Gwladus verch Llewelyn

• Preferred Name: Gwladus verch Llewelyn^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}
  
• Gender: F
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Princess
  
• Death: 24 OCT 1251 in Windsor, Berkshire, England at LATI: N1.4293 LONG: E0.602
  
• FSID: LD9W-MN9
  
• Nickname:
  
• Birth: 1206 in Caernarvonshire, Wales at LATI: N3.1065 LONG: E4.2305
  
• Burial: 1251 in Windsor, Berkshire, England at LATI: N1.4293 LONG: E0.602
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Gwladus Ddu, ("Gwladus the Dark Eyes"), full name Gwladus ferch Llywelyn, was a Welsh noblewoman who was a daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd and Joan Plantagenet, a daughter of John, King of England. She married two Marcher lords.
  Sources differ as to whether Gwladus was Llywelyn's legitimate daughter by his wife Joan or an illegitimate daughter by Tangwystl Goch, but she is widely regarded to be the daughter of Joan. Gwladus is recorded in Brut y Tywysogion as having died at Windsor in 1251.
  
  Her first marriage was to Reginald de Braose, Lord of Brecon and Abergavenny, in about 1215. After Reginald's death in 1228 she was probably the sister recorded as accompanying Dafydd ap Llywelyn to London in 1229.
  
  She was then married to Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore in about 1230. Ralph died in 1246, and their son, Roger de Mortimer, inherited the lordship.
  
  === All the daughters of Llewelyn, with the ===
  All the daughters of Llewelyn, with the exception of Gwladys, have been accepted by Major Francis Jones, the best known authority of Welsh pedigrees, based upon British Museum Manuscript Add. 15041, folio 12a which shows Joan to be the mother of David, Gwenlian, Angharad and Margaret See Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., "A Further Note of Joan of Wales," The American Genealogist, Vol, 41, 1965, pg. 99.
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition L 27-28, 132C-29.
  
  === Llywelyn did not marry Joan until 1205 a ===
  Llywelyn did not marry Joan until 1205 at the EARLIEST, or 1206, if you believe more detailed sources. Llywelyn did not receive the final (third) letter from the Pope declaring his betrothal to the daughter of the King of Man to be void until 1205. Giving a year for conception and birth, if one assumed Gwladys were daughter of Joan, she could not have been born earlier than 1206 or 1207. If she were older than eight or nine years old in 1215, she could not have been daughter of Joan. As I stated before, the marriage to Reginald de Braose in 1215 was one of political expediency, and not one where the were waiting for the girl to come of age (so to speak). You'd be relying heavily on the coincidence that Gwladys happened to be in that very narrow range between seven (before which age she could not even have been betrothed) and eight, or nine. Then we have Joan's son and heir David being born BY 1208 (gave homage in 1229). If Joan were indeed married in 1206, and David born in 1208 (he cannot have been born later if the law was followed), that is an awfully tight squeeze to put Gwladys's coincidental birth there. I still think the claim that Gwladys was daughter of Joan, and that she therefore MUST have been born in 1207--not before, not after--is doubtful. "Paul C. Reed" In answer to your question, there was a clear and unambigious statement that Gladys Dhu was the daughter of Llywelyn and Joan in the chronicle of Adam of Usk. Adam knew the Mortimer family and presumably had access to their archives. While Adam is a late date witness and not altogether reliable, he is rather emphatic that Gladys was Joan's daughter. As for another late date testimony of the Mortimer family's descent from Llywelyn, I find the Visitation of the North prepared c. 1480-1500 states that "Roger [recte Ralph] Mortemer duxit Gladiswiscam filiam principis Wallie." [Reference: Surtees Society, vol. 144, published 1930, pg. 3. Presumably the point of reciting the exten ded Mortimer pedigree back to Prince Llywelyn is because the English descendants of the Mortimer family c. 1480-1500 believed that Gladys was the legitimate daughter of Prince Llywelyn, by his wife, Joan. Adam of Usk and the Visitation of the North aside, I believe the best evidence of Gladys Dhu's parentage is the fact that Gladys' father, Llywelyn, released two castles which he had in free marriage with his wife, Joan, to Gladys' husband, Ralph de Mortimer. I posted a transcript of Llywelyn's charter to Ralph de Mortimer on the newsgroup. If you need help finding the transcript, please let me know. Best always, Douglas Richardson, Salt Lake City, Utah E-mail: royalancestry@msn.com If I read this right are you saying that as there was an ongoing dispute with the Mortimers over Knighton and Norton, Llywelyn may have decided to cut his losses and give away the properties with Gwladys. The pragmatic value of such an act would have overridden the issue of her maternity. It is my understanding that legally Llywellyn could have given the properties away with the consent of Joan, anyway. Also in 1229, Gwladys Dhu accompanied her brother as widow of Reginald de Braose for the purpose of negotiations in London for her to become bride of Ralph Mortimer? If this is the case, we cannot draw any conclusions about her maternity from this event. Cheers Rosie "Rosie Bevan" Two major pieces of evidence point to Joan as being Gladys' mother. [GMacGen@aol.com] Giles tells us that Peter C. Bartrum's _Welsh Genealogies_ [table Gruffudd ap Cynan 4] gives the mother of Gwladys Ddu as Tangwystl. Here is what is shown in Peter C. Bartrum's Welsh Genealogies, page 446, Gruffudd ap Cynan 4: Iorwerth Drwyndwn ab Owain Gwynedd m Margred f. Madog (Bl ap C 3) | Llywelyn d. 1240 (1) Joan d. King John m. 1205 (a) Tangwystl f. Llywarch Goch (LL. Ho. 1) | Gwladus Ddu d. 1251 (1) Reginald de Braose d. 1228 (2) Ralph II Mortimer d. 1246 Kenneth Harper Finton Editor and Pub lisher THE PLANTAGENET CONNECTION __________________________________________ HT Communications / PO Box 1401 / Arvada CO 80001 VOICE: 303-420-4888 FAX: 303-420-4845 http://HTCommunications.org/homepage.htm KHF333@AOL.com
  
  === Most of the information on Kings & Queen ===
  Most of the information on Kings & Queens of Scotland, Ireland, Wales,England and other parts of the British Isles & Europe and on the variousRoyal & Noble families in this family tree has come from one or more ofthe following sources: BURKE'S Genealogical and Heraldic History of the PEERAGE BARONETAGE ANDKNIGHTAGE. Edited by Peter Townend. Burke's Peerage Limited, London "Burke's Peerage" popular name. Also information from Burke's Landed Gentry Burke's Peerage Limited, London Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, ISBN: 0312125577 Debrett's Peerage Ltd 86/88 Edgware Road London W2 2YW For further information on Debrett's e-mail people@debretts.co.uk Phone # +44 (0)171 916 9633. http://www.debretts.co.uk/index.html Directory of Royal Genealogical Data (Edinburgh Mirror) http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~bct/public/genealogy/royal/ Version: 29 Jul 99 Author: Brian Tompsett Back: Royal and Noble genealogy Copyright (c) 1994 - 1999 This is part of Royal and Noble Genealogical Data on the Web at http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/gedcom.html, Royal Genealogies -- Menu http://ftp.cac.psu.edu/~saw/royal/royalgen.html Denis R. Reid 149 Kimrose Lane Broadview Heights, Ohio 44147-1258 Internet Email address: ah189@cleveland.freenet.edu (216) 237-5364 Burke's possibly now published or distributed by Almanach De Gotha Ltd, 9 Cork Street,Mayfair, London, W1X 1PD United Kingdom. Tel (UK) 0181 404 2489 (International) +44(0) 181 404 2489 http://www.almanachdegotha.com/main_page.htm
  
  === !BIRTH-DEATH: The Plantagenet Connection ===
  !BIRTH-DEATH: The Plantagenet Connection, April 1994 also known as "Gladys the Black" Princess of Wales !Royal Ancestors of Magna Carta Barons, by Carr Collins Known as "The Dark Eyed One"
  
  === Also called "the Black" because of her ===
  Also called "the Black" because of her dark coloring.
  
  === https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwladus_Ddu ===
  Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis; Lines 132-C-29, 176B-28John Edward Lloyd (1911) A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Longmans, Green & Co.)
  
  === He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, ===
  He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, Gwladus Du, daughter of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales, by his 2nd wife Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John. He d. between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228. His widow m. 2ndly, Ralph de Mortimer, of Wigmore, who d. 6 Aug 1246, and was buried at Wigmore Abbey. She d. at Windsor in 1251. [Complete Peerage I:22]
  
  NOTE: The identity of Gwladus's mother is still a matter of debate. There is no clear contemporary evidence that her mother was Joan, and a daughter of Llewelyn and Joan could not have been aged more than about 9 in 1215. The only direct statements appear to come some centuries later. One strand of the later tradition does identify Gwladus's mother as Joan, but another says she was Llewelyn's mistress Tangwystl.
  
  [This question has been discussed by - among many others - Stewart Baldwin, Rosie Bevan, Ken Finton, Todd Farmerie, John P. Ravilious, Paul Reed, Douglas Richardson, Henry Sutliff, Nat Taylor and Brad Verity.] [Some Corrections and Additions to CP]
  
  ------------------------------------
  
  Let me make one final general observation. There was a definite and timely reason that Reginald de Broase married Gwladys Ddu in 1215. His brother Giles, Bishop of Hereford, rebelled as soon as he received a royal grant of 'his' patrimony and joined Llywelyn (as leader of the Welsh forces) in general rebellion against John (remember that this was also about the time the North of England, etc., rebelled against John). Reginald immediately joined his brother in marching on their patrimony in the Marches to secure it by force. To cement their alliance (Giles being a bishop and all), Reginald was married to a daughter of Prince Llywelyn. Her name happened to be Gwladys, the dark eyed.
  
  I would find it EXTRAORDINARILY coincidental if Gwladys just happened to be BARELY age twelve in 1215, when it was found expedient to marry her to Reginald. He was older, already experienced in the art of war and the ability to lead men. His elder deceased brother William was already father of four sons held as hostages by King John.
  
  I would be utterly amazed if we found that Gwladys was aged twelve in 1215. The cause of their marriage was not (as far as we know) a prearranged marriage contract that happened to coincide with political expediency--the marriage was a RESULT of the political events that occurred in 1215.
  
  After Reginald de Braose betrayed Llywelyn and became King John's man in 1217 [to give homage, one had to be in the actmacl presence of the King], and his nephew John de Braose was released in 1218, Llywelyn found a ready ally in the younger John, who was attempting to get his rightful inheritance from Reginald (who was in possession of most of it), in 1218, Llywelyn, out of political expediency, married his daughter Margared to this John.
  
  Thus, if the marriage between Gwladys and Reginald was the result of political events, and they had not been heatedly awaiting her birthday so that they could be wed in a full and legal manner that would be permanent--rather than something that could be easily broken (or at least broken with some effort and complicity)--I would conclude it is most likely that Gwladys was actually older than twelve years old in 1215. Does that seem reasonable? [Paul C Reed, 30 Nov 2001, soc.genealogy.medieval]
  
  __________________
  
  Some Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage, www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/cp/index.shtml, Page: I:22:
  Not a daughter of Joan, but of Llewellyn's mistress Tangwystl.
  
  ______________________
  
  Received lands of Knighton & Norton from mother Joan Plantagenet, proving the connection. [Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.medieval, at groups - google.com, Douglas Richardson, 15 Dec 2002]
  
  _______________________________
  
  1st husband Reginald De Braose (Breos)
  2nd husband Ralph (Roger) De Mortimer
  
  Burke's Guide to the Royal family states the 2nd husband was Roger De Mortimer, yet the IGI states that it was Ralph, as does Sanders. The death date of Ralph matches the death date that Burke's Guide gives for Roger, so Ralph will be the accepted husband. The IGI and Cokayne also state that Ralph married Gwladus Ddu Llewelyn.
  
  Foster, Cokayne and Sanders has her mother as Princess Joan, daughter of King John, the other wife of Llewelyn.
  
  === SOME WELSH HISTORY The earliest inhabit ===
  SOME WELSH HISTORY The earliest inhabitants of Wales, as of the rest of Britain, were a short, dark race, generally referred to as Iberians (q.v.). These were succeeded by Celts, possibly first of the Gaelic division, although in the earliest historic times Wales, like Britain, was occupied by Cymric or Brythonic Celts. At the time of the coming of the Romans, 55 bc , the tribes of Wales represented a mixture of the primitive Iberians with the later invading Celts. They bore the general name of Cymry. After a long struggle the subjugation of these tribes was completed during the reign ( ad 69-79) of the Roman emperor Vespasian. The Celtic inhabitants of Britain, fleeing before the wave of Anglo-Saxon invasion, took refuge in the Welsh mountains, where, in time, they were merged with their native kinsmen and maintained their independence against the Teuton conquerors. The country was divided into several areas, of which Gwynedd, Gwent, Dyved, and Powys were the most important. Subjugation by England. In 1062-64 Harold Godwinson (later Harold II) overran Wales with an English army after a struggle with Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, king of Gwynedd (1039-63). William I, the Conqueror, forced recognition of his sovereignty from the Welsh princes, but they raided the English border, for protection of which the early Norman kings erected a number of feudal lordships with very extensive powers, the so-called lords of the marches. The marcher lords were a turbulent class and a source of trouble to the kings, but they served their purpose in holding the Welsh back. In 1136 the Welsh won a victory over Henry I, king of England, but were again reduced to homage by Henry II. Llewellyn ap Gruffydd, prince of North Wales (1225?-82), sided with Simon de Montfort against Henry III, but later submitted to the king. In 1273, however, he refused to pay homage to the new English king, Edward I, who in 1276 invaded Wales and compelled Llewellyn to submit to humiliating terms, including the surrender of the eastern portion of his lands and the annual acknowledgment of fealty. Llewellyn rebelled in 1282, but died, and his brother David ap Gruffydd (fl. 1247-83), who carried on the struggle, was captured in 1283 and beheaded. In 1284 Edward I completed the conquest of Wales and, by the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan, it became an English principality. Last Rebellion. In 1301 Edward I conferred on his oldest surviving son, later King Edward II, who was born in Caernarvon, Wales, the title of prince of Wales. This sufficiently satisfied the pride of the Welsh to keep them loyal for 100 years. The national spirit survived, however, and was nourished by the songs of the bards. When Henry IV seized the English throne, a revolt began in Wales, which, under the leadership of Owen Glendower, in 1402, became formidable. Henry IV repeatedly invaded the country, but the revolt was not suppressed until the death of Glendower, about 1416. Glendower's was the last national uprising. The Welsh submitted to Henry VII, the first Tudor king, whom they regarded as their countryman. Tudor policy toward Wales stressed assimilation and equality. By the Act of Union of 1536 Wales was incorporated with England, its inhabitants receiving all the rights and privileges of English subjects. Welsh representatives then took their seats in the English Parliament, and customary Welsh laws that differed with those of England were abolished. The Welsh gentry continued to exercise local authority in the name of the monarch, from whom they held their lands. Welsh Nationalism. In time, however, the anglicization of the gentry created a breach in Welsh society, which was further deepened by religious differences. Slow to adopt Protestantism, the Welsh people were decidedly cool to Oliver Cromwell's Puritanism and had to be persuaded by force. In the 18th century they began to lean heavily toward Calvinism, and the growth of the Calvinistic Methodist Church was an assertion of Welsh natio nalism; it culminated in 1920 in the disestablishment of the English church in Wales. This coincided with party politics, for the Welsh voted overwhelmingly for the Liberal party, which supported disestablishment. Wales in turn supplied the party with one of its most forceful leaders, David Lloyd George. Welsh nationalism has been kept alive up to the present by the Plaid Cymru party (founded in 1925), which has at times elected members to the British Parliament and otherwise kept pressure on the major parties to protect the special interests of Wales. For further information on this topic, see ~Biblio. Wales, Scotland .
  
  === !GENERAL:Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colon ===
  !GENERAL:Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To Ne w England Between 1623 And 1650 _PAREN: Y, Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To N ew England Between 1623 And 1650 _PAREN: Y, Weis, Frederick Lewis, Genealogical Publishing C o. Inc., 1992
  
  === The Dictionary of National Biography ind ===
  The Dictionary of National Biography indicated Gwenllian, child No. 3, married William de Lacy and was the daughter of LLewelyn by Tanglwyst. Some of the less reliable sources indicate she was the daughter of LLewelyn by Joan, Princess of England and that she married Robert de Lacy. Se also notation on the family group record of the above gwladys with her first husband, Reginald de Braose.
  
  === !BIR-MAR-DEA: Bk, Medieval Knight by Ste ===
  !BIR-MAR-DEA: Bk, Medieval Knight by Stephen Turnbull.
  
  === Name Suffix: Princess of North Wal ===
  Name Suffix: Princess of North Wales
  REFN: HWS5209
  Ancestral File Number: GLCF-TX
  OBJE: C:\LEGACY\PICTURES\C_PrinceSaintEmpire.GIF
  
  He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, Gwladus Du, daughter of Llewelynap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales, by his 2nd wife Joan, illegitimatedaughter of King John. He d. between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228. Hiswidow m. 2ndly, Ralph de Mortimer, of Wigmore, who d. 6 Aug 1246, and wasburied at Wigmore Abbey. She d. at Windsor in 1251. [Complete PeerageI:22]
  
  He [Ralph de Mortimer] married, in 1230, Gladys (Gladusa) Duy, orDark-eyed, daughter of Llewelyn AP JORWORTH, by his 2nd wife, Joan(illegitimate daughter of KiNG JOHN), and widow of Reynold DE BRAOSE[died June 1228). He died 6 August 1246, and was buried at Wigmore. Hiswidow died in 1251. [Complete Peerage IX:275-6, (transcribed by DaveUtzinger)]
  
  NOTE: The identity of Gwladus's mother is still a matter of debate. Thereis no clear contemporary evidence that her mother was Joan, and adaughter of Llewelyn and Joan could not have been aged more than about 9in 1215. The only direct statements appear to come some centuries later.One strand of the later tradition does identify Gwladus's mother as Joan,but another says she was Llewelyn's mistress Tangwystl.
  
  [This question has been discussed by - among many others - StewartBaldwin, Rosie Bevan, Ken Finton, Todd Farmerie, John P. Ravilious, PaulReed, Douglas Richardson, Henry Sutliff, Nat Taylor and Brad Verity.][Some Corrections and Additions to CP]
  
  ------------------------------------
  
  Let me make one final general observation. There was a definite andtimely reason that Reginald de Broase married Gwladys Ddu in 1215. Hisbrother Giles, Bishop of Hereford, rebelled as soon as he received aroyal grant of 'his' patrimony and joined Llywelyn (as leader of theWelsh forces) in general rebellion against John (remember that this wasalso about the time the North of England, etc., rebelled against John).Reginald immediately joined his brother in marching on their patrimony inthe Marches to secure it by force. To cement their alliance (Giles beinga bishop and all), Reginald was married to a daughter of PrinceLlywelyn. Her name happened to be Gwladys, the dark eyed.
  
  I would find it EXTRAORDINARILY coincidental if Gwladys just happened tobe BARELY age twelve in 1215, when it was found expedient to marry her toReginald. He was older, already experienced in the art of war and theability to lead men. His elder deceased brother William was alreadyfather of four sons held as hostages by King John.
  
  I would be utterly amazed if we found that Gwladys was aged twelve in1215. The cause of their marriage was not (as far as we know) aprearranged marriage contract that happened to coincide with politicalexpediency--the marriage was a RESULT of the political events thatoccurred in 1215.
  
  After Reginald de Braose betrayed Llywelyn and became King John's man in1217 [to give homage, one had to be in the actual presence of the King],and his nephew John de Braose was released in 1218, Llywelyn found aready ally in the younger John, who was attempting to get his rightfulinheritance from Reginald (who was in possession of most of it), in 1218,Llywelyn, out of political expediency, married his daughter Margared tothis John.
  
  Thus, if the marriage between Gwladys and Reginald was the result ofpolitical events, and they had not been heatedly awaiting her birthday sothat they could be wed in a full and legal manner that would bepermanent--rather than something that could be easily broken (or at leastbroken with some effort and complicity)--I would conclude it is mostlikely that Gwladys was actually older than twelve years old in 1215.Does that seem reasonable? [Paul C Reed, 30 Nov 2001,soc.genealogy.medieval]
  
  === Some History from Medlands ===
  From Medlands:
  
  http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#Gwladusdied1251 (daughter of Llewellyn ap Iowerth and unknown misress)
  
  GWLADUS Ddu ("the Black") (-Windsor 1251). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Reginaldus frater eius” (referring to “Ægidius Herefordensis episcopus”) married “Leulini Regis Walliæ…filiam” in 1216[277]. Henry III King of England granted protection to "Gwladosa filia…[L.] principis [Norwallie] que fuit uxor Reginaldi de Brausa" dated [May] 1229, issued at the same time as letters of protection to her brother David[278]. Henry III King of England granted safe passage to "David filium L. principis Norwallier in veniendo ad regem ad faciendum ei homagium suum, et sororem ipsius David" dated 5 Sep 1229[279]. It is likely that this unnamed sister of David was Gwladus, coming to England with her brother before her second marriage. The Annals of Worcester record that “Radulphus de Mortuomari” married “filiam Lewelini, conjugem quondam Reginaldi de Breusa” in 1230[280]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Radulphus” married “Lewelinus princeps…Gwladusam Duy filiam suam”, who brought her husband “omnibus terries de Kery et Kedewyn”[281]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1251 of "Gladus filia domini Lewelini" at Windsor[282]. m firstly ([1215/16]) as his second wife, REYNOLD de Briouse, son of WILLIAM [III] de Briouse & his wife Mathilde de Saint-Valéry Dame de la Haye (-[5 May 1227/9 Jun 1228]). He succeeded in 1215 as Lord of Abergavenny[283]. m secondly (1230) RALPH de Mortimer of Wigmore, son of ROGER de Mortimer & his wife Isabel de Ferrers (-6 Aug 1246, bur Wigmore).
  
  http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL2.htm
  
  RALPH Mortimer of Wigmore (-6 Aug 1246, bur Wigmore). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Radulphus frater eius” succeeded on the death of “Hugo”, adding that he was born from his father´s second marriage, built “duo castra…Kevencles et Knoclas”, died “VIII Id Aug 1247” and was buried “in abbathia de Wygemore”[286]. "Ralph de Mortimer" made a fine "for having seisin of the lands formerly of Hugh de Mortimer, his brother", dated [Nov] 1227[287]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1246 of "Radulphus de Mortuo Mari"[288]. m (1230) as her second husband, GWLADUS Ddu ("Dark-eyed"), widow of REYNOLD de Briouse, illegitimate daughter of LLYWELLYN ap Iorwerth Fawr ("the Great") Prince of Wales & his mistress --- (-Windsor 1251). The Annals of Worcester record that “Radulphus de Mortuomari” married “filiam Lewelini, conjugem quondam Reginaldi de Breusa” in 1230[289]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Radulphus” married “Lewelinus princeps…Gwladusam Duy filiam suam”, who brought her husband “omnibus terries de Kery et Kedewyn”[290]. Ralph & his wife had five children
  
  === !Complete Peerage 942.D22cok V9 Apparent ===
  !Complete Peerage 942.D22cok V9 Apparently, according to Complete Peerage, there are other children--at least sons. Gladys was the natural child of Mistress Tangwystl
  
  === Source: Please cite original sources.
  C ===
  Source: Please cite original sources.
  Compiled by: J. K. Loren
  
  === Sources: A. Roots 27, 132C, 176; AF; Kra ===
  Sources: A. Roots 27, 132C, 176; AF; Kraentzler 1097, 1126; Norr,Dictionary of National Biography; Kings and Queens of Britain; Pargeter;A History of the Morgan Family; Powys Fadog; The Reckoning by Sharon KayPenman. Other spellings: Gladusa Duy and Gladys Dhu. Norr says she was termed "dark-eyed." Widow of Reynold de Braiose (Reginald de Braose). Could havebeen the daughter of a woman other than Joan, Dictionary says. Norr alsocalls her a stepdaughter of Joan and half-sister of Davydd. Roots: Gladys Dhu, widow of Reynold de Braiose, m. 1230 Ralph deMortimer. Seventh edition says she was the daughter of Llewelyn's mistressTangwystl, not daughter of Joan of England as listed in earlier editionand by others. K: Gladusa Duy verch Llewelyn. Pargeter: Gladys. K&Q says this couple ancestors of Edward IV. Powys Fadog: Gwladys Ddu, relict of Reginald de Braose, Lord ofBrecknock, and daughter of Llywellyn, Prince of Wales, who gave her, as her dower,all his lands in Ceri and Cydewain and all the castles and forts in bothlordships. Penman: Gwladys, the mother of Roger de Mortimer. Called Gwladys Dhuin tribute to her dark coloring. SOURCES: 1. Ancestral File (AFN:91QG-H5). This individual has the following other parents in the AncestralFile: Llewellyn /LLEWELLYN/ (AFN:91QG-JB) and Joan, Of /ENGLAND/ (AFN:8XJ8-0X)
  
  === http://freespace.virgin.net/doug.thompso ===
  http://freespace.virgin.net/doug.thompson/BraoseWeb/Gwladus.htm
  
  [jweber.ged]
  He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, Gwladus Du, daughter of Llewelyn
  ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales, by his 2nd wife Joan, illegitimate
  daughter of King John. He d. between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228. His
  widow m. 2ndly, Ralph de Mortimer, of Wigmore, who d. 6 Aug 1246, and was
  buried at Wigmore Abbey. She d. at Windsor in 1251. [Complete Peerage
  I:22]
  NOTE: The identity of Gwladus's mother is still a matter of debate. There
  is noclear contemporary evidence that her mother was Joan, and a
  daughter of Llewelyn and Joan could not have been aged more than about 9
  in 1215. The only direct statements appear to come some centuries later.
  One strand of the later tradition does identify Gwladus's mother as Joan,
  but another says she was Llewelyn's mistress Tangwystl.
  [This question has been discussed by - among manyothers - Stewart
  Baldwin, Rosie Bevan, Ken Finton, Todd Farmerie, John P. Ravilious, Paul
  Reed, Douglas Richardson, Henry Sutliff, Nat Taylor and Brad Verity.]
  [Some Corrections and Additions to CP]
  ------------------------------------
  Let me make one final general observation. There was a definite and
  timely reason that Reginald de Broase married Gwladys Ddu in 1215. His
  brother Giles, Bishop of Hereford, rebelled as soon as he received a
  royal grant of'his' patrimony and joined Llywelyn (as leader of the
  Welsh forces) in general rebellion against John (remember that this was
  also about the time the North of England, etc., rebelled against John).
  Reginald immediately joined hisbrother in marching on their patrimony in
  the Marches to secure it by force.To cement their alliance (Giles being
  a bishop and all), Reginald was married to a daughter of Prince
  Llywelyn. Her name happened to be Gwladys, the dark eyed.
  I would find it EXTRAORDINARILY coincidental if Gwladys just happenedto
  be BARELY age twelve in 1215, when it was found expedient to marry her to
  Reginald. He was older, already experienced in the art of war and the
  ability to lead men. His elder deceased brother William was already
  father of four sons held as hostages by King John.
  I would be utterly amazed if we found that Gwladys was aged twelve in
  1215. The cause of their marriage was not (asfar as we know) a
  prearranged marriage contract that happened to coincide with political
  expediency--the marriage was a RESULT of the political events that
  occurred in 1215.
  After Reginald de Braose betrayed Llywelyn and became King John's man in
  1217 [to give homage, one had to be in the actual presenceof the King],
  and his nephew John de Braose was released in 1218, Llywelyn found a
  ready ally in the younger John, who was attempting to get his rightful
  inheritance from Reginald (who was in possession of most of it), in 1218,
  Llywelyn, out of political expediency, married his daughter Margared to
  this John.
  Thus, if the marriage between Gwladys and Reginald was the result of
  political events, and they had not been heatedly awaiting her birthday so
  thatthey could be wed in a full and legal manner that would be
  permanent--ratherthan something that could be easily broken (or at least
  broken with some effort and complicity)--I would conclude it is most
  likely that Gwladys was actually older than twelve years old in 1215.
  Does that seem reasonable? [Paul CReed, 30 Nov 2001,
  soc.genealogy.medieval]
  
  !BIRTH-SPOUSE-CHILDREN: Ancestral File; ; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, CD-ROM dated 21 Aug 1992, Information submitted by...; St George Regional Family History Center/FamilySearch Home Field Trial, searched Jan 1995; according to notes, Gwladys was a 'Princess of North Wales'
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Nickname - Place: Also called the "Black" because of her dark clothing
  
  === !#4568-v7-p446; !Arch Rec: Royal Lines o ===
  !#4568-v7-p446; !Arch Rec: Royal Lines of Succession; Dictionary of National Biography; Pedigrees of Anglesey and Caernarvon; Eminent Welshmen; !ORD: TIB: SLAKE: Bap>, End> 12112-6F-538, sealed to mo Tangwystl verch Llywarch, 27 Sep 1946; !CONFLICT: Dictionary of Nat Bio indicates she married William de Lacy and was the daughter of Tangywstl; less reliabe sources indicate she was the daughter of Joan and married Robert de Lacy; FN #S2RC3C;
  === Life Sketch ===
  Gwladus Ddu, ("Gwladus the Dark Eyes"), full name Gwladus ferch Llywelyn, was a Welsh noblewoman who was a daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd and Joan Plantagenet, a daughter of John, King of England. She married two Marcher lords.
  Sources differ as to whether Gwladus was Llywelyn's legitimate daughter by his wife Joan or an illegitimate daughter by Tangwystl Goch, but she is widely regarded to be the daughter of Joan. Gwladus is recorded in Brut y Tywysogion as having died at Windsor in 1251.
  
  Her first marriage was to Reginald de Braose, Lord of Brecon and Abergavenny, in about 1215. After Reginald's death in 1228 she was probably the sister recorded as accompanying Dafydd ap Llywelyn to London in 1229.
  
  She was then married to Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore in about 1230. Ralph died in 1246, and their son, Roger de Mortimer, inherited the lordship.
  
  === !#4568-v7-p446; !Arch Rec: Royal Lines o ===
  !#4568-v7-p446; !Arch Rec: Royal Lines of Succession; Dictionary of National Biography; Pedigrees of Anglesey and Caernarvon; Eminent Welshmen; !ORD: TIB: SLAKE: Bap>, End> 12112-6F-538, sealed to mo Tangwystl verch Llywarch, 27 Sep 1946; !CONFLICT: Dictionary of Nat Bio indicates she married William de Lacy and was the daughter of Tangywstl; less reliabe sources indicate she was the daughter of Joan and married Robert de Lacy; FN #S2RC3C;
  
  === SOME WELSH HISTORY The earliest inhabit ===
  SOME WELSH HISTORY The earliest inhabitants of Wales, as of the rest of Britain, were a short, dark race, generally referred to as Iberians (q.v.). These were succeeded by Celts, possibly first of the Gaelic division, although in the earliest historic times Wales, like Britain, was occupied by Cymric or Brythonic Celts. At the time of the coming of the Romans, 55 bc , the tribes of Wales represented a mixture of the primitive Iberians with the later invading Celts. They bore the general name of Cymry. After a long struggle the subjugation of these tribes was completed during the reign ( ad 69-79) of the Roman emperor Vespasian. The Celtic inhabitants of Britain, fleeing before the wave of Anglo-Saxon invasion, took refuge in the Welsh mountains, where, in time, they were merged with their native kinsmen and maintained their independence against the Teuton conquerors. The country was divided into several areas, of which Gwynedd, Gwent, Dyved, and Powys were the most important. Subjugation by England. In 1062-64 Harold Godwinson (later Harold II) overran Wales with an English army after a struggle with Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, king of Gwynedd (1039-63). William I, the Conqueror, forced recognition of his sovereignty from the Welsh princes, but they raided the English border, for protection of which the early Norman kings erected a number of feudal lordships with very extensive powers, the so-called lords of the marches. The marcher lords were a turbulent class and a source of trouble to the kings, but they served their purpose in holding the Welsh back. In 1136 the Welsh won a victory over Henry I, king of England, but were again reduced to homage by Henry II. Llewellyn ap Gruffydd, prince of North Wales (1225?-82), sided with Simon de Montfort against Henry III, but later submitted to the king. In 1273, however, he refused to pay homage to the new English king, Edward I, who in 1276 invaded Wales and compelled Llewellyn to submit to humiliating terms, including the surrender of the eastern portion of his lands and the annual acknowledgment of fealty. Llewellyn rebelled in 1282, but died, and his brother David ap Gruffydd (fl. 1247-83), who carried on the struggle, was captured in 1283 and beheaded. In 1284 Edward I completed the conquest of Wales and, by the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan, it became an English principality. Last Rebellion. In 1301 Edward I conferred on his oldest surviving son, later King Edward II, who was born in Caernarvon, Wales, the title of prince of Wales. This sufficiently satisfied the pride of the Welsh to keep them loyal for 100 years. The national spirit survived, however, and was nourished by the songs of the bards. When Henry IV seized the English throne, a revolt began in Wales, which, under the leadership of Owen Glendower, in 1402, became formidable. Henry IV repeatedly invaded the country, but the revolt was not suppressed until the death of Glendower, about 1416. Glendower's was the last national uprising. The Welsh submitted to Henry VII, the first Tudor king, whom they regarded as their countryman. Tudor policy toward Wales stressed assimilation and equality. By the Act of Union of 1536 Wales was incorporated with England, its inhabitants receiving all the rights and privileges of English subjects. Welsh representatives then took their seats in the English Parliament, and customary Welsh laws that differed with those of England were abolished. The Welsh gentry continued to exercise local authority in the name of the monarch, from whom they held their lands. Welsh Nationalism. In time, however, the anglicization of the gentry created a breach in Welsh society, which was further deepened by religious differences. Slow to adopt Protestantism, the Welsh people were decidedly cool to Oliver Cromwell's Puritanism and had to be persuaded by force. In the 18th century they began to lean heavily toward Calvinism, and the growth of the Calvinistic Methodist Church was an assertion of Welsh natio nalism; it culminated in 1920 in the disestablishment of the English church in Wales. This coincided with party politics, for the Welsh voted overwhelmingly for the Liberal party, which supported disestablishment. Wales in turn supplied the party with one of its most forceful leaders, David Lloyd George. Welsh nationalism has been kept alive up to the present by the Plaid Cymru party (founded in 1925), which has at times elected members to the British Parliament and otherwise kept pressure on the major parties to protect the special interests of Wales. For further information on this topic, see ~Biblio. Wales, Scotland .
  
  === https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwladus_Ddu ===
  Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis; Lines 132-C-29, 176B-28John Edward Lloyd (1911) A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest (Longmans, Green & Co.)
  
  === He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, ===
  He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, Gwladus Du, daughter of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales, by his 2nd wife Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John. He d. between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228. His widow m. 2ndly, Ralph de Mortimer, of Wigmore, who d. 6 Aug 1246, and was buried at Wigmore Abbey. She d. at Windsor in 1251. [Complete Peerage I:22]
  
  NOTE: The identity of Gwladus's mother is still a matter of debate. There is no clear contemporary evidence that her mother was Joan, and a daughter of Llewelyn and Joan could not have been aged more than about 9 in 1215. The only direct statements appear to come some centuries later. One strand of the later tradition does identify Gwladus's mother as Joan, but another says she was Llewelyn's mistress Tangwystl.
  
  [This question has been discussed by - among many others - Stewart Baldwin, Rosie Bevan, Ken Finton, Todd Farmerie, John P. Ravilious, Paul Reed, Douglas Richardson, Henry Sutliff, Nat Taylor and Brad Verity.] [Some Corrections and Additions to CP]
  
  ------------------------------------
  
  Let me make one final general observation. There was a definite and timely reason that Reginald de Broase married Gwladys Ddu in 1215. His brother Giles, Bishop of Hereford, rebelled as soon as he received a royal grant of 'his' patrimony and joined Llywelyn (as leader of the Welsh forces) in general rebellion against John (remember that this was also about the time the North of England, etc., rebelled against John). Reginald immediately joined his brother in marching on their patrimony in the Marches to secure it by force. To cement their alliance (Giles being a bishop and all), Reginald was married to a daughter of Prince Llywelyn. Her name happened to be Gwladys, the dark eyed.
  
  I would find it EXTRAORDINARILY coincidental if Gwladys just happened to be BARELY age twelve in 1215, when it was found expedient to marry her to Reginald. He was older, already experienced in the art of war and the ability to lead men. His elder deceased brother William was already father of four sons held as hostages by King John.
  
  I would be utterly amazed if we found that Gwladys was aged twelve in 1215. The cause of their marriage was not (as far as we know) a prearranged marriage contract that happened to coincide with political expediency--the marriage was a RESULT of the political events that occurred in 1215.
  
  After Reginald de Braose betrayed Llywelyn and became King John's man in 1217 [to give homage, one had to be in the actmacl presence of the King], and his nephew John de Braose was released in 1218, Llywelyn found a ready ally in the younger John, who was attempting to get his rightful inheritance from Reginald (who was in possession of most of it), in 1218, Llywelyn, out of political expediency, married his daughter Margared to this John.
  
  Thus, if the marriage between Gwladys and Reginald was the result of political events, and they had not been heatedly awaiting her birthday so that they could be wed in a full and legal manner that would be permanent--rather than something that could be easily broken (or at least broken with some effort and complicity)--I would conclude it is most likely that Gwladys was actually older than twelve years old in 1215. Does that seem reasonable? [Paul C Reed, 30 Nov 2001, soc.genealogy.medieval]
  
  __________________
  
  Some Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage, www.uk-genealogy.org.uk/cp/index.shtml, Page: I:22:
  Not a daughter of Joan, but of Llewellyn's mistress Tangwystl.
  
  ______________________
  
  Received lands of Knighton & Norton from mother Joan Plantagenet, proving the connection. [Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.medieval, at groups - google.com, Douglas Richardson, 15 Dec 2002]
  
  _______________________________
  
  1st husband Reginald De Braose (Breos)
  2nd husband Ralph (Roger) De Mortimer
  
  Burke's Guide to the Royal family states the 2nd husband was Roger De Mortimer, yet the IGI states that it was Ralph, as does Sanders. The death date of Ralph matches the death date that Burke's Guide gives for Roger, so Ralph will be the accepted husband. The IGI and Cokayne also state that Ralph married Gwladus Ddu Llewelyn.
  
  Foster, Cokayne and Sanders has her mother as Princess Joan, daughter of King John, the other wife of Llewelyn.
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition L 27-28, 132C-29.
  
  === All the daughters of Llewelyn, with the ===
  All the daughters of Llewelyn, with the exception of Gwladys, have been accepted by Major Francis Jones, the best known authority of Welsh pedigrees, based upon British Museum Manuscript Add. 15041, folio 12a which shows Joan to be the mother of David, Gwenlian, Angharad and Margaret See Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., "A Further Note of Joan of Wales," The American Genealogist, Vol, 41, 1965, pg. 99.
  
  === Source: Please cite original sources.
  C ===
  Source: Please cite original sources.
  Compiled by: J. K. Loren
  
  === !BIR-MAR-DEA: Bk, Medieval Knight by Ste ===
  !BIR-MAR-DEA: Bk, Medieval Knight by Stephen Turnbull.
  
  === Sources: A. Roots 27, 132C, 176; AF; Kra ===
  Sources: A. Roots 27, 132C, 176; AF; Kraentzler 1097, 1126; Norr,Dictionary of National Biography; Kings and Queens of Britain; Pargeter;A History of the Morgan Family; Powys Fadog; The Reckoning by Sharon KayPenman. Other spellings: Gladusa Duy and Gladys Dhu. Norr says she was termed "dark-eyed." Widow of Reynold de Braiose (Reginald de Braose). Could havebeen the daughter of a woman other than Joan, Dictionary says. Norr alsocalls her a stepdaughter of Joan and half-sister of Davydd. Roots: Gladys Dhu, widow of Reynold de Braiose, m. 1230 Ralph deMortimer. Seventh edition says she was the daughter of Llewelyn's mistressTangwystl, not daughter of Joan of England as listed in earlier editionand by others. K: Gladusa Duy verch Llewelyn. Pargeter: Gladys. K&Q says this couple ancestors of Edward IV. Powys Fadog: Gwladys Ddu, relict of Reginald de Braose, Lord ofBrecknock, and daughter of Llywellyn, Prince of Wales, who gave her, as her dower,all his lands in Ceri and Cydewain and all the castles and forts in bothlordships. Penman: Gwladys, the mother of Roger de Mortimer. Called Gwladys Dhuin tribute to her dark coloring. SOURCES: 1. Ancestral File (AFN:91QG-H5). This individual has the following other parents in the AncestralFile: Llewellyn /LLEWELLYN/ (AFN:91QG-JB) and Joan, Of /ENGLAND/ (AFN:8XJ8-0X)
  
  === The Dictionary of National Biography ind ===
  The Dictionary of National Biography indicated Gwenllian, child No. 3, married William de Lacy and was the daughter of LLewelyn by Tanglwyst. Some of the less reliable sources indicate she was the daughter of LLewelyn by Joan, Princess of England and that she married Robert de Lacy. Se also notation on the family group record of the above gwladys with her first husband, Reginald de Braose.
  
  === Some History from Medlands ===
  From Medlands:
  
  http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#Gwladusdied1251 (daughter of Llewellyn ap Iowerth and unknown misress)
  
  GWLADUS Ddu ("the Black") (-Windsor 1251). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Reginaldus frater eius” (referring to “Ægidius Herefordensis episcopus”) married “Leulini Regis Walliæ…filiam” in 1216[277]. Henry III King of England granted protection to "Gwladosa filia…[L.] principis [Norwallie] que fuit uxor Reginaldi de Brausa" dated [May] 1229, issued at the same time as letters of protection to her brother David[278]. Henry III King of England granted safe passage to "David filium L. principis Norwallier in veniendo ad regem ad faciendum ei homagium suum, et sororem ipsius David" dated 5 Sep 1229[279]. It is likely that this unnamed sister of David was Gwladus, coming to England with her brother before her second marriage. The Annals of Worcester record that “Radulphus de Mortuomari” married “filiam Lewelini, conjugem quondam Reginaldi de Breusa” in 1230[280]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Radulphus” married “Lewelinus princeps…Gwladusam Duy filiam suam”, who brought her husband “omnibus terries de Kery et Kedewyn”[281]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1251 of "Gladus filia domini Lewelini" at Windsor[282]. m firstly ([1215/16]) as his second wife, REYNOLD de Briouse, son of WILLIAM [III] de Briouse & his wife Mathilde de Saint-Valéry Dame de la Haye (-[5 May 1227/9 Jun 1228]). He succeeded in 1215 as Lord of Abergavenny[283]. m secondly (1230) RALPH de Mortimer of Wigmore, son of ROGER de Mortimer & his wife Isabel de Ferrers (-6 Aug 1246, bur Wigmore).
  
  http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL2.htm
  
  RALPH Mortimer of Wigmore (-6 Aug 1246, bur Wigmore). A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Radulphus frater eius” succeeded on the death of “Hugo”, adding that he was born from his father´s second marriage, built “duo castra…Kevencles et Knoclas”, died “VIII Id Aug 1247” and was buried “in abbathia de Wygemore”[286]. "Ralph de Mortimer" made a fine "for having seisin of the lands formerly of Hugh de Mortimer, his brother", dated [Nov] 1227[287]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1246 of "Radulphus de Mortuo Mari"[288]. m (1230) as her second husband, GWLADUS Ddu ("Dark-eyed"), widow of REYNOLD de Briouse, illegitimate daughter of LLYWELLYN ap Iorwerth Fawr ("the Great") Prince of Wales & his mistress --- (-Windsor 1251). The Annals of Worcester record that “Radulphus de Mortuomari” married “filiam Lewelini, conjugem quondam Reginaldi de Breusa” in 1230[289]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Radulphus” married “Lewelinus princeps…Gwladusam Duy filiam suam”, who brought her husband “omnibus terries de Kery et Kedewyn”[290]. Ralph & his wife had five children
  
  === Llywelyn did not marry Joan until 1205 a ===
  Llywelyn did not marry Joan until 1205 at the EARLIEST, or 1206, if you believe more detailed sources. Llywelyn did not receive the final (third) letter from the Pope declaring his betrothal to the daughter of the King of Man to be void until 1205. Giving a year for conception and birth, if one assumed Gwladys were daughter of Joan, she could not have been born earlier than 1206 or 1207. If she were older than eight or nine years old in 1215, she could not have been daughter of Joan. As I stated before, the marriage to Reginald de Braose in 1215 was one of political expediency, and not one where the were waiting for the girl to come of age (so to speak). You'd be relying heavily on the coincidence that Gwladys happened to be in that very narrow range between seven (before which age she could not even have been betrothed) and eight, or nine. Then we have Joan's son and heir David being born BY 1208 (gave homage in 1229). If Joan were indeed married in 1206, and David born in 1208 (he cannot have been born later if the law was followed), that is an awfully tight squeeze to put Gwladys's coincidental birth there. I still think the claim that Gwladys was daughter of Joan, and that she therefore MUST have been born in 1207--not before, not after--is doubtful. "Paul C. Reed" In answer to your question, there was a clear and unambigious statement that Gladys Dhu was the daughter of Llywelyn and Joan in the chronicle of Adam of Usk. Adam knew the Mortimer family and presumably had access to their archives. While Adam is a late date witness and not altogether reliable, he is rather emphatic that Gladys was Joan's daughter. As for another late date testimony of the Mortimer family's descent from Llywelyn, I find the Visitation of the North prepared c. 1480-1500 states that "Roger [recte Ralph] Mortemer duxit Gladiswiscam filiam principis Wallie." [Reference: Surtees Society, vol. 144, published 1930, pg. 3. Presumably the point of reciting the exten ded Mortimer pedigree back to Prince Llywelyn is because the English descendants of the Mortimer family c. 1480-1500 believed that Gladys was the legitimate daughter of Prince Llywelyn, by his wife, Joan. Adam of Usk and the Visitation of the North aside, I believe the best evidence of Gladys Dhu's parentage is the fact that Gladys' father, Llywelyn, released two castles which he had in free marriage with his wife, Joan, to Gladys' husband, Ralph de Mortimer. I posted a transcript of Llywelyn's charter to Ralph de Mortimer on the newsgroup. If you need help finding the transcript, please let me know. Best always, Douglas Richardson, Salt Lake City, Utah E-mail: royalancestry@msn.com If I read this right are you saying that as there was an ongoing dispute with the Mortimers over Knighton and Norton, Llywelyn may have decided to cut his losses and give away the properties with Gwladys. The pragmatic value of such an act would have overridden the issue of her maternity. It is my understanding that legally Llywellyn could have given the properties away with the consent of Joan, anyway. Also in 1229, Gwladys Dhu accompanied her brother as widow of Reginald de Braose for the purpose of negotiations in London for her to become bride of Ralph Mortimer? If this is the case, we cannot draw any conclusions about her maternity from this event. Cheers Rosie "Rosie Bevan" Two major pieces of evidence point to Joan as being Gladys' mother. [GMacGen@aol.com] Giles tells us that Peter C. Bartrum's _Welsh Genealogies_ [table Gruffudd ap Cynan 4] gives the mother of Gwladys Ddu as Tangwystl. Here is what is shown in Peter C. Bartrum's Welsh Genealogies, page 446, Gruffudd ap Cynan 4: Iorwerth Drwyndwn ab Owain Gwynedd m Margred f. Madog (Bl ap C 3) | Llywelyn d. 1240 (1) Joan d. King John m. 1205 (a) Tangwystl f. Llywarch Goch (LL. Ho. 1) | Gwladus Ddu d. 1251 (1) Reginald de Braose d. 1228 (2) Ralph II Mortimer d. 1246 Kenneth Harper Finton Editor and Pub lisher THE PLANTAGENET CONNECTION __________________________________________ HT Communications / PO Box 1401 / Arvada CO 80001 VOICE: 303-420-4888 FAX: 303-420-4845 http://HTCommunications.org/homepage.htm KHF333@AOL.com
  
  === !BIRTH-DEATH: The Plantagenet Connection ===
  !BIRTH-DEATH: The Plantagenet Connection, April 1994 also known as "Gladys the Black" Princess of Wales !Royal Ancestors of Magna Carta Barons, by Carr Collins Known as "The Dark Eyed One"
  
  === !Complete Peerage 942.D22cok V9 Apparent ===
  !Complete Peerage 942.D22cok V9 Apparently, according to Complete Peerage, there are other children--at least sons. Gladys was the natural child of Mistress Tangwystl
  
  === Most of the information on Kings & Queen ===
  Most of the information on Kings & Queens of Scotland, Ireland, Wales,England and other parts of the British Isles & Europe and on the variousRoyal & Noble families in this family tree has come from one or more ofthe following sources: BURKE'S Genealogical and Heraldic History of the PEERAGE BARONETAGE ANDKNIGHTAGE. Edited by Peter Townend. Burke's Peerage Limited, London "Burke's Peerage" popular name. Also information from Burke's Landed Gentry Burke's Peerage Limited, London Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage, ISBN: 0312125577 Debrett's Peerage Ltd 86/88 Edgware Road London W2 2YW For further information on Debrett's e-mail people@debretts.co.uk Phone # +44 (0)171 916 9633. http://www.debretts.co.uk/index.html Directory of Royal Genealogical Data (Edinburgh Mirror) http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk/~bct/public/genealogy/royal/ Version: 29 Jul 99 Author: Brian Tompsett Back: Royal and Noble genealogy Copyright (c) 1994 - 1999 This is part of Royal and Noble Genealogical Data on the Web at http://www.dcs.hull.ac.uk/public/genealogy/gedcom.html, Royal Genealogies -- Menu http://ftp.cac.psu.edu/~saw/royal/royalgen.html Denis R. Reid 149 Kimrose Lane Broadview Heights, Ohio 44147-1258 Internet Email address: ah189@cleveland.freenet.edu (216) 237-5364 Burke's possibly now published or distributed by Almanach De Gotha Ltd, 9 Cork Street,Mayfair, London, W1X 1PD United Kingdom. Tel (UK) 0181 404 2489 (International) +44(0) 181 404 2489 http://www.almanachdegotha.com/main_page.htm
  
  === http://freespace.virgin.net/doug.thompso ===
  http://freespace.virgin.net/doug.thompson/BraoseWeb/Gwladus.htm
  
  [jweber.ged]
  He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, Gwladus Du, daughter of Llewelyn
  ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales, by his 2nd wife Joan, illegitimate
  daughter of King John. He d. between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228. His
  widow m. 2ndly, Ralph de Mortimer, of Wigmore, who d. 6 Aug 1246, and was
  buried at Wigmore Abbey. She d. at Windsor in 1251. [Complete Peerage
  I:22]
  NOTE: The identity of Gwladus's mother is still a matter of debate. There
  is noclear contemporary evidence that her mother was Joan, and a
  daughter of Llewelyn and Joan could not have been aged more than about 9
  in 1215. The only direct statements appear to come some centuries later.
  One strand of the later tradition does identify Gwladus's mother as Joan,
  but another says she was Llewelyn's mistress Tangwystl.
  [This question has been discussed by - among manyothers - Stewart
  Baldwin, Rosie Bevan, Ken Finton, Todd Farmerie, John P. Ravilious, Paul
  Reed, Douglas Richardson, Henry Sutliff, Nat Taylor and Brad Verity.]
  [Some Corrections and Additions to CP]
  ------------------------------------
  Let me make one final general observation. There was a definite and
  timely reason that Reginald de Broase married Gwladys Ddu in 1215. His
  brother Giles, Bishop of Hereford, rebelled as soon as he received a
  royal grant of'his' patrimony and joined Llywelyn (as leader of the
  Welsh forces) in general rebellion against John (remember that this was
  also about the time the North of England, etc., rebelled against John).
  Reginald immediately joined hisbrother in marching on their patrimony in
  the Marches to secure it by force.To cement their alliance (Giles being
  a bishop and all), Reginald was married to a daughter of Prince
  Llywelyn. Her name happened to be Gwladys, the dark eyed.
  I would find it EXTRAORDINARILY coincidental if Gwladys just happenedto
  be BARELY age twelve in 1215, when it was found expedient to marry her to
  Reginald. He was older, already experienced in the art of war and the
  ability to lead men. His elder deceased brother William was already
  father of four sons held as hostages by King John.
  I would be utterly amazed if we found that Gwladys was aged twelve in
  1215. The cause of their marriage was not (asfar as we know) a
  prearranged marriage contract that happened to coincide with political
  expediency--the marriage was a RESULT of the political events that
  occurred in 1215.
  After Reginald de Braose betrayed Llywelyn and became King John's man in
  1217 [to give homage, one had to be in the actual presenceof the King],
  and his nephew John de Braose was released in 1218, Llywelyn found a
  ready ally in the younger John, who was attempting to get his rightful
  inheritance from Reginald (who was in possession of most of it), in 1218,
  Llywelyn, out of political expediency, married his daughter Margared to
  this John.
  Thus, if the marriage between Gwladys and Reginald was the result of
  political events, and they had not been heatedly awaiting her birthday so
  thatthey could be wed in a full and legal manner that would be
  permanent--ratherthan something that could be easily broken (or at least
  broken with some effort and complicity)--I would conclude it is most
  likely that Gwladys was actually older than twelve years old in 1215.
  Does that seem reasonable? [Paul CReed, 30 Nov 2001,
  soc.genealogy.medieval]
  
  !BIRTH-SPOUSE-CHILDREN: Ancestral File; ; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, CD-ROM dated 21 Aug 1992, Information submitted by...; St George Regional Family History Center/FamilySearch Home Field Trial, searched Jan 1995; according to notes, Gwladys was a 'Princess of North Wales'
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Nickname - Place: Also called the "Black" because of her dark clothing
  
  === Also called "the Black" because of her ===
  Also called "the Black" because of her dark coloring.
  
  === Name Suffix: Princess of North Wal ===
  Name Suffix: Princess of North Wales
  REFN: HWS5209
  Ancestral File Number: GLCF-TX
  OBJE: C:\LEGACY\PICTURES\C_PrinceSaintEmpire.GIF
  
  He [William de Briouze] m. 2ndly, 1215, Gwladus Du, daughter of Llewelynap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales, by his 2nd wife Joan, illegitimatedaughter of King John. He d. between 5 May 1227 and 9 June 1228. Hiswidow m. 2ndly, Ralph de Mortimer, of Wigmore, who d. 6 Aug 1246, and wasburied at Wigmore Abbey. She d. at Windsor in 1251. [Complete PeerageI:22]
  
  He [Ralph de Mortimer] married, in 1230, Gladys (Gladusa) Duy, orDark-eyed, daughter of Llewelyn AP JORWORTH, by his 2nd wife, Joan(illegitimate daughter of KiNG JOHN), and widow of Reynold DE BRAOSE[died June 1228). He died 6 August 1246, and was buried at Wigmore. Hiswidow died in 1251. [Complete Peerage IX:275-6, (transcribed by DaveUtzinger)]
  
  NOTE: The identity of Gwladus's mother is still a matter of debate. Thereis no clear contemporary evidence that her mother was Joan, and adaughter of Llewelyn and Joan could not have been aged more than about 9in 1215. The only direct statements appear to come some centuries later.One strand of the later tradition does identify Gwladus's mother as Joan,but another says she was Llewelyn's mistress Tangwystl.
  
  [This question has been discussed by - among many others - StewartBaldwin, Rosie Bevan, Ken Finton, Todd Farmerie, John P. Ravilious, PaulReed, Douglas Richardson, Henry Sutliff, Nat Taylor and Brad Verity.][Some Corrections and Additions to CP]
  
  ------------------------------------
  
  Let me make one final general observation. There was a definite andtimely reason that Reginald de Broase married Gwladys Ddu in 1215. Hisbrother Giles, Bishop of Hereford, rebelled as soon as he received aroyal grant of 'his' patrimony and joined Llywelyn (as leader of theWelsh forces) in general rebellion against John (remember that this wasalso about the time the North of England, etc., rebelled against John).Reginald immediately joined his brother in marching on their patrimony inthe Marches to secure it by force. To cement their alliance (Giles beinga bishop and all), Reginald was married to a daughter of PrinceLlywelyn. Her name happened to be Gwladys, the dark eyed.
  
  I would find it EXTRAORDINARILY coincidental if Gwladys just happened tobe BARELY age twelve in 1215, when it was found expedient to marry her toReginald. He was older, already experienced in the art of war and theability to lead men. His elder deceased brother William was alreadyfather of four sons held as hostages by King John.
  
  I would be utterly amazed if we found that Gwladys was aged twelve in1215. The cause of their marriage was not (as far as we know) aprearranged marriage contract that happened to coincide with politicalexpediency--the marriage was a RESULT of the political events thatoccurred in 1215.
  
  After Reginald de Braose betrayed Llywelyn and became King John's man in1217 [to give homage, one had to be in the actual presence of the King],and his nephew John de Braose was released in 1218, Llywelyn found aready ally in the younger John, who was attempting to get his rightfulinheritance from Reginald (who was in possession of most of it), in 1218,Llywelyn, out of political expediency, married his daughter Margared tothis John.
  
  Thus, if the marriage between Gwladys and Reginald was the result ofpolitical events, and they had not been heatedly awaiting her birthday sothat they could be wed in a full and legal manner that would bepermanent--rather than something that could be easily broken (or at leastbroken with some effort and complicity)--I would conclude it is mostlikely that Gwladys was actually older than twelve years old in 1215.Does that seem reasonable? [Paul C Reed, 30 Nov 2001,soc.genealogy.medieval]
  
  === !GENERAL:Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colon ===
  !GENERAL:Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To Ne w England Between 1623 And 1650 _PAREN: Y, Ancestral Roots Of Sixty Colonists Who Came To N ew England Between 1623 And 1650 _PAREN: Y, Weis, Frederick Lewis, Genealogical Publishing C o. Inc., 1992

• m. 1225 in Cwmaron Castle, Radnorshire, Wales

1. Roger de Mortimer, b. 1221     d. 27 OCT 1282
2. Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, b. ABT 1231 in Cwmaron Castle, Radnorshire, Wales     d. 30 OCT 1282 in Wigmore, Herefordshire, England
3. Hugh de Mortimer, b. ABT 1232 in of Wigmore, Herefordshire, England     d. BEF JUN 1273 in Chelmarsh, Bridgenorth, Shropshire, England

1. Title: "Brut y tywysogion: or, The chronicle of the princes," by Caradoc, of Llancarvan, edited by John Williams
   Author: Publication date: 1860 Topics: Welsh literature, English literature Publisher: London : Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts Collection: pimslibrary; toronto Digitizing sponsor: University of Toronto Contributor: PIMS - University of Toronto Language: Welsh
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/brutytywysogiono00cara/page/n9;
   Note: Good source, but there is not mention of any Idwallan son of Einon - need page # The second edition Ordnance Survey map (1899) shows ‘Pant Câd-Einion Site of Battle (A.D.982)’ at SS 9494 8059. This is absent from the first edition map of 1877. The battle was likely added on the basis of material found in the unreliable Gwentian Brutforged by Iolo Morgannwg in the 1790s. 982 Einion, son of Owain, went to Gorwennydd, where the action of Pencoed Colwynn took place (Owen, 35). How Pencoed Colwynn became Pant Câd-Einion is uncertain. (same source)
   Page: pg 337 Has her name, nickname, death year, spouse name, and relation to her father.
   
2. Title: Gwladys "Ddu" Ferch Llewelyn de Mortimer, Find a Grave
   Author: Linked from spouse
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/104260628/gwladys_ddu_ferch-de_mortimer;
   Note: BIRTH 5 Dec 1194 DEATH 1251 (aged 56–57) Windsor, Windsor and Maidenhead Royal Borough, Berkshire, England links to spouses and parents
   
3. Title: Gwladys Ddu Ferch Llewelyn De Mortimer, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLL-1NB4 : 11 January 2023), Gwladys Ddu Ferch Llewelyn De Mortimer, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 104260628, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLL-1NB4;
   
4. Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Lt
   Author: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Lt, I:22.
   Note: [PFT:AQ] [S:Titl] Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Lt [Page] I:22 [/PFT]
   
5. Title: Gwladys Ddu
   Author: On the webb - 'Live Journal', 'The Mother and daughters of Joan of Wales" (https://plantagenesta.livejournal.com).
   Note: This article provides a compelling arguments why Gwladys Ddu was the daughter of Joan of Wales and Llewlyn Fawr. Some of the points made include the fact Gwladys Ddu was heir to Joan's Manors.
   
6. Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Lt
   Author: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Lt, IX:275-6.
   Note: [PFT:AQ] [S:Titl] Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Lt [Page] IX:275-6 [/PFT]
   
7. Title: The Medieval Lands Project, "GWLADUS Ddu ("the Black") "
   Author: fmg.ac
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#Gwladusdied1251;
   Note: GWLADUS Ddu ("the Black") (-Windsor 1251). The Annals of Dunstable record that “Reginaldus frater eius” (referring to “Ægidius Herefordensis episcopus”) married “Leulini Regis Walliæ…filiam” in 1216[296]. Henry III King of England granted protection to "Gwladosa filia…[L.] principis [Norwallie] que fuit uxor Reginaldi de Brausa" dated [May] 1229, issued at the same time as letters of protection to her brother David[297]. Henry III King of England granted safe passage to "David filium L. principis Norwallier in veniendo ad regem ad faciendum ei homagium suum, et sororem ipsius David" dated 5 Sep 1229[298]. It is likely that this unnamed sister of David was Gwladus, coming to England with her brother before her second marriage. The Annals of Worcester record that “Radulphus de Mortuomari” married “filiam Lewelini, conjugem quondam Reginaldi de Breusa” in 1230[299]. A manuscript narrating the foundation of Wigmore Abbey records that “Radulphus” married “Lewelinus princeps…Gwladusam Duy filiam suam”, who brought her husband “omnibus terries de Kery et Kedewyn”[300]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1251 of "Gladus filia domini Lewelini" at Windsor[301]. m firstly ([1215/16]) as his second wife, REYNOLD de Briouse, son of WILLIAM [III] de Briouse & his wife Mathilde de Saint-Valéry Dame de la Haye (-[5 May 1227/9 Jun 1228]). He succeeded in 1215 as Lord of Abergavenny[302]. m secondly (1230) RALPH [II] de Mortimer of Wigmore, son of ROGER [III] de Mortimer & his [second] wife Isabel de Ferrers (-6 Aug 1246, bur Wigmore).
   
8. Title: Some Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage, www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/index.shtml
   Author: Some Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage, www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/index.shtml, I:22.
   Note: "Not a daughter of Joan, but of Llewellyn's mistress Tangwystl." [PFT:AQ] [S:Titl] Some Corrections and Additions to the Complete Peerage, www.medievalgenealogy.org.uk/cp/index.shtml [Page] I:22 [Text] Not a daughter of Joan, but of Llewellyn's mistress Tangwystl. [/PFT]