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Richard de Burgh 2nd Earl of Ulster


Preferred Parents:
Mother: Aveline FitzJohn, b. ABT 1248 in Shere, Surrey, England   d. ABT 1274 in Dunmow, Essex, England

Family 1: Margaret Guines,    b. ABT 1260 in Guines, Pas-De-Calais, France    d. 1304 in Burgh Hall, Staffordshire, England
  1. Elizabeth de Burgh, b. 1284 in Ireland     d. 27 OCT 1327 in Cullen, Banffshire, Scotland
Sources:
  1. Title: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography "Burgh, Walter de, 1st earl of Ulster"
    Publication: Name: https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/3998;
  2. Title: Wikiwand: Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Robert_the_Bruce;
    Note: Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis; modern Scottish Gaelic: Raibeart Bruis; Norman French: Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys; Early Scots: Robert Brus; Latin: Robertus Brussius), was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Robert was one of the most famous warriors of his generation, and eventually led Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against England. He fought successfully during his reign to regain Scotland's place as an independent country and is today revered in Scotland as a national hero. Descended from the Anglo-Norman and Gaelic nobility, his paternal fourth-great grandfather was King David I. Robert's grandfather, Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale, was one of the claimants to the Scottish throne during the "Great Cause." As Earl of Carrick, Robert the Bruce supported his family's claim to the Scottish throne and took part in William Wallace's revolt against Edward I of England. Appointed in 1298 as a Guardian of Scotland alongside his chief rival for the throne, John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, and William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews, Robert later resigned in 1300 due to his quarrels with Comyn and the apparently imminent restoration of John Balliol to the Scottish throne. After submitting to Edward I in 1302 and returning to "the king's peace," Robert inherited his family's claim to the Scottish throne upon his father's death. In February 1306, Bruce, having wounded Comyn with his dagger, rushed from the church and encountered his attendants outside. Bruce told them what had happened and said, "I must be off, for I doubt I have slain the Red Comyn," "Doubt?" Roger de Kirkpatrick of Closeburn answered, "I mak sikker," ("I'll make sure," or "I make sure") and rushing into the church, finishing Comyn and Robert The Bruce was excommunicated by the Pope (although he received absolution from Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow). Bruce moved quickly to seize the throne and was crowned king of Scots on 25 March 1306. Edward I's forces defeated Robert in battle, forcing him to flee into hiding in the Hebrides and Ireland before returning in 1307 to defeat an English army at Loudoun Hill and wage a highly successful guerrilla war against the English. Bruce defeated his other Scots enemies, destroying their strongholds and devastating their lands, and in 1309 held his first parliament. A series of military victories between 1310 and 1314 won him control of much of Scotland, and at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, Robert defeated a much larger English army under Edward II of England, confirming the re-establishment of an independent Scottish kingdom. The battle marked a significant turning point, with Robert's armies now free to launch devastating raids throughout northern England, while also extending his war against the English to Ireland by sending an army to invade there and by appealing to the Irish to rise against Edward II's rule. Despite Bannockburn and the capture of the final English stronghold at Berwick in 1318, Edward II refused to renounce his claim to the overlordship of Scotland. In 1320, the Scottish nobility submitted the Declaration of Arbroath to Pope John XXII, declaring Robert as their rightful monarch and asserting Scotland's status as an independent kingdom. In 1324, the Pope recognised Robert I as king of an independent Scotland, and in 1326, the Franco-Scottish alliance was renewed in the Treaty of Corbeil. In 1327, the English deposed Edward II in favour of his son, Edward III, and peace was concluded between Scotland and England with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, by which Edward III renounced all claims to sovereignty over Scotland. Robert I died in June 1329. His body is buried in Dunfermline Abbey, while his heart was interred in Melrose Abbey and his internal organs embalmed and placed in St Serf’s Chapel, Dumbarton, site of the medieval Cardross Parish church. 3rd cousin and associate to Roger de Kirkpatrick, Roger is also 1st cousin to William Wallace. Background Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale, the first of the Bruce, or de Brus, line arrived in Scotland with David I in 1124 and was given the lands of Annandale in Dumfries and Galloway. Robert I was one of the ten children, and the eldest son, of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale, and Marjorie, Countess of Carrick, and claimed the Scottish throne as a fourth great-grandson of David I. His mother was by all accounts a formidable woman who, legend would have it, kept Robert Bruce's father captive until he agreed to marry her. From his mother, he inherited the Earldom of Carrick, and through his father, a royal lineage that would give him a claim to the Scottish throne. The Bruces also held substantial estates in Aberdeenshire, County Antrim, County Durham, Essex, Middlesex and Yorkshire. Early life (1274–1292) Birth Although Robert the Bruce's date of birth is known, his place of birth is less certain, although it is most likely to have been Turnberry Castle in Ayrshire, the head of his mother's earldom. Childhood Very little is known of his youth. He was probably brought up in a mixture of the Anglo-Norman culture of northern England and south-eastern Scotland, and the Gaelic culture of south-west Scotland and most of Scotland north of the River Forth. Annandale was thoroughly feudalised and the form of Northern Middle English that would later develop into the Scots language was spoken throughout the region. Carrick was historically an integral part of Galloway, and though the earls of Carrick had achieved some feudalisation, the society of Carrick at the end of the thirteenth century remained emphatically Celtic and Gaelic speaking. Robert the Bruce would most probably have become trilingual at an early age. He would have been schooled to speak, read and possibly write in the Anglo-Norman language of his Scots-Norman peers and his father's family. He would also have spoken both the Gaelic language of his Carrick birthplace and his mother's family, and the early Scots language. As the heir to a considerable estate and a pious layman, Robert would also have been given working knowledge of Latin, the language of charter lordship, liturgy and prayer. This would have afforded Robert and his brothers access to basic education in the law, politics, scripture, saints' Lives (vitae), philosophy, history and chivalric instruction and romance. That Robert took personal pleasure in such learning and leisure is suggested in a number of ways. Barbour reported that Robert read aloud to his band of supporters in 1306, reciting from memory tales from a twelfth-century romance of Charlemagne, Fierabras, as well as relating examples from history such as Hannibal's defiance of Rome. As king, Robert certainly commissioned verse to commemorate Bannockburn and his subjects' military deeds. Contemporary chroniclers Jean Le Bel and Thomas Grey would both assert that they had read a history of his reign 'commissioned by King Robert himself.' In his last years, Robert would pay for Dominican friars to tutor his son, David, for whom he would also purchase books. A parliamentary briefing document of c.1364 would also assert that Robert 'used continually to read, or have read in his presence, the histories of ancient kings and princes, and how they conducted themselves in their times, both in wartime and in peacetime; from these he derived information about aspects of his own rule.' Tutors for the young Robert and his brothers were most likely drawn from unbeneficed clergy or mendicant friars associated with the churches patronised by their family. However, as growing noble youths, outdoor pursuits and great events would also have held a strong fascination for Robert and his brothers. They would have had masters drawn from their parents' household to school them in the arts of horsemanship, swordsmanship, the joust, hunting and perhaps aspects of courtly behaviour, including dress, protocol, speech, table etiquette, music and dance, some of which may have been learned before the age of ten while serving as pages in their father's or grandfather's household. As many of these personal and leadership skills were bound up within a code of chivalry, Robert's chief tutor was surely a reputable, experienced knight, drawn from his grandfather's crusade retinue. This grandfather, known to contemporaries as Robert the Noble, and to history as "Bruce the Competitor," seems to have been an immense influence on the future king. Robert's later performance in war certainly underlines his skills in tactics and single combat. The family would have moved between the castles of their lordships—Lochmaben Castle, the main castle of the lordship of Annandale, and Turnberry and Loch Doon Castle, the castles of the earldom of Carrick. A significant and profound part of the childhood experience of Robert, Edward and possibly the other Bruce brothers (Neil, Thomas and Alexander), was also gained through the Gaelic tradition of being fostered to allied Gaelic kindreds—a traditional practice in Carrick, south-west and western Scotland, the Hebrides and Ireland. There were a number of Carrick, Ayrshire, Hebridean and Irish families and kindreds affiliated with the Bruces who might have performed such a service (Robert's foster-brother is referred to by Barbour as sharing Robert's precarious existence as an outlaw in Carrick in 1307–08). This Gaelic influence has been cited as a possible explanation for Robert the Bruce's apparent affinity for 'hobelar' warfare, using smaller sturdy ponies in mounted raids, as well as for sea-power, ranging from oared war-galleys ('birlinns') to boats. According to historians such as Barrow and Penman, it is also likely that when Robert and Edward Bruce reached the male age of consent of twelve and began training for full knighthood, they were sent to reside for a period with one or more allied English ...
  3. Title: High Sheriff of Berkshire
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/High_Sheriff_of_Berkshire;
  4. Title: Richard de Burgh (1259-1326), "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV2B-MXZP : 11 January 2023), Richard de Burgh, ; Burial, Golden, , County Tipperary, Ireland, Athassel Priory; citing record ID 85679488, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV2B-MXZP;
    Note: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85679488/richard-de-burgh Sir Richard de Burgh BIRTH 1259 Northern Ireland DEATH 29 Jul 1326 (aged 66–67) Cashel, County Tipperary, Ireland BURIAL Athassel Priory Golden, County Tipperary, Ireland MEMORIAL ID 85679488 Knight, Earl of Ulster. Nicknamed the Red Earl and the general of all the Irish forces in Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Gascoigne. Son of Sir Walter de Burgh and Aveline FitzJohn. Richard married Margaret, the possible daughter of Arnoul II, Count of Guines and Alice de Coucy. They were married before 27 Feb 1281. Another unknown source states his wife was possibly his second cousin and the daughter of John de Burgh 2nd Earl of Ulster 1238–1279 and Cecilia de Baliol 2nd Baroness of Ulster 1240–1273.
  5. Title: Richard Óg de Burgh (1259-1326), "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:731X-F8T2 : 12 January 2023), Richard Óg de Burgh, ; Burial, Athenry, , County Galway, Ireland, Abbey Graveyard; citing record ID 194332706, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:731X-F8T2;
    Note: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/194332706/richard-%C3%B3g-de_burgh Richard Óg de Burgh BIRTH 1259 DEATH 29 Jul 1326 (aged 66–67) BURIAL Abbey Graveyard Athenry, County Galway, Ireland MEMORIAL ID 194332706 Parents: Walter de Burgh (1230–1271) Aveline FitzJohn Burgh (unknown–1274) Child: Eleanor de Multon (1282–1324)
    Page: He died in Tipperary but was buried in Galway. (source Wikipedia)
  6. Title: William de Burgh in Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Edition 1, Vol. 2 (1889), pg. 76
    Author: Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Edition 1, Vol. 2, pg. 76
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/completepeerage02cokahrish/page/n75/mode/2up;
    Note: Barony by writ. 1. "William de Burgh was sum. to Parl, as a Baron (LORD BURGH) by writs 10 Dee. (1327) 1 Edw. III. to 15 June (1328) 2 Ed. III. but never afterwards. He was probably the same ' person as William de Burgh, 5th s. of Richard (de Burgh] 2nd earl of Ulster [I.] by Margaret, da. of John de Burgh, which William is said to have if. s.p. shortly after 1337.
    Page: William de Burgh, son of Richard Og de Burgh, in Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 2, pg. 76
  7. Title: Richard de Burgh (1259-1326), The Peerage
    Author: Darryl Lundy, The Peerage, a genealogical survey of teh Peerage of Britian as well as the royal families of Europe(http://thepeerage.com : accessed 23 Jan 2020), Richard de Burgh;
    Publication: Name: https://www.thepeerage.com/p10693.htm#i106926;
    Note: Richard de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster was born circa 1259.2 He was the son of Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster and Isabel fitz John.1 He married Margaret de Gunes, daughter of Arnould III de Gunes, Comte de Gunes and Alix Marie de Coucy, Dame de Coucy, before 27 February 1280/81.3 He died on 29 July 1326. Richard de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster also went by the nick-name of \'the Red Earl\'.1 He gained the title of 2nd Earl of Ulster [I., 1261]. He gained the title of Earl of Connaught.4 He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.5 Children of Richard de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and Margaret de Gunes Aveline de Burgh+6 Katherine de Burgh6 d. c 1 Nov 1331 Lady Joan de Burgh+7 d. 23 Apr 1359 Lady Elizabeth de Burgh+ b. c 1280, d. 26 Oct 1327 John de Burgh+3 b. c 1290, d. 18 Jun 1313Children of Richard de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster unknown son de Burgh+8 Eleanor de Burgh+9 Matilda de Burgh10 b. c 1290, d. 1320Citations [S21] L. G. Pine, The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms (London, U.K.: Heraldry Today, 1972), page 69. Hereinafter cited as The New Extinct Peerage. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume XII/2, page 173. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume XII/2, page 177. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain\'s Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 209. Hereinafter cited as Britain\'s Royal Families. [S18] Matthew H.C.G., editor, Dictionary of National Biography on CD-ROM (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1995), de Burgh, Richard. Hereinafter cited as Dictionary of National Biography. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume VIII, page 170. [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume VII, page 222. [S37] BP2003 volume 1, page 1211. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] [S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume IX, page 404. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain\'s Royal Families, page 83.
  8. Title: Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, in Cokaney's Complete Peerage, Vol. 8, pgs. 5-6
    Author: Cokaney's Complete Peerage, Edition 1, Vol. 8 (1889), pgs. 5-6
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/completepeerage00cokagoog/page/4/mode/2up;
    Page: Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, in Cokaney's Complete Peerage, Vol. 8, pgs. 5-6
  9. Title: Richard De Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster/A Compendium of Irish Biography by Alfred Webb 1878
    Publication: Name: https://www.libraryireland.com/biography/RichardDeBurgh2ndEarlofUlster.php;
    Page: Historical
  10. Title: Earls of Ulster in Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 8, pgs. 4-6
    Author: Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 8, pgs. 4-6
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/completepeerage00cokagoog/page/4/mode/2up;
    Note: Richard Og de Burgh, Earl of Ulster in Cokayne's Complete Peerage, 1887, Vol. 8, pgs. 4-6
    Page: Richard Og de Burgh, Earl of Ulster in Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 8, pgs. 4-6
  11. Title: Elizabeth de Clare (de Burgh) in Cokayne's Completer Peerage, Vol. 2, pgs. 268-269
    Author: Cokayne's Completer Peerage, Vol. 2, pgs. 268-269
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/completepeerage02cokahrish/page/n267/mode/2up?q=Burgh;
    Note: Elizabeth de Clare (de Burgh), daughter of Richard Og de Burgh, in Cokayne's Completer Peerage, 1889, Vol. 2, pgs. 268-269
    Page: Elizabeth de Clare (de Burgh), daughter of Richard Og de Burgh, in Cokayne's Completer Peerage, Vol. 2, pgs. 268-269
  12. Title: The de la Bere Family Tree
    Publication: Name: http://www.mayfamilyhistory.co.uk/abear/trees/delabere.pdf;
  13. Title: Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster in Wikipedia
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_%C3%93g_de_Burgh,_2nd_Earl_of_Ulster;
    Note: Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and 3rd Baron of Connaught (1259 – 29 July 1326), called The Red Earl (Latinized to de Burgo), was one of the most powerful Irish nobles of the late 13th and early 14th centuries and father of Elizabeth, wife of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland. Richard's father was Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (of the second creation) and Lord of Connacht. "Richard Óg", means "Richard the Young", which may be a reference to his youth when he became earl in 1271. Richard Óg was the most powerful of the de Burgh Earls of Ulster, succeeding his father in Ulster and Connacht upon reaching his majority in 1280. Richard married Margaret, the daughter of his cousin John de Burgh (also spelled de Borough) and Cecily Baillol. Richard died on 29 July 1326 at Athassel Priory, near Cashel, County Tipperary. Earl of Ulster 1271–1326
    Page: Lists parents, spouse, and issue
  14. Title: English Monarchs/Robert the Bruce
    Author: English Monarchs
    Publication: Name: http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/bruce.htm;
    Note: Richard de Burgh's relationship to Robert the Bruce
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