Adam de Gordon l

• Preferred Name: Adam de Gordon l^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Sir
  
• Death: 13 NOV 1093 in Battle of Alnwick, Alnwick, Northumberland, England at LATI: N5.4078 LONG: E1.7286 with note: The Battle of Alnwick is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick in Northumberland, England. In the battle, which occurred on 13 November 1093, Malcolm III of Scotland, later known as Malcolm Canmore, was killed together with his son Edward by an army of knights led by Robert de Mowbray.[1] Robert de Mowbray, who defeated Malcolm, subsequently joined a baronial conspiracy against William Rufus in 1095, and, as a result, was dispossessed and imprisoned for life.
  
• FSID: GDYC-PQ6
  
• Birth: 1045 in Normandy, France at LATI: N8.928 LONG: E0.5326
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Adam de Gordon came over from Normandy and assisted Scottish King Malcolm III to overthrow Macbeth in 1057. It was at that time that Adam was given the historical family lands in Berwickshire that they held for the next three centuries. In 1093 Malcolm invaded England and was killed in battle along with Adam
  The Battle of Alnwick is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick, in Northumberland, England. In the battle, which occurred on 13 November 1093, Malcolm III of Scotland, also known as Malcolm Canmore, was killed together with his son Edward, by an army of knights led by Robert de Mowbray.
  
  Contents
  
  1 Background
  2 The battle
  3 The aftermath
  4 References
  
  Background
  
  At the time that William II of England, known as William Rufus, came to power, the control of northern Northumbria was still an open question. William set about rectifying this by appointing strong barons who would control the border and prevent Scottish incursions. It appears that Malcolm Canmore had ambitions regarding both Cumbria and Northumbria, and in May 1091 he invaded Northumbria and besieged Durham. William Rufus was forced to lead a large army north to meet this threat. He advanced into Scotland with Malcolm retreating in front of his army. Eventually a truce was negotiated and William withdrew.
  
  The following year William strengthened his position in Cumbria to prevent the possibility of a Scottish invasion there.
  
  The events leading up to the next invasion are unclear, but in November 1093, Malcolm led an army into Northumbria and began to besiege Alnwick.
  The battle
  'Malcolm's Cross' is said to mark the spot where Malcolm III of Scotland was killed while attacking Alnwick Castle in 1093.
  
  At that time Robert de Mowbray was Earl of Northumbria, having been pardoned following his part in the Rebellion of 1088, against William II. He was also governor of Bamburgh Castle, a stronghold on the Northumbrian coast. Mowbray did not have a sufficient force at his command to oppose the Scottish army in open battle. However he set out to try to relieve Alnwick. He arrived there with his forces on 13 November (known as St Brice’s Day) and catching the Scottish army by surprise, the English knights attacked them before the ramparts of Alnwick.
  
  Both Malcolm Canmore and his son Edward were killed in the fighting. The spring near which they died subsequently became known as “Malcolm’s Spring” or “Malcolm’s Well”. With Malcolm’s death the Scottish army found itself leaderless, and so headed back to Scotland. The body of Malcolm and his son were interred at Tynemouth Priory. There is uncertainty as to whether Malcolm’s body was re-interred in Dunfermline Abbey.
  The aftermath
  
  Malcolm’s death was soon followed by that of his queen, Margaret. The death of Malcolm and his heir meant that there was a dispute over the succession between Malcolm’s surviving sons and his younger brother Donald Bane. Donald became king but a civil war began with Malcolm’s sons trying to displace him. The lack of a strong, undisputed king in Scotland suited William Rufus well.
  
  Robert de Mowbray, who defeated Malcolm, subsequently joined a baronial conspiracy against William Rufus, in 1095, and, as a result, was dispossessed and imprisoned for life.
  
  A rough stone memorial was placed to mark the place of the battle, north of Alnwick. This was replaced in 1774 by a more sophisticated one, Malcolm's Cross, erected by the Duchess of Northumberland.
  References
  This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
  
  John Sadler, Battle for Northumbria, 1988, Bridge Studios, ISBN 0-9512630-3-X
  Norman McCord and Richard Thompson, The Northern Counties from AD 1000', 1998, Addison Wesley Longman Limited, ISBN 0-582-49334-X
  
  HIGHLANDERS, A HISTORY OF THE SCOTTISH CLANS, by Fitzroy MacLean, Penguin Studio Books, New York, N.Y. (1995), p. 256 says this about the origin of the Gordon Clan.
  
  "The name Gordon is derived from the Parish of Gordon in Berwickshire.
  
  The Gordons are of Norman origin and settled in the South of Scotland in the 12th Century. In the early 14th century Sir Adam de Gordon was granted lands in Strathbogie in Aberdeenshire by King Robert the Bruce. In 1449 Alexander Gordon was created Earl of Huntly. George, 4th Earl of Huntly became Chancellor of Scotland in 1547. George (6th Earl of Huntly) who defeated Argyll at the Battle of Glenlivet was created Marquess in 1599. The 2nd Marquess, a loyal supporter of Charles I, was beheaded in 1649. In 1684 George, the 4th Marquess, was created Duke of Gordon by King Charles II. In the Jacobite Risings of 1715 and 1745 the Gordons fought on both sides. The 2nd Duke was out for the Jacobites in 1715. In 1745 the 3rd Duke supported the Hanoverians, though his brother raised a regiment for Prince Charles. The Gordon Highlanders were raised in 1794 with the help of the celebrated 4th Duchess."
  
  Margaret McCleskey Arlington TX
  
  HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF GORDON
  
  "...In the year 1040, Duncan I., King of Scotland was defeated and slain near Elgin by Maclbeatha (Shakespear's Macbeth)...The son of Duncan, Malcolm Canmore fled to England and was received at the court of Edward the Confessor where he lived for some fifteen years.....one of the most powerful lords, Duff, Thane of Fife, went to England and persuaded Malcolm to make an effort to regain the throne. Edward the Confessor granted Malcolm the aid of some ten thousand men under Siefried, Earl of Northumberland, and with these and some French and Norman knights then at the English Court, Malcolm marched into Scotland. Eventually he met Maclbeatha at Lumphanan, some twenty miles west of Aberdeen, when the usurper was defeated and slain in 1057. It was in this manner that the Gordons first came into Scotland, for among the foreign knights who accompanied Malcolm was ADAM DE GORDUN who, for his services in aiding Malcolm to regain the throne, was granted lands near the lower Tweed, and these lands were called Gordon after his name. We hear no more of Adam till 1093 when Malcolm Canmore invaded England and was defeated and killed near Alnwick. Among the slain was Adam who left a son - Adam de Gordun II.
  
  Most of this earliest history of the family has been taken from the book History of the House of Gordon, VXIII Vols. by Edward Gordon of Cairnfield, published in the late 1800's. Its accuracy is not known for certain, but the story is certainly plausible.
  
  Although some say that the family name came from that of the parish in Berwickshire where some early Gordons held land, it is also held that it was the other way around: the parish took its name from the family. The name Gourdon (with various other spellings) was known in France at least as far back as the time of Charlemagne, when there was a John, Duke de Gordoun, who was created High Constable in 790.
  
  According to this history, the first Gordon in the British Isles was Adam de Gordon who came over from Normandy and assisted Scottish King Malcolm Canmore in his overthrow of the usurper Macbeth in 1057. Note that this was actually before the Norman invasion of 1066. It was at this time that Adam was given the historical family lands in Berwickshire that they held for the next three centuries. Later, in 1093, Malcolm invaded England and was defeated and killed near Alnwick; Adam also perished in this battle, but fortunately left at least one son, also named Adam.
  
  The second Adam Gordon (an oft-repeated name for several generations) died in the Battle of the Standard in 1138, leaving behind two sons: Adam and Richard. Richard's children for the next three generations were Thomas, Thomas, and Alicia. A bit more is known about Adam's descendants. He had a son Alexander, who had two sons William and Adam. The sons both attended the 8th Crusade in about 1270, during which William died near Tunis.
  
  Adam died soon after this, but left his own son Adam, who was married to his 3rd cousin Alicia Gordon, mentioned just above. This Adam Gordon also participated in a Crusade, joining Louis IX of France. However, he died some time before reaching Palestine. His son was yet another Adam Gordon, who had been born in about 1255.
  
  === note ===
  The second Adam Gordon (an oft-repeated name for several generations) died in the Battle of the Standard in 1138, leaving behind two sons: Adam and Richard. Richard's children for the next three generations were Thomas, Thomas, and Alicia. A bit more is known about Adam's descendants. He had a son Alexander, who had two sons William and Adam. The sons both attended the 8th Crusade in about 1270, during which William died near Tunis.
  
  Adam died soon after this, but left his own son Adam, who was married to his 3rd cousin Alicia Gordon, mentioned just above. This Adam Gordon also participated in a Crusade, joining Louis IX of France. However, he died some time before reaching Palestine. His son was yet another Adam Gordon, who had been born in about 1255.

• m. 1079 in Berwick, Scotland

1. Adam de Gordon ll 1st Laird Of Gordon, b. ABT 1080 in Gordon Berwickshire, Scotland     d. 22 AUG 1138 in Northallerton, Yorkshire, England

1. Title: wdgordon.com
   Publication: Name: https://history.wdgordon.com/gordon10.htm;
   Note: According to this history, the first Gordon in the British Isles was Adam de Gordon who came over from Normandy and assisted Scottish King Malcolm Canmore in his overthrow of the usurper Macbeth in 1057. Note that this was actually before the Norman invasion of 1066. It was at this time that Adam was given the historical family lands in Berwickshire that they held for the next three centuries. Later, in 1093, Malcolm invaded England and was defeated and killed near Alnwick; Adam also perished in this battle, but fortunately left at least one son, also named Adam. Early Scottish Generations The second Adam Gordon (an oft-repeated name for several generations) died in the Battle of the Standard in 1138, leaving behind two sons: Adam and Richard. Richard's children for the next three generations were Thomas, Thomas, and Alicia. A bit more is known about Adam's descendants. He had a son Alexander, who had two sons William and Adam. The sons both attended the 8th Crusade in about 1270, during which William died near Tunis. Adam died soon after this, but left his own son Adam, who was married to his 3rd cousin Alicia Gordon, mentioned just above. This Adam Gordon also participated in a Crusade, joining Louis IX of France. However, he died some time before reaching Palestine. His son was yet another Adam Gordon, who had been born in about 1255. It was in this Adam's time that the conflicts between Scotland and King Edward I of England, self-proclaimed "Hammer of the Scots," began. The Gordon lands, being in the Berwickshire border area, were plundered during one of Edward's early invasions of Scotland. A family legend has it that Adam fought in single combat with Edward "Longshanks" Plantagenet and that the battle ended in a draw. In any case, the early conflict culminated in the Battle of Dunbar on April 28, 1296, during which Adam was killed. This now brings us to the next Adam Gordon, who was the first of the Gordons to be verifiably recorded in Scottish history.
   
2. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Adam Gordon -
   Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2737222799
   
3. Title: An Independent Gordon Ancestry Chart (author unknown)
   Publication: Name: https://techies1.tripod.com/Gordon.html;
   Page: Included here as a source because it does include this Adam de Gordon and confirms birth and death year.
   
4. Title: Adam de Gordon 1045 - 1093 "WikiTree"
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Gordon-6185;
   
5. Title: Clan Gordon
   Publication: Name: https://houseofgordonusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/gordon-lineage.png;
   Note: -Excerpt- About 1130, according to one William Gordon of Harperfield, Adam ‘Filius Adae de Gordun’ grants lands specially limited, apparently for the site of a church and cemetery for the parish of Gordun, and extensive pasturage to the Abbey of Kelso founded by King David in 1126. In a second charter confirmation to the monks of the Church of St. Mary of Kelso: “the church of St. Michael of Gordun with the whole of its parish namely of Gordun and of Spotheswode (Sottiswode)”, and “so long as the abbot and convent of Kelso are willing, the men of the other Gordon, that is to say of Adam, may take the church sacraments there, and there their bodies shall be buried; and again when they please, they shall return to their mother church of Houm.” (Ibid) Adam died in 1138 at the Battle of the Standard leaving two sons, Richard de Gordun and Adam of Huntly & Faunes (Huntly & Faunes presumably being presently known as Fans just west of West Gordon in Berwickshire.) Richer de Gordun, lord of the barony of Gordon in the Merse between 1150-60 gave yet another charter which granted a piece of land and the church of St Michael to the monks of Kelso, a grant confirmed by his son Thomas de Gordun (Kelso, 118, 126). Adam de Gordun, his brother also known as of Huntly & Faunes, along with Richer (or Richard) witnessed the claim of lands of Swinton by Patrick, first earl of Dunbar (Raine, 117). (Another source sited for the claim of the Gordon’s being a cadet branch of the Swinton family.) Adam’s son, Alexander, earned the gratitude of Alexander I by killing or capturing a group of traitors who had tried to murder the King. For this he received the lands of Stitchel in the Merse. (Edward Gordon, pp. 131132) Thus according to the documents & manuscripts assembled by Edward Gordon of Cairnfield, the descent follows such (Ibid.): (see chart in memories) It was this Adam de Gordon who married an English lady by the name of Marjory and held lands in her right for which he paid homage to England’s King Henry III and then his son Edward I (Longshanks of Braveheart fame). On the death of Alexander of Scotland followed by the death of his granddaughter and heiress Margaret the Maid of Norway, Queen of Scotland, the Scottish throne was left vacant. Edward I as the granduncle (King Alexander’s wife was Edward’s sister) of the young queen had assumed the role of protector of Scotland and upon her death assumed the role of arbiter of the dispute for the throne and backed John Balliol’s claim. Adam also backed John Balliol’s claim and joined in his army when Edward reneged in his support and invaded Scotland
   
6. Title: Wikipedia - Battle of the Standard
   Author: References[edit] Anderson, Alan Orr (ed.), Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286, 2 Vols, (Edinburgh, 1922) Anderson, Alan Orr (ed.), Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers: AD 500–1286, (London, 1908), republished, Marjorie Anderson (ed.) (Stamford, 1991) – see link below, but beware that a continuous narrative is achieved by the editor putting together snippets from the various chronicles; the words are all in the chronicles, but the choice of material and its ordering is down to the modern editor Darlington, Reginald r et al., The Chronicle of John of Worcester: The Annals from 1067 to 1140 with the Gloucester Interpolations and the Continuation to 1141 Oxford University Press, ( Oxford, 1995) ISBN 0-19-820702-6 Freeland, J P (trans & ed) Aelred of Rievaulx: The Historical Works (Kalamazoo,2005) gives a modern (more readable) translation of the Standard narrative (p 245–69); also includes Ailred's Lament for the Death of King David (p 45–70) Greenway, Diana E (trans & ed)
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Standard;
   Note: The following is an excerpt - for complete article, click on link... The Anarchy The Battle of the Standard, sometimes called the Battle of Northallerton, took place on 22 August 1138 on Cowton Moor near Northallerton in Yorkshire. English forces under William of Aumale repelled a Scottish army led by King David I of Scotland. King Stephen of England, fighting rebel barons in the south, had sent a small force (largely mercenaries), but the English army was mainly local militia and baronial retinues from Yorkshire and the north Midlands. Archbishop Thurstan of York had exerted himself greatly to raise the army, preaching that to withstand the Scots was to do God's work. The centre of the English position was therefore marked by a mast (mounted upon a cart) bearing a pyx carrying the consecrated host and from which were flown the consecrated banners of the minsters of Durham, York, Beverley and Ripon: hence the name of the battle. This cart-mounted standard was a very northerly example of a type of standard common in contemporary Italy, where it was known as a carroccio.[1] King David had entered England for two declared reasons:[2] To support his niece Matilda's claim to the English throne against that of King Stephen (married to another niece)[3] To enlarge his kingdom beyond his previous gains.[4] David's forces had already taken much of Northumberland apart from castles at Wark[5] and Bamburgh. Advancing beyond the Tees towards York, early on 22 August the Scots found the English army drawn up on open fields 2 miles (3 km) north of Northallerton; they formed up in four 'lines' to attack it. The first attack, by unarmoured spearmen against armoured men (including dismounted knights) supported by telling fire from archers failed. Within three hours, the Scots army disintegrated, apart from small bodies of knights and men-at-arms around David and his son Henry. At this point, Henry led a spirited attack with mounted knights; he and David then withdrew separately with their immediate companions in relatively good order. Heavy Scots losses are claimed, in battle and in flight. The Yorkshiremen did not pursue far; David fell back to Carlisle and reassembled an army. Within a month, a truce was negotiated which left the Scots free to continue the siege of Wark castle, which eventually fell. Despite losing the battle, David was subsequently given most of the territorial concessions he had been seeking (which the chronicles say he had been offered before he crossed the Tees). David held these throughout the Anarchy, but on the death of David, his successor Malcolm IV of Scotland was soon forced to surrender David's gains to Henry II of England. Some chronicle accounts of the battle include an invented pre-battle speech on the glorious deeds of the Normans, occasionally quoted as good contemporary evidence of the high opinion the Normans held of themselves. Background David had gained the Scottish throne largely because of the support of his brother-in-law Henry I of England, and he had attempted to remodel Scotland to be more like Henry's England. He had carried out peaceful changes in the areas of Scotland over which he had effective control and had conducted military campaigns against semi-autonomous regional rulers to reassert his authority; in administration, in warfare, and in the settling of regained territory, he had drawn on the talent and resources of the Anglo-Norman lands. The death of Henry I in 1135, weakening England, made David more reliant on his native subjects, and allowed him to contemplate winning control over substantial areas of northern England. Henry I had wished his inheritance to pass to his daughter Matilda, and in 1127 made his notables swear an oath to uphold the succession of Matilda (David was the first layman to do so). Many of the English and Norman magnates and barons were against Matilda because she was married to Geoffrey V, count of Anjou. On Henry's death, Stephen, younger brother of Theobald, count of Blois, seized the throne instead.[6] When Stephen was crowned on 22 December, David went to war.[7] After two months of campaigning in northern England, a peace treaty ceding Cumberland[8] to David was agreed.[9] Additionally, David's son Henry was made Earl of Huntingdon, David declining to swear the required oath of loyalty to Stephen, since he had already sworn allegiance to Matilda.[9] In spring 1137, David again invaded England: a truce was quickly agreed. In November, the truce expired; David demanded to be made earl of the whole of the old earldom of Northumberland. Stephen refused and in January 1138 David invaded for a third time.[10]...... ....Aftermath Carlisle Castle was rebuilt by King David, and became one of his chief residences. End of the campaign David regrouped his forces at Carlisle; the nobles of Yorkshire did not move North against him, and their local levies dispersed to their homes rejoicing at the victory. Thus, although militarily the battle was a "shattering defeat",[48] it did not reverse David's previous gains. David had the only army still under arms and was left to consolidate his hold on Cumberland and Northumberland. On 26 September Cardinal Alberic, bishop of Ostia, arrived at Carlisle where David had called together his kingdom's nobles, abbots and bishops. Alberic was there as a papal legate to resolve a long-running dispute as to whether the bishop of Glasgow was subordinate to the archbishop of York. However, Alberic also addressed more temporal matters: he persuaded David to refrain from further offensive action until Martinmas (11 November) whilst continuing to blockade Wark to starve it into submission, and the 'Picts' to (also by Martinmas) return their captives to Carlisle and free them there.[49] At Martinmas, the garrison of Wark surrendered on the orders of the castle's owner (Walter Espec), conveyed by the abbot of Rievaulx. The garrison had eaten all but two of their horses; King David rehorsed them and allowed them to depart with their arms.[50] Another peace agreement Negotiations between David and Stephen continued over the winter months, and on 9 April David's son Henry and Stephen's wife Matilda of Boulogne met each other at Durham and agreed a settlement. Henry was given the earldom of Northumberland and was restored to the earldom of Huntingdon and lordship of Doncaster; David himself was allowed to keep Carlisle and Cumberland. However, King Stephen was to retain possession of the strategically vital castles of Bamburgh and Newcastle, and Prince Henry was to perform homage for his English lands, while David himself was to promise to "remain loyal" to Stephen at all times. Stephen released those who held fiefs in the lands Henry now held to do homage to Henry, saving only their fealty to Stephen.[51] Northern England under Scottish rule This arrangement lasted for nearly 20 years, and would appear to have been beneficial to both sides. David was able to benefit from the resources of Northern England (for example, the lead mines of the northern Pennines gave him silver from which he was able to strike his own coinage). Northern England did not become involved in the civil war between supporters of Stephen and those of Matilda, although magnates with holdings further south were drawn in. This included David, who despite his promise to Stephen was a loyal supporter of Matilda, but he did not go South with a Scottish army. The new southern border of David's realm appeared to be permanently secured in 1149, when Matilda's son Henry was knighted by David at Carlisle he having first given an oath that, if he became king of England, he would give to [David] Newcastle and all Northumbria, and would permit him and his heirs to possess in peace without counter-claim for ever the whole land which lies from the river Tweed to the river Tyne.[52] Status quo restored However, Prince Henry died in 1152, King David in 1153, and King Stephen in 1154. This brought to the throne of Scotland a 14-year-old Malcolm IV of Scotland now facing a young Henry II of England who had at his command the resources not only of an England free from civil war, but also of much of Western France. In 1157, Malcolm travelled to Chester to do homage to Henry who declared that "the king of England ought not to be defrauded of so great a part of his kingdom, nor could he patiently be deprived of it ..." And [Malcolm] prudently considering that in this matter the king of England was superior to the merits of the case by the authority of might ..restored to him the .. territories in their entirety, and received from him in return the earldom of Huntingdon, which belonged to him by ancient right. Things being so arranged, England enjoyed for a time her ease and security in all her borders. And the king ruled more widely than all who were known to have ruled in England till that time, that is from the furthest bounds of Scotland as far as to the Pyrenees.[53]
   
7. Title: Find a grave.com
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/54760831/adam-de_gourdon;