Tancred King of Sicily

• Preferred Name: Tancred King of Sicily^[1]
  
• Alternate Name: Tancred van Apulie Sicilie
  
• Gender: M
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Prince of Bari
  
• Death: 20 FEB 1194 in Palermo, Sicily, Italy at LATI: N7.8 LONG: E3.58
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of Sicily
  
• FSID: LV4M-LB3
  
• Nickname:
  
• Birth: 1138 in Palermo, Sicilia, Italy at LATI: N7.8 LONG: E3.58
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Comte di Lecce, prétendant-roi de Sicile with note: racineshistoire.free.fr/LGN/PDF/Brienne.pdf
  
• Le+roi+Henri+VI+«Le+Cruel»+lui+fait+crever+les+yeux+en+1196: with note: racineshistoire.free.fr/LGN/PDF/Brienne.pdf
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Tancred of Sicily (d 1194) Bio Sketch
  
  Contributed By John Taylor 85933 · 19 November 2014 · 0 Comments
  
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#Tancreddied1194B, as of 11/18/2014
  TANCRED di Lecce, illegitimate son of ROGER of Sicily Duke of Apulia & his mistress --- di Lecce ([Lecce 1138]-Palermo 20 Feb 1194). Hugo Falcandus records that "Tancred and William, the sons of Duke Roger by a nobly born mother…were kept under arrest within the palace compound" after the conspiracy against Guillaume I King of Sicily in [1156][603]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica name "Tancredus…ducis Roggerii filius…naturalis" but do not name his mother[604]. Hugo Falcandus names "the duke's son Tancred" among those responsible for the capture of Guillaume I King of Sicily in 1161[605]. The "Catalogus Baronum", dated to [1166/68], records "terra comitis Tancredi filii domini ducis Rogerii" holding fees previously held by "comitis Goffridi Montis Caveosi, sicut dixit idem comes Goffridus" in the county of Lecce, with "feudum militum XX et cum augmento milites XL"[606]. William of Tyre (Continuator) names him "cosin germain" of Guillaume II King of Sicily when recording his accession in 1190[607]. He was exiled for involvement in a plot against King Guillaume I in 1161, but pardoned by Queen Margarita. The Chronicle of Romualdo Guarna records that "comes Guilielmus de Principatu et Riccardus de Mandra et Alexander monachus" were released from prison during a rebellion, dated to [1160] from the context, adding that "Guilielmus comes de Principatu et Tancredus comes de Lycia" joined "ad Matthæum Bonellam"[608]. He was invested as Conte di Lecce in 1169. He was appointed "Great Constable and Master Justiciar of the whole of Apulia and Terra di Lavoro" by King Guillaume II. He led the Sicilian fleet which arrived at Alexandria 25 Jul 1174 but sailed away within a week for lack of support from Byzantium or Jerusalem[609]. The Annales Casenses record that in 1176 "comes Roggerius et comes Tancredus" went to Andria[610]. The Annales Ceccanenses record that in 1185 Guillaume King of Sicily appointed "comitem Tancredum" as captain of his fleet[611]. He was unlawfully elected as TANCRED King of Sicily in 1190 by the States General of Sicily, called by Matteo d'Aiello [Vice-chancellor of Sicily], because of unease at the prospect of personal union of the crowns of Sicily and Germany if Tancred's aunt Constance succeeded as queen. He was crowned at Palermo 18 Jan 1190, and was finally recognised as king by the Pope under the Treaty of Gravina in 1192. After his election, King Tancred kept his predecessor's Queen Joan in confinement.[612]. After her release was demanded by her brother Richard I King of England (who was travelling through Italy on his way to join the Third Crusade in Palestine), she was sent to join him at Messina but the English king captured Messina to force Tancred to negotiate terms over the inheritance of King Guillaume. The treaty signed included the betrothal of Tancred's daughter to Richard's nephew Arthur de Bretagne[613]. Heinrich VI King of Germany was marching on Naples and Sicily to enforce his rights, when Tancred died. The Annales Casenses record the death in 1194 of "rex Tancredus" at "Panormum"[614]. The Annales Siculi record the death 20 Feb 1194 of "rex Tancredus"[615]. The monk Conrad´s Brevis Chronica records the death 20 Feb 1194 of "Rex Tancredus"[616].
  
  m SIBILLA, daughter of [RINALDO [I] d’Aquino & his second wife ---] ([before 1165]-after 1195). Sibilla´s family relationship with Riccardo d’Aquino Conte di Acerra is confirmed by Benedict of Peterborough who records "Ricardus comes de Cerne, frater uxoris regis Tancredi"[617]. The Ryccardus de Sancti Germano Chronica name "Ryccardo Acerrarum comitis cuius soror erat sua [=Tancredi] coniux", when recording that Tancred sent money to his brother-in-law in order to secure his position after his accession[618]. While these sources confirm that Sibilla was the sister of Riccardo, no primary source has been found which confirms that they shared both parents. Sibilla is often referred to in secondary sources as “Sibilla di Medania” (for example Europäische Stammtafeln, which names her father “Ruggiero di Medania”[619]). No primary source has yet been identified which names Sibilla as “di Medania”. The earliest identified secondary source reference to “Sibilla di Medania” is Francesco Capecelatro´s 1640 history of Naples[620]. The book includes no primary source citation nor any reference to the origin of the name. The exact wording of Capecelatro´s passage has been copied by numerous subsequent works ever since[621]. The suspicion is that Sibilla was never referred to as “di Medania” during her lifetime and that the reference represents an unreliable reflection of history. The reference to Medania links with “Cecilia di Medania” being the wife of Rinaldo [I] d’Aquino and Sibilla´s mother, but the argument becomes circular if (as suggested in the document CENTRAL ITALY) there is no primary source evidence for the existence of Cecilia di Medania. What is clear is that Sibilla must have been considerably younger than her brother Riccardo: the date of her marriage suggests her birth in [1160/65], by which time Riccardo must already have been adult (he had one grandchild when he died in 1196). The Thomas Tusci Gesta Imperatorum et Pontificum names "Tancredus [rex Siciliæ] uxorem Sybiliam"[622]. After her husband's death, Sibilla acted as regent for her son Guillaume III. Emperor Heinrich VI promised her and her son the county of Lecce and principality of Taranto in return for their surrender. However, an alleged conspiracy was discovered shortly after Heinrich's coronation as king of Sicily 25 Dec 1194. According to William of Tyre (continuator), King Tancred's widow and her three daughters sought refuge first with the Pope and subsequently with the king of France[623]. The Annales Argentinenses record that Emperor Heinrich imprisoned "Sibillam reginam Sicilie, uxorem Tancredi" and her daughters at the monastery of Hohenburg [in Alsace] in 1195[624].
  
  King Tancred & his wife had [six] children:
  1. ROGER ([1180]-24 Dec 1193). He was crowned joint King of Sicily in 1192 by his father. Duke of Apulia 1193. m (Brindisi [Jul/Aug] 1192) as her first husband, EIRENE Angelina, daughter of Emperor ISAAKIOS II & his first wife [Eirene] [Tornikaina] ([1180/84]-Hohenstaufen 27 Aug 1208, bur Kloster Lorsch). Her second marriage is recorded by William of Tyre (Continuator), who names her father without naming her[630]. She adopted the name MARIA on her second marriage. She married secondly (25 May 1197) Philipp von Hohenstaufen Duke of Swabia, who was elected as Philipp King of Germany in 1198.
  2. GUILLAUME ([1186]-in prison Schloß Hohenems 1198). Crowned joint King of Sicily by his father after the death of his older brother. He succeeded his father 1194 as GUILLAUME III King of Sicily. Created Conte di Taranto and confirmed as Conte di Lecce.
  3. [--- of Sicily . Betrothed (11 Nov 1190) to ARTHUR I Duke of Brittany, son of GEOFFREY of England Duke of Brittany & his wife Constance Dss of Brittany (posthumously Nantes 29 Mar 1187-murdered Rouen or Cherbourg 3 Apr 1203, bur Notre Dame des Prés, Rouen or Abbaye de Bec, Normandy).]
  4. SIBILLA [Madania] . m ROBERTO di Montescaglioso, son of ---.
  5. ELVIRA [Albinia] (-after 1216). m firstly (Melun 1200) GAUTHIER [III] de Brienne, son of ERARD de Brienne & his wife Aimée de Montbéliard (-Jun 1205). Principe di Taranto. m secondly (after Jun 1205) GIACOMO Sanseverino Conte di Tricario, son of ---. m thirdly TIGRINO Palatino Conte di Toscana.
  6. CONSTANCE . m (1213) as his second wife, PIETRO Ziani Doge of Venice, son of SEBASTIANO Ziani Doge of Venice & his wife --- (-Santa Giustina 13 Mar 1230, bur Venice San Giorgio Maggiore).
  
  ** from The World of the Middle Ages (John L. LaMonte) p 284--
  The last years of the reign of William the Good were marked by a war which began in 1185 against the Byzantines, In 1185 Tancred of Lecce, an illegitimate grandson of Roger II, led a naval expedition against the Byzantines which captured both Durazzo and Salonica and invaded the empire, advancing towards Constantinople. This invasion was the cause of the fall of Andonicus Comnenus...
  
  At the time of her marriage to Henry VI, Constance had received the allegiances of the Sicilian barons to her as queen should her nephew die without issue. When William died in 1189, she should have succeeded to the throne without opposition but one party of nobles refused to accept her German husband as their king, and elected instead Tancred of Lecce, the illegitimate grandson of the great Roger, who had already distinguished himself in the campaign against Salonica.
  
  Constance and Henry were in Germany; Tancred was proclaimed king and crowned; the papacy, which dreaded the union of the German and Sicilian crowns, approved the election. When Richard of England arrived at Messina on his way to the East in the Third Crusade, he found Tancred king, albeit on a somewhat shaky throne. Richard was much concerned over the repayment of th dower of his sister Joan (the widow of William II) and as Tancred seemed reluctant to pay the money, the Anglo-Norman army attacked and stormed the city of Messina.
  
  After this preliminary encounter, the two kings came to an agreement whereby Tancred paid the equivalent of the dower and Richard recognized him as king. Meanwhile Henry VI, who had become emperor of Germany on the death of his father in 1190, was planning how to regain his southern kingdom. In 1191 he allied with Pisa and Genoa to attack Sicily. Naples fell after a siege and most of the other cities along the coast soon passed into the hands of the Germans. But the southern climate and the outbreak of an epidemic were too much for the north
  
  BIO
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SICILY.htm#Tancreddied1194B as of 2/6/2016
  TANCRED di Lecce, illegitimate son of ROGER of Sicily Duke of Apulia & his mistress --- di Lecce ([Lecce 1138]-Pal

1. Tancred de Hautville Palamara, b. 1194 in Palermo, Sicilia, Italy     d. 1232 in Executed By Friedrich Ii,Holy Roman Emperor,Messina,Sicily

1. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=9289&h=31941643&indiv=try;