David de Bruce

• Preferred Name: David de Bruce^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]}
  
• Alternate Name: David Bruce
  
• Gender: M
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of ScotlandBET 7 JUN 1329 AND 21 FEB 1371 in Scotland
  
• Death: 22 FEB 1371 in Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland at LATI: N5.95 LONG: E3.2 with note: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland
  
• FSID: 9W7C-NP3
  
• Coronation: 24 NOV 1331 in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland at LATI: N6.418 LONG: E3.404 with note: Description: David and his wife Joan were crowned at Scone on 24 November 1331
  
• Married+mistress+Margaret+Drummond: 20 FEB 1364 in Inchmurdach, Fife, Scotland at LATI: N6.25 LONG: E3.1667 with note: Description: In February 1364 David married Margaret Drummond, widow of Sir John Logie, who had been his mistress since 1361 or before. "Margaret then married David II of Scotland at Inchmurdach in Fife, on 20 February 1364." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Drummond,_Queen_of_Scotland
  
• Denied+divorce+by+Pope+Urban+V: 1369 in Scotland with note: Description: David attempted to divorce Margaret on grounds of infertility in 1369, however, Pope Urban V reversed the divorce. Margaret had a child from her 1st marriage, proving it was not she that was infertile. David on the other hand had produced no children, throughout 2 marriages or to his mistresses.
  
• Mistress+Agnes+Dunbar: BET 1369 AND FEB 1371 with note: Description: In 1369 David took Agnes Dunbar as his mistress, intending to marry her. Because the Pope refused him divorce to Margaret, David and Agnes never married. They also produced no children.
  
• Succeeded+by+his+nephew+Robert+II+of+Scotland: with note: Description: David II died without heirs and was succeeded by his nephew, Robert Stewart, son of David's 1/2 sister Marjorie Bruce Stewart, who became Robert II of Scotland on 22 February 1371. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
  
• Married+aged+4: 17 JUL 1328 in Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England at LATI: N5.7703 LONG: E2.0048 with note: Description: On 17 July 1328, in accordance with the Treaty of Northampton, David age 4 was married to 7 year old Joan of the Tower, at Berwick-upon-Tweed. She was the daughter of Edward II of England and Isabella of France. They had no children.
  
• King+aged+5: 7 JUN 1329 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland at LATI: N6.0833 LONG: E3.4667 with note: Description: Upon the death of his father King Robert I, 5 year old David, now an orphan, became King of Scotland. He would reign for nearly 42 years. During his minority the throne held by various Guardians of Scotland beginning with Sir Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray.
  
• Mother+died+when+he+was+3: 1327 with note: Description: David's mother, Elizabeth de Burgh, died in 1327, when he was 3 years old.
  
• Mistress+Katherine+Mortimer: ABT 1350 in Tower of London, London, England at LATI: N1.51 LONG: E0.12 with note: Description: Sometime during his captivity in England, likely about 1350, David began a relationship with Katherine Mortimer "who he loved above all others'. When he returned to Scotland he brought her with him. https://tothinkagainblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/09/the-mystery-of-the-murdered-mistress-katherine-mortimer-d-1360/
  
• Captured+by+the+English: 17 OCT 1346 in Neville's Cross, Durham, England at LATI: N4.7833 LONG: E1.5667 with note: Description: In 1346 the French were at war with England, under the terms of the Auld Alliance, David invaded England in the interests of those who had sheltered him for so many years. David was wounded at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346, captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London. David remained an English captive for 11 years.
  
• Burial: 1371 in Edinburgh, City of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom at LATI: N5.95 LONG: E3.2
  
• Returned+to+Scotland: 2 JUN 1341 with note: Description: King David returned to Scotland on 2 June 1341, landing at Inverbervie in Kincardineshire Now 17 years old, he had reached his majority and took control of the government for himself.
  
• Sent+in+to+exile+to+France: JUL 1333 with note: Description: 9 year old King David II and his wife were sent to France for safety following the Battle of Halidon Hill in July 1333, they reached Boulogne in May 1334. King Philip VI received them graciously and gave them Château Gaillard for a residence. They lived in exile in France for almost 8 years
  
• Birth: 5 MAR 1324 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland at LATI: N6.0833 LONG: E3.4667
  
• Queen+Joan+died+after+34+years+of+marriage: 7 SEP 1362 in Hertford Castle, Hertfordshire, England at LATI: N1.8316 LONG: E0.1115 with note: Description: After many years of estrangement, David's wife Joan died in England. They had been married for 34 years but had no children.
  
• Mistress+murdered: JUN 1360 with note: Description: It was said of Katherine Mortimer “the king loved her more than all other women, and on her account the queen was entirely neglected while he embraced his mistress” To the kings great distress Katherine was murdered in June 1360. https://tothinkagainblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/09/the-mystery-of-the-murdered-mistress-katherine-mortimer-d-1360/ History of Scotlandm Volume II https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrQuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA130#v=onepage&q&f=false
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Name: King David II of Scotland
  Father: Robert I, The Bruce
  Mother: Elizabeth de Burgh
  House of: Bruce
  Born: March 5, 1324 at Dunfermline, Fife
  Ascended to the throne: June 7, 1329 aged 5 years
  Crowned: November 24, 1331 at Scone Abbey, Perthshire
  Married:(1) Joan of England, July 17, 1328
  Married:(2) Margaret Drummond, February 20, 1364
  Children: none
  Died: February 22, 1371, at Edinburgh Castle, aged 46 years, 11 months, and 18 days
  Buried at: Holyrood Abbey
  Succeeded by: his nephew Robert II
  ------------
  Timeline for King David II of Scotland
  Year Event
  1329 David II succeeds to the Scottish throne on the death of his father, Robert Bruce
  1331 David II (aged 7) crowned at Scone
  1332 Edward Balliol, son of John Balliol, invades Scotland and deposes David II. Edward Balliol is crowned King of Scotland by the English
  1333 David is restored to the throne.
  1333 Balliol flees to England but returns when Edward III of England invades Scotland and defeats the Scots at Halidon Hill. King David II goes into exile in France.
  1341 Edinburgh Castle captured from the English. David returns from exile.
  1346 David II invades England but is defeated at Neville’s Cross and captured. He is taken to the Tower of London, where he is imprisoned for the next 11 years
  1350 Scotland suffers from the Black Death. Up to a quarter of the population die.
  1356 Edward III devastates the Lothian region in a campaign known as 'The Burnt Candlemas'
  1357 David II is released from captivity and returns home to Scotland.
  1371 Death of David II. He is succeeded by his nephew, Robert Stewart, the first Stewart King of Scotland. Robert, the hereditary High Steward of Scotland and grandson of Robert Bruce, is crowned
  -----------
  David was married at the age of 4 to Joan the 7 year old daughter of Edward II. He succeeded to the throne the following year on the death of his father Robert I and was crowned at Scone in 1331.
  
  The regency was in the hands of Thomas Randolph of Moray until he and David were overthrown in 1332 by Edward Balliol (son of John Balliol) at the Battle of Dupplin Moor near Perth. David was restored to the throne the following year but again overthrown when Balliol returned with Edward III and defeated the Scots at Halidon hill. David and Joan fled to France where they were guests of King Phillip VI.
  
  In 1341 the Scottish nobles under Robert Stewart gained the upper hand and David and Joan were able to return to Scotland and were restored to the throne. Five years later in 1346 David attacked England in support of France while Edward III was away fighting in France. The Scots were defeated at Nevillie’s Cross near Durham where David was injured and taken prisoner. He was held captive in England for 11 years until 1357 when under the Treaty of Berwick he was allowed to return to Scotland for a ransom of 100,000 merks ‘A King’s Ransom’. The full amount was never paid.
  
  Queen Joan died in 1362, and David married Margaret Drummond but there were no children from either marriage. David was succeeded by his nephew Robert II.
  _______________________________________________________________
  Scottish monarch. Son of Robert the Bruce and Elizabeth deBurgh, he was crowned at Scone on November 24, 1331. He married Joan Plantagenet on July 17, 1328. In 1333, Scottish forces were defeated by England's Edward III and Edward Balliol, and the king and his queen fled to safety in France, where they remained for 7 years. David's forces gained the upper hand in 1341, enabling his return to Scotland, where he took up the reigns of government. In 1346, in accordance with the "auld alliance", he invaded England in the interest of France. The king was taken prisoner at the Battle of Neville's Cross in October, and he remained in England for 11 years. His imprisonment was not an arduous one, and he was visited often by his queen. Negotiations for this release began immediately, and finally, in October of 1357, a treaty was signed at Berwick, by which Scotland agreed to pay 100,000 merks as ransom for their king. The country's poverty made it impossible to pay the full ransom, so David tried to rid himself of the liability by offering to make Edward III or one of his sons his successor. The Scottish parliament immediately rejected the proposal. After Queen Joan's death in 1362, the king married Margaret Drummond on February 20, 1364. Neither marriage was very loving, and neither produced any children. The king died at Edinburgh Castle at the age of 47. He was a weak, incapable ruler with hardly any of his father's patriotism. He was succeeded by his nephew Robert.
  
  Bio by: Kristen Conrad
  
  David II of Scotland (Wikipedia)
  David II - King of Scotland
  Reign: 7 June 1329 – 22 February 1371
  Coronation: 24 November 1331
  Predecessor: Robert I
  Successor: Robert II
  Born: 5 March 1324, Dunfermline Abbey, Fife
  Died: 22 Feb
  
  David II de Brus, King of Scotland - Notes on Document Sources
  Royal Ancestry by Douglas Richardson, Vol. 1 pg 78-79, 607
  Knt., King of Scots. He was created Earl of Carrick just previous to his marriage on 17 Jul 1328, when he was in his 5th year. He became Kin
  
  === Known relationships of David II ===
  Joan of the Tower, Princess of England, Queen Consort of Scotland
  - married 1328 -1362, married as children on 17 July 1328
  - estranged from 1357 until her death on 7 September 1362
  - married 34 years, no children despite conjugal visits while incarcerated
  ------------
  Katherne de Mortmer
  - mistress beginning ? died in 1361
  - no children
  ------------
  Margaret Drummond, daughter of Malcolm Drummond and widow of John Logie
  - mistress 1357 to 1364
  - wife 1364 -1371 married February 20 1364
  David attempted to divorce her on 20 March 1369 on grounds of infertility, however the Pope reversed the divorce, at the time of his death David was still married to Margaret.
  - Margaret had a son from her 1st marriage, is not likely she was infertile, the Pope agreed
  - no children from her 12 year relationship with David
  ------------
  Agnes Dunbar, daughter of Sir Patrick Dunbar and Isabella Randolph and widow of Robert ?
  - mistress of David II 1369 - 1371
  - Is believed he was planning to marry her at the time of his death in 1371
  - Agnes is believed to have had children from her first marriage
  - married Sir James Douglas of Dalkeith on 21 November 1372 and had at least one son, therefore, was definitely not infertile
  - no children from her 2 year relationship with David
  
  === No children. Was David infertile? ===
  King David II of Scotland, aka David Bruce is not known to have had any children. He died childless and was succeeded by his nephew, Robert II, the son of David's half-sister Marjorie Bruce. David's marriage of 34 years to Joan of England produced no children. He married his longtime mistress, Margaret Drummond, but then later attempted to divorce her on grounds that she was infertile. None of his marriages or extra-marital relationships produced children, even though some of the women had children both before and after their relationship with David. It is likely that David himself was the one that was infertile (perhaps from his injuries at the Battle of Neville's Cross ?). The Pope believed so when he reversed the divorce of Margaret Drummond.
  
  === Reference 2 ===
  David II King of Scotland (1329-71) David almost lost all that his father had gained. David was only five years old when Robert the Bruce died. He was the son of Robert and his second wife, Elizabeth. He was married at the age of four to Edward II's daughter, Joan, and became Scotland's first anointed king a year later. Robert the Bruce had received oil blessed by the Pope and permission for it to be used to anoint his son at his coronation. It was the first time that a king had been anointed during the crowning ceremony. The oil was sprinkled on ten parts of the king's body, his head, breast, shoulders, armpits, elbows and the palms of his hands. He was thus considered "The Lord's anointed." Edward III realized the vulnerability of the Scottish throne. The men who had been close to Bruce were gone, Douglas killed in Spain and Randolph, the Earl of Moray, had died. Edward turned a blind eye when Edward Balliol, the son of Toom Tabard, defeated David's army and proclaimed himself king. The Scots had apparently forgotten the ways of warfare under Bruce and lost the battle with Balliol's army. Scotland now had two kings. Balliol was quickly ejected from Scotland but returned a year later while David was sent to France for safekeeping. Scotland was shared between Edward III and Edward Balliol but David's cause was kept alive by John Randolph, Robert Steward and Sir Andrew Moray. During this time Edward III was pursuing his claim to the French throne and so began the Hundred Years' War between France and England. Five years after returning to Scotland, David invaded England for the French (rather foolishly) and not being the warrior that his father was, he was captured. Scotland was impoverished by war and needed peace and good government but David provided neither. In captivity he became friendly with Edward III, who, after all, was his brother-in-law. In the meantime, Edward Balliol returned to Scotland. Edward Balliol apparently realized his position was fut ile and retired on a pension from Edward III who took Scotland under his direct control. After nine years of captivity, David paid a ransom of 100,000 merks per year and was returned to Scotland. Robert Stewart, the Bruce's grandson, had been guardian of Scotland during David's time in France and England. David antagonized parliament because he wanted a union between Scotland and England so that he wouldn't have to pay his yearly ransom. He had no children and his proposal was that when he died the crown would go to Edward or one of his sons. He felt the Scots would accept this to avoid the payment of the ransom. However, they did not agree. After Queen Joan died, David married his mistress, Margaret Drummond, the widow of Sir John Logie, but she failed to produce an heir and he unsuccessfully tried to divorce her. The Scottish nobles regarded her as unworthy to be Queen. As an aside, it was during David's reign that the Black Death swept across Europe. Scotland was the last country to suffer. Scotland did prosper under David at the end of his reign but taxes were increased to pay the ransom which had been changed from a ten year payment to a 25 year payment and increased. The increases in taxes did not necessarily reflect such an increase in productivity. David died at the age of 46 without a direct heir but Scotland was still independent.
  
  === Reference 1 ===
  David became King of Scots upon the death of his father on 7 June 1329, aged 5 years, 3 months, and 3 days. David and his Queen were crowned at Scone on 24 November 1331.
  During David's minority, Sir Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray was appointed Guardian of Scotland by the Act of Settlement of 1318. After Moray's death, on 20 July 1332, he was replaced by Donald, Earl of Mar, elected by an assembly of the magnates of Scotland at Perth, 2 August 1332. Only ten days later Mar fell at the Battle of Dupplin Moor. Sir Andrew Murray of Bothwell, who was married to Christian (or Christina), the sister of King Robert I, was chosen as the new Guardian. He was taken prisoner by the English at Roxburgh in April 1333 and was thence replaced as Guardian by Archibald Douglas (the Tyneman) who fell at Halidon Hill that July.
  Meanwhile, on 24 September 1332, following the Scots' defeat at Dupplin, Edward Balliol a protégé of Edward III of England, and a pretender to the throne of Scotland, was crowned by the English and his Scots adherents. By December, however, Balliol was forced to flee to England but returned the following year as part of an invasion force led by the English king
  Following the victory of this force at the Battle of Halidon Hill in July 1333, David and his Queen were sent for safety into France, reaching Boulogne on 14 May 1334, and being received very graciously by King Philip VI of France. Little is known about the life of the Scottish king in France, except that Château Gaillard was given to him for a residence, and that he was present at the bloodless meeting of the English and French armies in October 1339 at Vironfosse, now known as Buironfosse, in the Arrondissement of Vervins.
  Meanwhile David's representatives had once again obtained the upper hand in Scotland, and the king was able to return to his kingdom, landing at Inverbervie in Kincardineshire on 2 June 1341, when he took the reins of government into his own hands.
  In 1346 under the terms of the Auld Alliance, he invaded England in the interests of the French, who were at war with the English in Normandy. After initial success at Hexham, David was wounded, and his army soundly defeated at the Battle of Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346. David was captured and taken prisoner by Sir John Copeland, who after transporting him to Calais, delivered him to King Edward III and imprisoned him in the Tower of London. (which earned Sir John the title of Baron, Warden of Benwick, Sheriff of Northumberland and Keeper of Boxboro Castle.) He was then transferred to Windsor Castle in Berkshire upon Edward III's return from France. Later, he and his household were moved to Odiham Castle in Hampshire. His imprisonment was not reputed a rigorous one, although he remained in England for eleven years.
  On 3 October 1357, after several protracted negotiations with the Scots' regency council, a treaty was signed at Berwick-upon-Tweed under which Scotland's nobility agreed to pay 100,000 marks (to be paid at the rate of 10,000 marks per year) as a ransom for their king. This was ratified by the Scottish Parliament at Scone on 6 November 1357.
  David returned at once to Scotland; but, after a few years, owing to the poverty of the kingdom it was found impossible to raise the ransom instalment of 1363. David then made for London and sought to get rid of the liability by offering to bequeath Scotland to Edward III or one of his sons in return for a cancellation of the ransom. David did this with the full awareness that the Scots would never accept such an arrangement. In 1364 the Scottish parliament indignantly rejected a proposal to make Lionel, Duke of Clarence, the next king; but over the next few years David strung out secret negotiations with Edward III, which apparently appeased the matter.
  He remarried about 20 February 1364, Margaret Drummond, widow of Sir John Logie, and daughter of Sir Malcolm Drummond. He divorced her about 20 March 1370. They had no issue. Margaret, however, travelled to Avignon and made a successful appeal to the Pope to reverse the sentence of divorce which had been pronounced against her in Scotland. She was still alive in January 1375.
  From 1364 David governed with vigour, dealing firmly with recalcitrant nobles and wider baronial revolt, and continued to pursue the goal of final peace with England. By the time of his death, the Scottish Monarchy was stronger, and the kingdom and royal finances more prosperous than might have seemed possible.
  David II died unexpectedly and at the height of his power in Edinburgh Castle on 22 February 1371. He was buried in Holyrood Abbey. At the time of his death, he was planning to marry his mistress, Agnes Dunbar (niece of Agnes Randolph, also known as "Black Agnes of Dunbar"). He left no children and was succeeded by his nephew, Robert II. He was the last male of the House of Bruce
  
  === DAVID, SON OF ROBERT THE BRUCE, FOUNDATION FOR MEDIEVAL GENEALOGY ===
  https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#_Toc389122946
  
  4. DAVID Bruce (Dunfermline Palace, Fife 5 Mar 1324-Edinburgh Castle 22 Feb 1371, bur Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh). John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) names "David" as only son of "Robertus, adhuc comes" and his wife "Elizabeth filiam Haymeri de Burkis comitis de Hullister"[1100]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun (Continuator - Annals) records in a later passage his birth 5 Mar 1324 in "the monastery of Dunfermline"[1101]. He was created Earl of Carrick [17 Mar/17 Jul] 1328. He succeeded his father in 1329 as DAVID II King of Scotland, crowned 24 Nov 1331 at Scone Abbey, Perthshire. John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) records the coronation "VIII Kal Dec…apud Sconam" in 1331 of "David rex Scotorum, filius et heres regis Roberti de Bruce" when eight years old[1102]. He was deposed by Edward Balliol Aug 1332 after the battle of Dupplin Moor, near Perth, but restored Dec 1332. Deposed again 1333, finally restored 1336. Taken prisoner at the battle of Neville's Cross 17 Oct 1346, and imprisoned in the Tower. The Chronicle of John of Fordun (Continuator - Annals) records the death in 1370 "on the Feast of St Peter’s Chair…at Edinburgh Castle" of "David Bruce king of Scotland" and his burial "in the monastery of Holyrood"[1103]. m firstly (Berwick-upon-Tweed 17 Jul 1328) JOAN of England, daughter of EDWARD II King of England & his wife Isabelle de France (Tower of London 5 Jul 1321-Hertford Castle 7 Sep 1362, bur Greyfriars Church, Newgate, London). John of Fordun’s Scotichronicon (Continuator) records the marriage at Berwick 17 Jul 1328 of "David filius et heres regis Roberti de Bruce" and "sororem Eadwardi de Windesour, filiam Eadwardi de Carnarvan paulo ante defuncti"[1104]. Froissart names "Ysabel" as older daughter of King Edward II and his wife, adding that she married "au jone roy David d’Escoce, filz au roi Robert de Brus" and recording their marriage at Berwick in a later passage[1105]. She was crowned Queen Consort with her husband at Scone Abbey. Mistress (1): KATHERINE de Mortimer, daughter of --- (-1361). The Liber Pluscardensis records the death in 1361 of "concubinæ regis Katerinæ de Mortimar", adding that the king had neglected the queen for her[1106]. m secondly (Inchmurdach Manor, Fife or Inchmahone Priory, Perthshire Apr or Dec 1363, divorced 20 Mar 1370) as her second husband, MARGARET Drummond, widow of JOHN Logie of that Ilk, daughter of MALCOLM Drummond & his wife --- de Graham (-[Avignon] soon after 31 Jan 1375). The Chronicle of John of Fordun (Continuator - Annals) records the second marriage of "lord David king of Scotland" and "Margaret of Logie" at "Inchmurdach" in 1363[1107]. The Liber Pluscardensis records the marriage "apud Enchemarthow", dated to [1362/63] from the context, of King David and "Margaretam de Logi, filiam domini Malcolmi de Drummond" and their divorce without her consent "circa festum Carnis Brevii" in 1369[1108].

• m. 20 FEB 1364 in Inchmurdach, Fife, Scotland

1. Title: Marriage
   Publication: Name: https://scotsoflou.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Clan-STUART-OF-BUTE.pdf;
   
2. Title: Medieval Knight by Stephen Turnbull
   
3. Title: Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/1981/records/11779;
   
4. Title: David II of Scotland Wikipedia Profile
   Publication: Name: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland;
   Note: King of Scots Reign 7 June 1329 – 22 February 1371 Coronation 24 November 1331 Predecessor Robert I Successor Robert II Born 5 March 1324 Dunfermline Abbey, Fife Died 22 February 1371 (aged 46) Edinburgh Castle Burial Holyrood Abbey Spouse Joan of England Margaret Drummond House Bruce Father Robert I of Scotland Mother Elizabeth de Burgh
   
5. Title: History of Scotland Volume II by Patrick Fraser Tytler (1828)
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrQuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA130#v=onepage&q&f=false;
   Note: King David II of Scotland including affair with Katherine Mortimer, his return with her to Scotland and her murder in 1360
   
6. Title: David King of Scots, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1XRW : 26 July 2019), David King of Scots, 1371; Burial, Edinburgh, , City of Edinburgh, Scotland, Abbey of Holyrood; citing record ID 9297209, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1XRW;
   
7. Title: Legacy NFS Source: David II de Brus King of Scotland - Event: 1329 / 1371; Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
   Author: "Heraldry Coat of Arms", Elliott, J. M., 12 Feb 2001, Kirk Larson, 23512 Belmar Dr.~Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 U.S.A.~Kirk Larson~23512 Belmar Dr.~~Laguna Niguel~~CA~~92677~~U.S.A., (253) 390-9307 (fax)
   Note: Event: 1329 / 1371; Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland Copyright © 1997-98-99 J.M. Elliott & On-Line-Publishing. All rightsreserved. "Armigerous" (ahr-MIJ-ehr-us) adjective Bearing or entitled to bear heraldicarms. The reason the notion of a family crest was brought into the languagewasthat those who were armigerous (entitled to bear arms) used to put theircrest or achieveme
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3248100244
   
8. Title: David II of Scotland
   Author: Wikipedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_II_of_Scotland;
   
9. Title: Wikipedia - List of Scottish monarchs
   Author: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs#House_of_Stewart/Stuart_(1371%E2%80%931651)
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs;
   Note: House of Stewart/Stuart (1371–1651) See also: House of Stuart Robert the Stewart was a grandson of Robert I by the latter's daughter, Marjorie. Having been born in 1316, he was older than his uncle, David II. Consequently, he was at his accession a middle-aged man, already 55, and unable to reign vigorously, a problem also faced by his son Robert III, who also ascended in middle age at 53 in 1390, and suffered lasting damage in a horse-riding accident. These two were followed by a series of regencies, caused by the youth of the succeeding five boy kings. Consequently, the Stewart era saw periods of royal inertia, during which the nobles usurped power from the crown, followed by periods of personal rule by the monarch, during which he or she would attempt to address the issues created by their minority and the long-term effects of previous reigns. Governing Scotland became increasingly difficult, as the powerful nobility became increasingly intractable. James I's attempts to curb the disorder of the realm ended in his assassination. James III was killed in a civil war between himself and the nobility, led by his son. When James IV, who had governed sternly and suppressed the aristocrats, died in the Battle of Flodden, his wife Margaret Tudor, who had been nominated regent for their young son James V, was unseated by noble feuding, and James V's wife, Mary of Guise, succeeded in ruling Scotland during the regency for her young daughter Mary I only by dividing and conquering the noble factions, distributing French bribes with a liberal hand. Finally, Mary I, the daughter of James V, found herself unable to govern Scotland faced with the surliness of the aristocracy and the intransigence of the population, who favored Calvinism and disapproved of her Catholicism. She was forced to abdicate, and fled to England, where she was imprisoned in various castles and manor houses for eighteen years and finally executed for treason against the English queen Elizabeth I. Upon her abdication, her son, fathered by Henry, Lord Darnley, a junior member of the Stewart family, became King as James VI. James VI became King of England and Ireland as James I in 1603 when his cousin Elizabeth I died. Thereafter, although the two crowns of England and Scotland remained separate, the monarchy was based chiefly in England. Charles I, James's son, found himself faced with the Civil War. The resultant conflict lasted eight years and ended in his execution. The English Parliament then decreed their monarchy to be at an end. The Scots Parliament, after some deliberation, broke their links with England and declared that Charles II, son, and heir of Charles I, would become King. He ruled until 1651 when the armies of Oliver Cromwell occupied Scotland and drove him into exile.
   Page: Created by http://RecordSeek.com
   
10. Title: David II King of Scots (1324
    Author: "David II King of Scots (1324." 1371) https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9297209. Accessed 20 May. 2020.
    Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/9297209;
    Note: Source created by RecordSeek.com
    Page: Attached by RecordSeek
    
11. Title: David Bruce, "Find A Grave Index"
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK1V-YWPJ;
    
12. Title: David II, King of Scotland, Alternative title: David Bruce
    Publication: Name: https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-II;
    
13. Title: Legacy NFS Source: David II de Brus King of Scotland - Event: 1329 / 1371; Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
    Author: "Héraldique européenne", Arnaud Bunel , Coats of Arms for European Royalty and Nobility(http://www.heraldique-europeenne.org, Arnaud Bunel, 1998) , Internet, Arnaud Bunel, France~Arnaud Bunel~France
    Note: Event: 1329 / 1371; Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland "Armigerous" (ahr-MIJ-ehr-us) adjective Bearing or entitled to bear heraldicarms. The reason the notion of a family crest was brought into the languagewasthat those who were armigerous (entitled to bear arms) used to put theircrest or achieveme
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3248100118
    
14. Title: James Anderson, D.D., Royal Genealogies (Volume II), Table 504, Page 759 (bottom right)
    
15. Title: The Mystery of the Murdered Mistress: Katherine
    Publication: Name: https://tothinkagainblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/09/the-mystery-of-the-murdered-mistress-katherine-mortimer-d-1360/;
    Note: King David II had some rather awkward relationships in his time. His first wife, Joan of the Tower, sister of Edward III of England, was married to him when they were infants, but, although they grew up in France together, they did not get along. After David’s capture by the English at the Battle of Neville’s Cross in 1346, events conspired to ensure that Joan spent much of the rest of her life in England, even after David’s release, until her death in 1362 . In later years David would fall out with his second wife, Margaret Drummond, who had been his mistress for a while before Joan’s death, and whom he had married soon afterward. This largely seems to have been as a result of the childless David’s anxiety to father an heir but, although Margaret had already borne children from her first marriage, no such heir was forthcoming and, in 1369, David divorced her on grounds of infertility (though it seems much more likely to have been some misfortune on his part rather than any of his wives or mistresses). He then prepared to marry his new mistress, Agnes Dunbar, a niece (and probably ward) of the famous ‘Black’ Agnes Randolph. Margaret Drummond wasn’t having any of this, however, and went to the pope at Avignon, to appeal against the divorce sentence. Though she won the appeal, both Margaret and Agnes were to be disappointed for David II died in 1371, before he could either marry Agnes or witness the return of Margaret. These women are all a little shadowy and hard to pin down, though the two queens less so than the others. Agnes Dunbar, meanwhile, seems to have gone on to marry a Douglas of Dalkeith, but otherwise not much is known about her life. But of all the women in David’s life, possibly the most mysterious and unfortunate was Katherine Mortimer. From what little we know about her it seems that Katherine made David’s acquaintance during his imprisonment after the Battle of Neville’s Cross in 1346. Variously described as “a young lady of London” and “Katherine de Mortimer, the Welsh woman”, she was brought north by the king when he was released in 1357 as “through the friendship he had contracted with her while he was a prisoner (…) he could not dispense with her presence.” Theories of her background include the possibilities that she was a member of a London merchant family, a distant relation of the famous Marcher lords of the same surname, or actually a Scot, who had travelled south with either Queen Joan or one of the other nobles who crossed the border during David’s captivity (and possibly a relative of a Roger Mortimer who was later given land in the Mearns). She may have been attending on Queen Joan, or even Philippa of Hainault as David was imprisoned for a time at Odiham castle, which belonged to her. At the end of the day, we have very little idea of where she came from, or how she came into contact with the king. What we do know is that she seems to have largely displaced Joan of the Tower, and her presence may have been the last straw for the queen, who spent much of the rest of her life in England. Walter Bower claims that “the king loved her more than all other women, and on her account the queen was entirely neglected while he embraced his mistress” (though it should be noted that this quote immediately precedes one of Bower’s lovingly crafted rants against adultery). Thomas Gray, however, supports Bower’s assertion of her importance to the king, as she is supposed to have frequently rode alongside him in place of honour. And, in some way or another, this rankled with David’s nobles, with whom the king had an uneasy relationship. It is not known whether Katherine was perceived as influencing his government, whether she was merely representative of David’s unpopular favourites and the easiest way of attacking him, or whether, as Thomas Gray states, the favour lavished on her was simply resented by some of his lords. Whatever the case- and whether or not Katherine herself was even responsible for the bad feeling against her- some people seem to have regarded her as causing such deep division, and hated her so bitterly, that they decided that only the most drastic measures would suffice in opposing her. In late June of 1360, therefore, as the king and his retinue were riding near the hospital of Soutra in the Borders, a young man named Richard Holly (or Hull) engaged Katherine in conversation until they fell to the back of the group. Having thus drawn her away from safety- and possibly with the assistance of the shadowy ‘Dewar’ mentioned by Bower- Richard set upon Katherine with a knife, dealing her a mortal blow, and threw her body from her mount. He then rode off quickly, escaping on his own fast horse. But this assassination was no unplanned act of violence by a disgruntled individual: there is evidence that a number of David’s leading magnates may have approved of, and even organised the attack on his mistress. One particular noble, Thomas Stewart, Earl of Angus, who was later warded in Dumbarton castle, may have been committed there partially due to lingering suspicions that he had been one of the conspirators behind the murder of Katherine. The Earl died a couple of years after Katherine, succumbing to the plague whilst imprisoned, but while there are indications that the conspiracy went wider than a single earl and a couple of assassins, no other lords appear to have been specifically implicated in the murder. Katherine herself, meanwhile, was mourned deeply by the king, who, upon hearing the commotion at the back of the procession, had hurried back only to find his mistress’ corpse. She was buried in Newbattle Abbey at his command (allegedly standing upright), which was relatively nearby, and was also the burial place of one of Alexander II’s queens. The mystery lingers, however, and Katherine Mortimer- who she was and why she died- remains yet another example of the problems of probing into Scottish history and the many tantalising, half-hidden stories that history and legend have handed down to us today. References: ‘Scalachronica’, Sir Thomas Grey, trans. Herbert Maxwell ‘Scotichronicon’, Walter Bower, trans. D.E.R. Watt, Volume VII ‘David II, King of Scotland (1329-1371): a Political Biography’, Bruce Robert Homann
    
16. Title: Medieval Scotland: Historical Background
    Note: Christopher Wagner, Scottish Kilts- Useage [online] last accessed23/8/2006 http://www.histclo.com/style/skirted/kilt/kilts-usage.html
    
17. Title: Legacy NFS Source: David II de Brus King of Scotland - Event: 1329 / 1371; Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
    Author: "The Lives of the Kings and Queens of England", Fraser, Antonia, 12 Feb 2001, Pauline Anne Bingham, 309 Copa de Oro~Brea, CA 92823 U.S.A.~Pauline Anne Bingham~309 Copa de Oro~~Brea~~CA~~92823~~U.S.A., (714) 524-3750, Page number: p. 70-71
    Note: Event: 1329 / 1371; Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3248100184
    
18. Title: Legacy NFS Source: David II de Brus King of Scotland - Event: 1329 / 1371; Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
    Author: "Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia", Ansley, Clarke F., (Morningside Heights, New York, Columbia University Press, Licensed fromINSO Corporation, December 31, 1941, 1994), Hard C, Kirk Larson, 23512 Belmar Dr.~Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 U.S.A.~Kirk Larson~23512 Belmar Dr.~~Laguna Niguel~~CA~~92677~~U.S.A., (253) 390-9307 (fax)
    Note: Event: 1329 / 1371; Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3248100230