thomas, thirteenth Earl of Mar, and Sir John Drummond of Concraig.
  
  The regent married, secondly, Muriella, eldest daughter of Sir William de Keith, Great Marischal of Scotland, who survived him and died shortly before Witsunday 1449. [ The Scots Peerage I:146-148]
  
  === www.encyclopedia.com/articles/11026.html ===
  www.encyclopedia.com/articles/11026.html states that he was crippled by a horse and, thereafter, the power of the throne was held by his brother Robert Stuart, duke of Albany. www.scotlandroyalty.org gives dates
  
  === He was created 1st Earl of Carrick, Scot ===
  He was created 1st Earl of Carrick, Scotland, on 22 Jun 1368. He was styled as Earl of Atholl on 17 Oct. 1379. He suceeded to the title of King Robert III of Scotland on 19 April 1390. He was crowned King on 14 Aug 1390 at Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, Scotland.
  
  === b.c. 1330, d. bef Dec 1423. Son of Willi ===
  b.c. 1330, d. bef Dec 1423. Son of William Crichton; m. ChristianGremislaw; father of William who m. Agnes. [Kerry Burns BURR LINE b.c.1330, d. 1423; son of William Crichton; m. Christian Gremislaw; fatherof: 1. Douglas 2. William who m. Agnes Crichton [Robert Salzman b.c.1340, d. bef 12 Dec 1423; son of William de Crichton and MargaretBrunston; m. Christian Gremislaw; father of William, 1st Baron Crichton,who m. Agnes. [Eileen McKinnon-Suggs John de Crichton probably begandeveloping the site of Crichton Castle during the reign of Robert III(1390-1406), with the building of a lofty tower house and otherstructures. As succeeding generations came and went, so his castle wasadapted to meet their changing requirements. Undoubtedly, the mostsignificant remodelling was that undertaken for hsi son, the redoubtableChancellor Crichton, in the second quarter of the 15th century. [CrichtonCastle, p. 2]
  
  === Reigned: 19 Apr 1390 - 4 Apr 1406 AKA: ===
  Reigned: 19 Apr 1390 - 4 Apr 1406 AKA: John He was crowned at Scone 14 Aug. 1390. He was born John, but known as Robert in deference to popular feeling. He was physically crippled and left the business of government to his brother, the Duke of Albany, once he had seen himself incapable. other spouses: Annabella Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall.

• m. 13 MAR 1365 in Dispensation, Kyle, Ayrshire,Scotland

1. Mary Stewart Countess of Angus, b. 1380 in Falkland Castle, Falkland, Fife, Scotland     d. 20 MAR 1458 in Duntreath Castle, Strathblane, Stirlingshire, Scotland

1. Title: Britroyals.com: King Robert III of Scotland (1390 - 1406)
   Author: “King Robert III of Scotland (1390 - 1406).” https://www.britroyals.com/scots.asp?id=robert3. Accessed 22 Jun. 2019.
   Publication: Name: https://www.britroyals.com/scots.asp?id=robert3;
   Note: Source created by RecordSeek.com
   Page: Created by http://RecordSeek.com
   
2. Title: Wikipedia: Guardians of Scotland
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardian_of_Scotland#Guardians_during_the_reign_of_Robert_II;
   Note: The Guardians of Scotland were regents who governed the Kingdom of Scotland from 1286 until 1292 and from 1296 until 1306. During the many years of minority in Scotland's subsequent history, there were many guardians of Scotland and the post was a significant constitutional feature in the course of development for politics in the country. Guardians of Scotland during the First Interregnum 1286–1292 The First Interregnum began upon the death of Alexander III of Scotland in 1286. Alexander's only surviving descendant was Margaret, Maid of Norway, who was a young child and living in Norway where her father Eric II was king. She was finally sent to Great Britain in 1290, but she died before arriving in Scotland. The next king of Scots was not determined until completion of an arbitration in 1292. The following persons served as guardians during the First Interregnum: William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow John Comyn II of Badenoch James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan Donnchadh III, Earl of Fife In a letter (written in Old French) from the Scots Parliament of 1290, sitting at Birgham, confirming the Treaty of Salisbury, the guardians of Scotland are listed as:[1] "... Guillaume de Seint Andreu et Robert de Glasgu evesques, Johan Comyn et James Seneschal de Escoce, gardeins du reaume de Escoce..." English translation: "William [Fraser] of St Andrews and Robert [Wishart] of Glasgow bishops, John Comyn and James the Steward of Scotland, guardians of the kingdom of Scotland". Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan (13 June 1291 – ????) Guardians of Scotland during the Second Interregnum 1296–1306 Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland Sir William Wallace (1297–1298) Sir Robert the Bruce (1298–1300) John Comyn III (1298–1301) — William de Lamberton (1299–1301) Sir Ingram de Umfraville (1300–1301) Sir John de Soules (1301–1304) Guardians during the minority and reign of David II The Guardians during the minority and reign of David II were: Sir Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray (1329–1332), appointed by the Act of Settlement of 1318. Donald, Earl of Mar (1332, for ten days) Sir Andrew Moray of Bothwell (1332 until captured by the English at Roxburgh Bridge in October). Sir Archibald Douglas (1332 until killed at the Battle of Halidon Hill in July 1333) Sir Andrew Moray of Bothwell for the second time (1335–1338, when he died following a brief illness) Robert the Steward, nephew (older in years) to David and future king of Scotland. Robert was guardian on four occasions, sometimes jointly, and latterly twice during the eleven years of the king's enforced absence as a prisoner in England after the Battle of Neville's Cross (1346–1357). He used these years to build a large power base in the country, especially north of the Forth. Guardians during the reign of Robert II Guardians during the infirmity of King Robert II John Stewart, Earl of Carrick (November 1384–December 1388) Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife (December 1388 – 1390)
   Page: Identifies John Stewart as Earl of Carrick and Guardian of Scotland (Regent) from November 1384 to December 1388
   
3. Title: Records of the Parliaments of Scotland
   Publication: Name: https://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1388/12/1;
   Note: Robert II: Translation 1388, 1 December, Edinburgh, Council Council Records 1 December 1388 Legislation: roll of parliament 1388/12/1]* Legislation: roll of parliament Acts in the council of the aforesaid king at Edinburgh on 1 December in the year, etc., [13]88, which had been prorogued by reason of the lord [John Stewart,] earl of Carrick, firstborn son of the king, from the council begun at Linlithgow in the preceding month of August. The three communities having assembled and been called together, [and] the intention and will of the king having been put forth, first in a schedule sealed by his signet ring, then by an authoritative utterance, the king submitted himself briefly and fully to the ordinance of his general council as far as putting into effect the administration of justice through the whole kingdom and as far as the defence of the kingdom against his enemies by force. And in the same way he wished his firstborn son and heir to submit† to the same ordinance. Indeed, after many talks, consultations and a discussion had been held, the three communities at length agreeing, and considering that there are, and have been now for a considerable time, great and numerous defects in the governing of the kingdom by reason of the king's disposition, both by reason of age and for other reasons, and the infirmity of the lord his firstborn son, and the minority of the son [David Stewart] of the same son and heir, and above all wishing to guard against the dangers which threaten at present by an invasion of their enemies in the marches, have amicably chosen Sir [Robert Stewart], earl of Fife, second-born son of the king, and brother german of the same lord the firstborn son, [as] guardian of the kingdom under the king, and his firstborn, and his son and heir, for putting into effect justice and keeping the law internally, and for the defence of the kingdom with the king's force, as set out before, against those attempting to rise up as enemies. The king himself, moreover, admitted in his council†with joy the aforementioned earl of Fife, his son, thus chosen as guardian of his kingdom in this way and presented to him by the council, by the counsel and consent also of his aforesaid firstborn son. And he instructed his chancellor [John Peebles, bishop of Dunkeld] to release a commission to him† in the form that it is to last until his said firstborn son recovers from his infirmity by God's grace or until his firstborn son† and heir arrives at the ability of governing his office according to and by the determination of the council of the kingdom, and as long as this lord earl of Fife shall manage himself well and usefully in the aforesaid office, according to the determination and declaration of the general council or parliament. Which very determination and declaration will be made each year henceforth in the full parliament or general council which the king has now ordained and instructed to be held before the end of each year during six weeks or a month. It is also ordained by the council in the same place, and the king has instructed, that all and singular other subjects and lieges of the king shall make an oath of fealty to the said guardian during the term of his office. The king also wished and commanded the chancellor in full council, from the consent and deliberation of the council, that he shall release whatsoever letters under the king's seal which the guardian and council, by one consent, may command touching the common usefulness, and [touching] the common ordinance to be made by his council for the governance and defence of the kingdom.
   Page: During reign of Robert II John Stewart removed as Guardian of Scotland by reason of infirmity [severely injured by horse kick] on December 1 1388 replaced by his brother Robert Stewart Earl of Fife
   
4. Title: "The Stewarts of Appin," by J.H.J. and D. Stewart by John Hope J. Stewart, Duncan Stewart
   Author: Publication date: 1880 Collection: europeanlibraries Digitizing sponsor: Google Book from the collections of Oxford University Language: English
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/stewartsappinby00stewgoog/page/n24/mode/2up?q=William+FitzAlan;
   
5. Title: Wikipedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_III_of_Scotland;
   
6. Title: Robert Stewart, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1X1D : 10 September 2021), Robert Stewart, ; Burial, Paisley, , Renfrewshire, Scotland, Paisley Abbey; citing record ID 9348459, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1X1D;
   
7. Title: Stewart Society.org-History of the Stewarts
   Publication: Name: https://www.stewartsociety.org/history-of-the-stewarts.cfm?section=family-lines&subcatid=44&histid=375;
   
8. Title: Royal Genealogies (Volume II)
   Author: James Anderson, D.D., Royal Genealogies (Volume II), Table 505, Page 760 (left center).
   
9. Title: Douglas History.co.uk: King Robert III, 1390 - 1406
   Author: “King Robert III, 1390 - 1406.” http://www.douglashistory.co.uk/history/monarchs/kingrobert3rd.htm. Accessed 25 Feb. 2019.
   Publication: Name: http://www.douglashistory.co.uk/history/monarchs/kingrobert3rd.htm;
   Note: Source created by RecordSeek.com
   Page: Created by http://RecordSeek.com
   
10. Title: Noronha, Henrique Henriques de. Nobiliário da Ilha da Madeira. Edição da Revista Genealógica Brasileira. Tomo II, p. 242
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99DX-YDTF?i=252&cat=117952https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F3%3A1%3A3QS7-99DX-YD5J%3Fi%3D258&cat=117952;
    
11. Title: Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland - The Peerage
    Author: “Person Page - 10210.” http://www.thepeerage.com/p10210.htm#i102099. Accessed 22 Jun. 2019.
    Publication: Name: http://www.thepeerage.com/p10210.htm#i102099;
    Note: Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland was born in 1337 at Dundonald, Ayrshire, ScotlandG.1 He was the son of Robert II Stewart, King of Scotland and Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan.2 He married Annabel Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drummond, 11th of Lennox and Mary Montifex, on 13 March 1365/66.3 He died on 4 April 1406 at Rothesay Castle, Dundonald, Ayrshire, ScotlandG.4 He was buried at Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Renfrewshire, ScotlandG.4 He was given the name of John Stewart at birth.5 He was created 1st Earl of Carrick [Scotland] on 22 June 1368.6 He was styled as Earl of Atholl on 17 October 1379.1 He succeeded as the King Robert III of Scotland on 19 April 1390.1 He was crowned King of Scotland on 14 August 1390 at Scone Abbey, Scone, Perthshire, ScotlandG.1 Children of Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland and Annabel Drummond Lady Elizabeth Stewart+7 d. b 1411 Egidia Stewart Margaret Stewart, Lady of Galloway+7 b. bt 1367 - 1385, d. bt 26 Jan 1450 - Sep 1456 Lady Mary Stewart+8 b. bt 1378 - 1396, d. c 1458 David Stewart, 1st and last Duke of Rothesay9 b. 24 Oct 1378, d. 26 Mar 1402 Robert Stewart1 b. bt 1379 - 1401 James I Stewart, King of Scotland+7 b. 25 Jul 1394, d. 21 Feb 1436/37 Children of Robert III Stewart, King of Scotland James Stewart of Kilbride7 Sir John Stewart+10 b. b 1374 Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 227. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S323] Sir James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage: founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's The Peerage of Scotland (Edinburgh, Scotland: David Douglas, 1904), volume I, page 15. Hereinafter cited as The Scots Peerage. [S323] Sir James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage, volume IX, page 2. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 229. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 226. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume III, page 58. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S323] Sir James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage, volume I, page 18. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume I, page 154. [S323] Sir James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage, volume I, page 17. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume II, page 513.
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12. Title: The Scots peerage
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99C5-QVKP;
    Note: The Stewart Kings, starts page 9; Robert III, page 17