Henry III King of England

• Preferred Name: Henry III King of England^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: 20 NOV 1272 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England at LATI: N1.4994 LONG: E0.1275
  
• Affiliation: with note: Description: House of Plantagenet
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Duke of AquitaineBET 1216 AND 1272
  
• Death: 16 NOV 1272 in Palace of Westminster, Westminster, England at LATI: N1.4994 LONG: E0.1248
  
• Occupation: crowned King17 MAY 1220 in Westminster Abbey, London, England. at LATI: N1.4994 LONG: E0.1275
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Lord of IrelandBET 1216 AND 1272
  
• Birth: 1 OCT 1207 in Winchester, Hampshire, England at LATI: N1.0629 LONG: E1.3148 with note: The birth was non-standardized so I changed it to be more acceptable (AKA Standardized)
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of EnglandBET 1216 AND 1272
  
• FSID: 9SS7-5BT
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Name: King Henry III
  Born: October 1, 1207 at Winchester
  Parents: King John and Isabella of Angouleme
  House of: Plantagenet
  Ascended to the throne: October 18, 1216 aged 9 years
  Crowned: October 28, 1216 at Gloucester and May 17, 1220 at Westminster Abbey
  
  Married: Eleanor of Provence on 14 January 1236 at Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, England. She was the daughter Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence, and Beatrice of Savoy.
  Children: Six sons including Edward I, and three daughters:
  1. Edward I (b. 17/18 June 1239 - d. 7 July 1307)
  2. Margaret (b. 29 September 1240 - d. 26 February 1275)
  3. Beatrice (b. 25 June 1242 - d. 24 March 1275)
  4. Edmund (16 January 1245 - d. 5 June 1296)
  5. Katherine or Catherine (b. 25 November 1253 - d. 3 May 1257)
  
  Early writers gave Henry III up to nine children. However, a detailed study of the primary records shows that only five can be documented. The other four do not appear in any records before the fifteenth century. The household records, Church records and contemporaneous writers are so detailed as to make it near certain the other four did not exist, even if they died early in infancy. The four children who are no longer thought exist but may be found in older records are:
  Richard Plantagenet. Said to have been born about 1247 and to have died 29 August 1250. There is no contemporary evidence of his birth, his death or even of his existence.
  John Plantagenet. Said to have been born 1252 and to have died 31 August 1252. There is no contemporary evidence of his birth, his death or even of his existence.
  William Plantagenet. Said to have died in 1259. There is no contemporary evidence of his birth, his death or even of his existence.
  Henry Plantagenet. Said to have been born May 1260 and to have died 10 October 1260. There is no contemporary evidence of his birth, his death or even of his existence.
  Henry had no illegitimate children. However, he is sometimes given given additional children. There is no evidence to support any of the claims. These include:
  Walter de Hales - This is perhaps an internet error as Walter de Hales was contemporaneous with King John.
  Lawrence Cornwall - A confusion with the Lawrence Cornwall who was an illegitimate son of Richard Cornwall by Joan Valletort.
  Philip DeSancto Austolo - Another possible illegitimate son of Richard Cornwall. He is sometimes said to be equivalent to Philip Cornwall. Whether he existed or not, he does not belong attached to Henry III.
  
  Died: November 16, 1272 at Westminster, aged 65 years, 1 month, and 16 days
  Buried at: Westminster Abbey
  Reigned for: 56 years, and 29 days
  Succeeded by: his son Edward
  --------
  King of England from 1216, when he succeeded John, but the royal powers were exercised by a regency until 1232, and by two French nobles, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, until the barons forced their expulsion in 1234, marking the start of Henry's personal rule. His financial commitments to the papacy and his foreign favourites antagonized the barons who issued the Provisions of Oxford in 1258, limiting the king's power. Henry's refusal to accept the provisions led to the second Barons' War in 1264, a revolt of nobles led by his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort. Henry was defeated at Lewes, Sussex, and imprisoned, but restored to the throne after the royalist victory at Evesham in 1265. He was succeeded by his son Edward I.
  
  On his release Henry was weak and senile and his eldest son, Edward, took charge of the government.
  ------
  Timeline for King Henry III
  Year Event
  1216 Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal
  1217 The French lose the battles of Lincoln and Dover and are driven back to France
  1220 Building of Salisbury cathedral begun
  1222 De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the French king Louis Vlll’s claim to the throne
  1227 Henry takes full control of the government of England, but retains de Burgh as his main adviser
  1232 Hubert de Burgh is dismissed as adviser
  1236 Henry marries Eleanor of Provence
  1237 The Treaty of York with Alexander II of Scotland agrees the border between England and Scotland
  1238 Simon de Montfort marries Henry’s sister, Eleanor
  1240 Henry's Great Council is called 'Parliament' for the first time
  1245 Henry lays the foundation stone for the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey
  1258 The English barons, led by de Montfort, rebel against Henry’s misgovernment. They present a list of grievances to Henry, who signs the Provisions of Oxford, which limit royal power
  1261 Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford
  1264 The Baron’s War breaks out. De Montfort defeats Henry at Lewes. Henry is captured.
  1265 Simon de Montfort summons the first directly elected English Parliament
  1265 Some of the barons break their alliance with de Montfort and, led by Prince Edward, kill him at the Battle of Evesham
  1266 The Dictum of Kenilworth restores Henry's authority and annuls the Provisions of Oxford
  1267 In the Treaty of Montgomery, Henry recognizes Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as ruler of Wales
  1272 Henry III dies in the Palace of Westminster
  
  https://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=henry3
  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  FIND A GRAVE:
  English Monarch. Born in Winchester eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angouleme. Henry was only nine when his father died in 1216 and he became King of a rebellious nation. A series of regencies ruled in his place until 1234, when Henry assumed power. Order had been restored during the regency, based on the acceptance of Magna Carta which had curtailed the King’s power over his nobles.
  
  Henry married Eleanor of Provence in 1236 and with her had at least two sons and three daughters. In 1230 and 1242 misguided attempts to win back territory in France that had been lost by his father ended in failure. Eventually he was forced to sign away Normandy, Maine, Poitou, Touraine and Anjou. Henry's reign was also marked by civil strife, as the English barons demanded more say in the running of the kingdom. The Provisions of Oxford in 1258 and the Provisions of Westminster in 1259 were attempts by the nobility to define the Magna Carta, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry tried to out maneuver his nobles by obtaining papal absolution from his oaths. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1262 and civil war broke out. The barons, under the leadership of the King’s brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, forced Henry to accept a program of reform. The struggle with his nobles eventually led to the Battle of Lewes in 1264 where the king and his son were captured and imprisoned.
  
  In May 1265 Henry’s son, Prince Edward Longshanks, escaped captivity and rallied his forces, defeating and killing de Montfort at Evesham before taking control of government from his father. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough in 1267, in which the king promised to uphold Magna Carta. The rest of Henry’s reign was occupied by resolving the civil problems created by the rebellion.
  
  Bio by: Iola Children : https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Plantagenet-167
  
  Find A Grave Record added: Jan 01, 2001 Find A Grave Memorial# 1954 English Monarch. Born in Winchester eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angouleme. Henry was only nine when his father died in 1216 and he became King of a rebellious nation. A series of regencies ruled in his place until 1234, when Henry assumed power. Order had been restored during the regency, based on the acceptance of Magna Carta which had curtailed the King’s power over his nobles. Henry married Eleanor of Provence in 1236 and with her had at least two sons and three daughters. In 1230 and 1242 misguided attempts to win back territory in France that had been lost by his father ended in failure. Eventually he was forced to sign away Normandy, Maine, Poitou, Touraine and Anjou. Henry's reign was also marked by civil strife, as the English barons demanded more say in the running of the kingdom. The Provisions of Oxford in 1258 and the Provisions of Westminster in 1259 were attempts by the nobility to define the Magna Carta, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry tried to out maneuver his nobles by obtaining papal absolution from his oaths. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1262 and civil war broke out. The barons, under the leadership of the King’s brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, forced Henry to accept a program of reform. The struggle with his nobles eventually led to the Battle of Lewes in 1264 where the king and his son were captured and imprisoned. In May 1265 Henry’s son, Prince Edward Longshanks, escaped captivity and rallied his forces, defeating and killing de Montfort at Evesham before taking control of government from his father. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough in 1267, in which the king promised to uphold Magna Carta. The rest of Henry’s reign was occupied by resolving the civil problems created by the rebellion. (bio by: Iola)
  LESS
  
  Henry III, King of England 1206-1272
  Henry III
  King of England
  1206-1272
  
  Henry III of England
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  
  Henry III of Winchester
  
  . Unfortunately, it is titled Edward
  Reign18 October 1216 -- 16 November 1272
  
  === note ===
  Henry III, King of England[William Orcutt.FTW]
  Line 16007: (New PAF RIN=1368) 1 BURI 2 PLAC Westminster Abbey,,,
  Sources: Dict of Natl Biog, Eng Pub A V6 p597, V17 p179,180, V26 p12-31; Royal
  Dau of England Eng 120 V1 p60, 120-9; Scots Peerage, Scot 2b V1 p6; Tab Souv.
  Gen France 22 Tab 31,46,51; Burke's Peerage, Eng P 1949, pref p253-4;
  Plantagenet Ancestry Eng 116; Espolin (GS#12462 pt1 p98-9.
  Claim that Henry III and Eleanor had a Dau named Mary not substantiated See Eng.
  120). No positive evidence that they had a son named Robert either, alto some
  temple work done for each (Mary sealed 18 May 1933; Robert 14 Mar 1938).
  [Aedd Mawr.FTW]
  
  [Brøderbund WFT Vol. 21, Ed. 1, Tree #2452, Date of Import: Feb 27, 2000]
  
  Henry III, Eldest son of John; born October 1, 1207. at Winchester; married Eleanor of Provence, January 14, 1236. After his death she became a nun, and she died June 24, 1291. He died November 16, 1272, at St. Edmundsbury, Crowned October 28, 1216 (age 9 years). Buried at Westminister Abby, which he had finished.
  
  pg 3, "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists" by Frederick Lewis Weiss, 6th Edition
  
  pg lii, Burkes's "Peerage etc", 1970 edition
  
  pg 4, "The Plantagenet Ancestry" by W.H. Turton, published 1928
  
  Please tell me about ANY errors, as this data base is constantly improving. If the name you want is not in this data base, I don't have it.
  
  SURNAME: Also shown as HENRY
  
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as King III
  
  SURNAME: Also shown as PLANTAGENET
  
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry
  
  SURNAME: Also shown as KING ENGLAND
  
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry
  
  BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Nov 1272
  
  SUFFIX: Also shown as III
  
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry III of England
  
  === !#21> Complete Peerage-v1-p356,-v2-p421, ===
  !#21> Complete Peerage-v1-p356,-v2-p421,-v3-p168,-v4pt1-p200fn(f),-v5-p705, -v7-p378,-v10-p813, (FHL 942 D22cok); #189> Scots Peerage-v1-p6,-v2-p423,430, (FHL 941 D22p) ; #240> Peerage, (Collins,Brydges)-v1-p40, (FHL 942 D22be); !AF: BAPT-END-SP-SS> AFN:8XJ5ZJ;
  
  === King of England Burke's Peerage and Baro ===
  King of England Burke's Peerage and Baronetage Debrettes Kings and Queens p. 69
  
  === !Was only nine at his accession to the t ===
  !Was only nine at his accession to the throne in 1216. !In 1264 The Baron's War broke out and Henry is defeated by de Montfort at Lewes. !In 1265 Henry's son, Prince Edward defeated de Montfort and the King reassumed control of the government until his death in 1272.
  
  === !SOURCES: 1. Dict. of Nat'l Biog., Eng. ===
  !SOURCES: 1. Dict. of Nat'l Biog., Eng. Pub. A, v. 6, p. 597, v. 17, p. 179, 180, v. 26, p. 12-31 2. Royal Dau of Eng., Eng. 120, v. 1, p. 60, 120-29 3. Scots Peerage, Scot 2b, v. 1, p. 6 4. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 31, 46, 51 5. Burke's Peerage, Eng. P, 1949, pref. p. 253-54 6. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116 7. Espolin (GS #12462 pt 1, p. 98-99) !RESEARCH NOTES: 1. The claim that the above couple had a dau. Mary cannot be accepted (See Eng. 120). Possibly this has been misconstrued with the Mary, possible dau. of Edmund "Crouchback", and therefore granddaughter of Henry III. On the suppositionthat Mary was the dau. of Henry III, she was erroneously sealed to the above couple on 18 May 1933. Ordinance work for a supposed son Robert was also erroneously done, and he was sealed to this couple on 14 Mar 1938; however, there is no positive evidence that Henry III had a son Robert.
  
  === Came to the throne at the age of nine w ===
  Came to the throne at the age of nine when his father hel d only western and southwestern England and a barrier of mi dland castles against the rebel barons and Prince Louis o f France who held London, the southeast and the north. He w as crowned in the west at Gloucester Cathedral. William Mar shall, Earl of Pembroke, became regent and reconquered Engl and for the boy King. King Henry III assumed control of the realm while still und erage and throughout his long reign engaged in one foolis h incompetent or extravagant adventure after the other. Whe n Henry turned to the barons for money they responded wit h demands that led to the first written constitution in Eng lish history: the Provisions of Oxford,which required tha t Henry govern solely on the advice of a privy council.
  
  === !SOURCE: ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF SIXTY COLON ===
  !SOURCE: ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF SIXTY COLONISTS WHO CAME TO AMERICA BETWEEN 1623 AND 1650, 6TH ED 1988, PG 3 LINE 1-27, PG 23, LINE 17-27 !SOURCE: FAMILY GROUP SHEET SUBMITTED BY BRIAN M. LEESE
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition L 1-27
  
  === !Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charle ===
  !Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants Page 117; 183 Plantagenet Royal Ancestry LDS Family History Library Some Colonial Dames of Royal Descent Page 9; 155; 181 Americans of Royal Descent page 9 In the ensuing civil war, Simon de Montfort, Henry III, brother-in-law, captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward I, at the battle of Lewes in Sussex on 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed at the battle of Evesham on 4 Aug. 1265 by Henry's son, the future King Edward I who assumed effective control of the government.
  
  === !Henry III, King of England, 1216-1272; ===
  !Henry III, King of England, 1216-1272; b. Winchester, 1 Oct . 1207; d. Westminster, 15 or 16 Jun 1272; m. 14 Jan. 1236/7, Eleanor of Provence b. 1217; d. Amesbury, 24 or 25 Jun 1291. (CP V 736; CCN 356,494; DNB xxvi, 12; svii, 179). rasc 1-27 John's death in 1216 left his nine-year-old son, Henry III, as king to rule for fifty-six years. He proved to be a poor king, for he was subservient to the papacy, and allowed papal exploitation of England; he supported extravaganly such foreign enterprises as seeking the Sicilian crown for his son, aiding his brother Richard of Cornwall in his efforts to gain the crown of the Holy Roman Empire, and patronizing several large groups of foreign relatives and favoriets of his French wife. From the turmoil in his reign emerged the beginning of the English Parliament. Ref:Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry, intro pg xx. Henry III had few of the personal qualities required to command respect or guarantee the smooth functioning of the apparatus of state. Unmartial, untrustworthy, childishly fickle and prone to petulance, he alienated enemies and advisers alike. However, in some respects he redeemed himself as a ruler by patronizing the arts, and inspiring the improvements to Westminster Abbey and the construction of Salisbury Cathedral.
  
  === Source: David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestr ===
  Source: David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry of 17th Century Colonists, (Genealogical Publishing Company, 1996, Baltimore), 225:15, [2] Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots, Seventh Edition, Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, [1992], 1-27. Born: 1207 Died: 1272 Parents: John and Isabella of Angouleme Significant Siblings: Henry, Geoffrey, Richard Spouse: Eleanor of Provence Significant Offspring: Edward, Edmund Contemporaries: Simon de Montfort, William the Marshall, Hugh de Burgh, Peter des Roches (Bishop of Winchester). Henry III, the first monarch to be crowned in his minority, inherited the throne at age nine. His reign began immersed in the rebellion created by his father, King John. London and most of the southeast were in the hands of the French Dauphin Louis and the northern regions were under the control of rebellious barons - only the midlands and southwest were loyal to the boy king. The barons, however, rallied under Henry's first regent, William the Marshall, and expelled the French Dauphin in 1217. William the Marshall governed until his death in 1219; Hugh de Burgh, the last of the justiciars to rule with the power of a king, governed until Henry came to the throne in earnest at age twenty-five. A variety of factors coalesced in Henry's reign to plant the first seeds of English nationalism. Throughout his minority, the barons held firm to the ideal of written restrictions on royal authority and reissued Magna Carta several times. The nobility wished to bind the king to same feudal laws under which they were held. The emerging class of free men also demanded the same protection from the king's excessive control. Barons, nobility, and free men began viewing England as a community rather than a mere aggregation of independent manors, villages, and outlying principalities. In addition to the restrictions outlined in Magna Carta, the barons asked to be consulted in matters of state and called together as a Great Council. Viewing themselves as the natural counselors of the king, they sought control over the machinery of government, particularly in the appointment of chief government positions. The Exchequer and the Chancery were separated from the rest of the government to decrease the king's chances of ruling irresponsibly. Nationalism, such as it was at this early stage, manifested in the form of opposition to Henry's actions. He infuriated the barons by granting favors and appointments to foreigners rather than the English nobility. Peter des Roches, the Bishop of Winchester and Henry's prime educator, introduced a number of Frenchmen from Poitou into the government; many Italians entered into English society through Henry's close ties to the papacy. His reign coincided with an expansion of papal power and the Church became, in effect, a massive European monarchy. The Church became as creative as it was excessive in extorting money from England. England was expected to assume a large portion of financing the myriad officials employed throughout Christendom as well as providing employment and parishes for Italians living abroad. Henry's acquiescence to the demands of Rome initiated a backlash of protest from his subjects: laymen were denied opportunity to be nominated for vacant ecclesiastical offices and clergymen lost any chance of advancement. Matters came to a head in 1258. Henry levied extortionate taxes to pay for debts incurred through war with Wales, failed campaigns in France, and an extensive program of ecclesiastical building. Inept diplomacy and military defeat led Henry to sell his hereditary claims to all the Angevin possessions in France except Gascony. When he assumed the considerable debts of the papacy in its fruitless war with Sicily, his barons demanded sweeping reforms and the king was in no position to offer resistance. Henry was forced to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, a document placing the barons in virtual control of the realm. A council of fifteen men, comprised of both the king's supporters and detractors, effected a situation whereby Henry could nothing without the council's knowledge and consent. The magnates handled every level of government with great unity initially but gradually succumbed to petty bickering; the Provisions of Oxford remained in force for only years. Henry reasserted his authority and denied the Provisions, resulting in the outbreak of civil war in 1264. Edward, Henry's eldest son, led the king's forces with the opposition commanded by Simon de Montfort, Henry's brother-in-law. At the Battle of Lewes, in Sussex, de Montfort defeated Edward and captured both king and son - and found himself in control of the government. Simon de Montfort held absolute power after subduing Henry but was a champion of reform. The nobility supported him because of his royal ties and belief in the Provisions of Oxford. De Montfort, with two close associates, selected a council of nine (whose function was similar to the earlier council of fifteen) and ruled in the king's name. De Montfort recognized the need to gain the backing of smaller landowners and prosperous townsfolk: in 1264, he summoned knights from each shire in addition to the normal high churchmen and nobility to an early pre-Parliament, and in 1265 invited burgesses from selected towns. Although Parliament as an institution was yet to be formalized, the latter session was a precursor to both the elements of Parliament: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Later in 1265, de Montfort lost the support of one of the most powerful barons, the Earl of Gloucester, and Edward also managed to escape. The two gathered an army and defeated de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire. de Montfort was slain and Henry was released; Henry resumed control of the throne but, for the remainder of his reign, Edward exercised the real power of the throne in his father's stead. The old king, after a long reign of fifty-six years, died in 1272. Although a failure as a politician and soldier, his reign was significant for defining the English monarchical position until the end of the fifteenth century: kingship limited by law. Britannia.com
  
  === !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain Ame ===
  !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700, by Frederick Lewis Weis, 7th Ed, With Additions and Corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., (1992) 1-27. King of England 1216-1272.
  
  === MCS 161-13; C 1-27; CPXII 396-401. ===
  MCS 161-13; C 1-27; CPXII 396-401.
  
  === "Henry III, who ruled for 56 years, grew ===
  "Henry III, who ruled for 56 years, grew into a pious, gentle man, a patron of the religious arts, shrewd rather than subtle, imbued with concern for the image of the monarchy, but, even as an adult, unable to transmute that concern into the effective political action which was essential to successful medieval kingship. Like his father, he found it hard to gain or keep the trust of his barons, and, also like his father, became involved in bitter conflict with them. His problems were compounded by the English failure to recapture the lost Plantagenet dominions, despite immense financial outlay." {-"The Plantagenet Chronicles," Elizabeth Hallam (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1986, p. 323.)} His story is well told in the popular historical novel by Thomas B. Costain, "The Magnificent Century" (Doubleday & Co., 1951). HENRY III (1216-72 AD) Henry III was the first son of John and Isabella of Angouleme, born in 1207. Age nine when he was crowned, Henry's early reign featured two regents: William the Marshall governed until his death in 1219, and Hugh de Burgh until Henry came to the throne in 1232. His education was provided by Peter des Roche, Bishop of Winchester. He married Eleanor of Provence in 1236, who bore him four sons and two daughters. Henry inherited a troubled kingdom: London and most of the southeast was in the hands of the French Dauphin Louis and the northern regions were under control of rebellious barons - only the midland and southwest were loyal to the boy king. The barons, however, soon sided with Henry (their quarrel was with his father, not him), and the old Marshall expelled the French Dauphin from English soil by 1217. Henry was a cultivated man, but a lousy politician. His court was inundated by Frenchmen and Italians who came at the behest of Eleanor, whose relations were handed important Church and state positions. His father and uncle left him an impoverished kingdom; Henry financed costly, fruitless wars with extortionate taxation. Inept diplomacy and failed war led Henry to sell his hereditary claims to all the Angevin possessions in France, save Gascony (which was held as a fief of the French crown) and Calais. Henry's failures incited hostilities among a group of barons led by his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort. Henry was forced to agree to a wide ranging plan of reforms, the Provisions of Oxford. His later papal absolution from adhering to the Provisions prompted a baronial revolt in 1263, and Henry was summoned to the first Parliament, a gathering of two knights from every shire and county and a forerunner to the modern House of Commons. Parliament insisted that a council be imposed on the king to advise on policy decisions. He was prone to the infamous Plantagenet temper, but could also be sensitive and quite pious - ecclesiastical architecture reached its apex in Henry's reign. The old king, after an extremely long reign of fifty-six years, died in 1272. He found no success in war, but opened up English culture to the cosmopolitanism of the continent. Although viewed as a failure as a politician, his reign defined the English monarchical position until the end of the fifteenth century: kingship limited by law - the repercussions of which influenced the English Civil War in the reign of Charles I , and extended into the nineteenth century queenship of Victoria . from Monarchs of Britain..Britannia magazine website. from Homer Beers James website: He was only nine years old when his father died, and he was crowned king of England, on October 28, 1216. William Marshal was persuaded by King John's executors to become rector of the king and kingdom. The king's mother, Isabel of Angouleme, left England and married again (1220), the Marshal died (1219), and Hubert de Burgh ruled undisturbed until 1223. Then Henry, aged sixteen, became fully responsible for the disposal of his seals, castle, lands, and wardships. He was also Earl of Winchester. In 1227 he declared himself of age; in 1232 he depr ived Hubert de Burgh, who ruled as regent and justiciary, of all his offices; and in 1234 he took administration into his own hands. On January 14, 1236, he married Eleanor of Provence, daughter of Raymond Berengar (Berenger) IV., Count of Provence, 1222-1291, and his wife, Beatrix of Savoy. Eleanor was also the sister-in-law of St. Louis, King of France, and niece of Amadeus IV., Count of Savoy. Henry III. reigned in the period from 1216 to 1272. He was memorable because he showed himself unfitted to exercise supreme power (1234-1258). By acting as if the Magna Charta had never been, he provoked the opposition of the barons and made possible the rise of Simon de Montfort. Dante represents him in Purgatory among those punished for being negligent rulers. Unsuccessful in war, whether in Wales (1228) or Gascony (1242-43), he was equally unsuccessful at home, and the defeat of Simon de Montfort's baronial rebellion was due not to Henry but to his son, Edward I. After his death Queen Eleanor became a nun at Ambresbury in Wiltshire and died there on June 24, 1291.
  
  === Royal Ancestry Biography ===
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine, son and heir, born at Winchester 1 October 1207. He ascended the throne 19 October 1216, and was crowned at Gloucester 28 October 1216, again at Westminster Abbey 17 May 1220. Sometime prior to 19 October 1216, he contracted to marry Yolande of Brittany [see LUSIGNAN 6], daughter of Pierre de Braine, Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, Henry agreeing to obtain a dispensation from the Pope for that purpose. This contract was eventually voided. In 1226 he released all his right in the city and county of Angoulême, the city of Saintonge, and the castles of Cognac and Merpins to his mother and step-father. Henry assumed personal rule when he declared himself to be of full age in Jan. 1227. He married (1st) by proxy in 1235 JEANNE DE DAMMARTIN, daughter and co-heiress of Simon de Dammartin, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil [see DAMMARTIN 4], which marriage was annulled without consummation 27 April 1236, on grounds that they were related in the 4th degree of kindred. He married (2nd) at Canterbury Cathedral, Kent 14 Jan. 1236 ELEANOR OF PROVENCE, 2nd daughter and co-heiress of Raymond Berenger V, Count and Marquis of Provence, Count of Forcalquier, by Beatrice, daughter of Thomas (or Tomniaso) I, Count of Savoy, Marquis in Italy. They had nine children (see below). Henry's personal rule in the direction of royal finances without the participation of the barons provoked discontent. The barons were further repelled by the influence over his government by his Queen's Savoyard kinsmen. His Lusignan half-brothers involved him in a disastrous foray in France. Henry's need for financial support compelled him in 1258 to agree to the creation of a privy council of barons to advise him and to oversee the administration of government. In 1259 he gave up his claim to Normandy and other hereditary possessions of the crown in France, in return for some territories in Gascony which had been lost. His major baronial opponent by 1263 was his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 10]. In the ensuing civil war, Montfort captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes in Sussex 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265. By the treaty of Montgomery in 1267, Henry III recognized Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as Prince of Wales and Snowdon, following Llywelyn's establishment of control over Gwynedd Uwch Conwy and Perfeddwlad, and supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk 16 Nov. 1272, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. His widow, Eleanor, entered Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, where she was veiled 7 July 1286. She gave five pounds of silver every Friday to the poor in reverence for the five wounds of Christ. In 1290 she requested a commission of oyer and terrniner from the king to enquire into trespasses committed by her stewards or bailiffs throughout her lands. Eleanor, Queen of England, died testate at Amesbury Priory 24 June 1291, and was buried in the Convent Church there 10 Sept. 1291. In 1292 Henry's heart was delivered by the Abbot of Winchester to the Abbess of Fontrevault, to whom the king promised it when he visited her house in 1254.
  Godwin De Præsulibus Angliæ Commentarius (?1616): 641 (Godfrey Giffard, Bishop of Worcester styled "Regi sanguine propinquus" [i.e., near kinsman to King Henry III of England) (see also Foss Judges of England 3 (1851): 93; Bund Reg. of Godfrey Giffard 1 (1902): xxiii, footnote 4). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87-94. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1363-1366 (letter of Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, and her son, King Edward I). Nichols Coll. Of All the Wills (1780): 15-17 (will of King Henry II). Rymer Fædora 1 (1816): 156 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" by Philippe Auguste, King of France), 179 (Raymond VII, Duke of Narbonne, Count of Toulouse, etc., styled "kinsman"), 194 (Otto, Duke of Brunswick, styled "kinsman"), 222 (B. de Mastak' [Matha] styled "kinsman"), 259,489 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinswoman"), 301 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" by Alfonso X, King of Castile), 389-390, 392 (instances of King Henry III styled "kinsman" [consobrino, consanguineo] by Louis IX, King of France), 470 (Albert, Duke of Brunswick, styled "kinsman" by King Henry III, Alice [Alaisiam, Alesiam] de Monte Ferrato (Monferrato]] styled "kinswoman" [neptem] of Queen Eleanor of Provence), 475 (Peter of Savoy styled "uncle"). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 334,338. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 5-7 (will of King Henry III). Champollion-Figeac Lettres de Rois, Reines et autres Personages des Cours de France et d’Angleterre 1 (1839): 41-42 (Blanche [of Castile], Queen of France, styled "kinswoman" [consanguinea] by King Henry III in letter dated 1233), 53 (T., Treasurer of Tours, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Henry III in letter dated 1247). Coll. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 245-261. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 20-21. Sessional Papers in Session 1845: Vol. 38 Rpts. from the Commissioners (1845): 89 (Raymund de Landon styled "cousin" by Queen Eleanor [of Provence] in undated letter to her son, King Edward I). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 372 ([Agnes of Saxony], wife of [Otto], son of Ludwig I, Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] by King Henry III of England in 1227). Giles Matthew Paris's English Hist. 2 (1853): 274-276 (sub 1248: "In the month of December in this year, [Stephen de Charron] the prior of Thetford, a Savoyard by birth, and a monk of Clugny, who declared himself to be a relation or kinsman of the queen, and had assumed airs of pride from that circumstance, invited his brothers, Bernard, a knight, and Guiscard, a beastly clerk, to come to his house at Thetford."). Stevenson Church Historians of England 4(1) (1856): 168 (Chron. of Melrose: "A.D. 1217. Upon the kalends of June [1st June] a battle was fought at Lincoln, between the supporters of Louis, the son of the king of France, and those who held with Henry [III], the new king of England. With the former sided the larger part of the whole knighthood of England and France, of whom the following were the most illustrious: The marshal of France, with his retainers; [Thomas] the earl of Perches, who is said to have been the uncle of this Louis, and a kinsman to each of the two kings, (of England, namely, and of France,) with his retainers..."). Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of King Henry III 1 (1862) (Rolls Ser. 27): 107-108 (Philippe Auguste, King of France styled "kinsman" by King Henry III of England), 295-296 (reference to commit to marry Yolande of Brittany), 482 (Joan, Countess of Flanders and Hainault, styled "kinswoman”): 2 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1866): 42-43 & 101-102 (letters of Queen Eleanor of Provence), 240-242 (instances of Reyrnundus de Bonisvilla [Raymond de Bouville] styled "kinsman"), 273-274, 279, 281-282, 339 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinswoman" to King Henry III), 304-305 (Louis IX, King of France styled "kinsman" to King Henry III). Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 492 (Annals of Worcester sub A.D. 1286- "Nonis Julii Flianora mater regis suscepit habitum sanctmonialis apud Ambrebure."), 506 (Annals of Worcester sub AD. 1291 - "Quinto kal. Julii [27 June] regina Elianora mater regis apud Ambrebure obiit sanctimonialis; et quarto idus Septembris [10 Sept.] rege presente et multis prælatis Anglia ibidem sepulta fuerat cum honore."). Boutaric Saint Louis et Alfonso de Poitiers (1870): 105 (Marguerite of Provence, Queen of France, styled "sister" [soror] by Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England in 1263), 105-106 (Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, styled "sister" [soror] by Marguerite of Provence, Queen of France). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Mejora 6 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1882): 186-187 (Albert, parish priest of Campilio, styled 'kinsman" [consanguineus] of [Eleanor of Provence], Queen of England, in letter of Pope Innnocent IV dated 1249). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 231 (Ex Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ "Idelfonsus autem Comes Provinciæ factus Gersendem neptem Comitis Folcalquerii in uxorem duxit, ex qua Berengarium-Raitnundus ultimum Comitem Catalonum habuit, qui in uxorem habuit filiam ducis Sabaudi, in cujus Berengarii minibus Nicentini juramentum fidelitatum præstitenint sub anno MCCXXIX, die nona mensis novembris. Et hic Berengarius fuit famosus pulchritudine quatuor filiarum suarem, videlicit Helionoræ secundo genitæ, quam Henrico III Anglorum Regi declit, de quibus meminit Hostiensis in Summa, in titulum de clandestina desponsatione, quid igitur si tota patria."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 98-99 (seal of Queen Eleanor of Provence dated 1235-1236 - Obverse. Figure of Queen on corbel, full length, crowned, draped in loose dress girded at waist and reaching in graceful folds below feet, in loose cloak, buckled at neck and reaching almost to the ground. In right hand a long cross or sceptre surmounted by cross and floreated, in left hand a similar sceptre ensigned with orb and dove. Beneath corbel a lion sejant guardant. Legend: ALIA[NORA DE]I : GRACIA : REG[IN]A : ANGLIE : DOMINA : HYBERNI[E]. Reverse. Suspended by strap, from richly designed tree of three branches, a shield of arms: ENGLAND. Legend: [A]LIANO[RA :] DVCISSA : NORMANNIE : [ET: A]QVITANIE : COMITIS[SA : ANDEGAVRE].). Papal Regs.: Letters 1 (1893): 201, 224 [instances of Guy de Roussillon styled "king's clerk and kinsman" - see C.P.R 1232-1247 (1906
  
  === Reigned Duke of Aquitaine, and a member ===
  Reigned Duke of Aquitaine, and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued. Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king.
  
  === HENRY'S HEART WAS RETRIEVED FROM HIS BOD ===
  HENRY'S HEART WAS RETRIEVED FROM HIS BODY AND IS BURIED AT FONT EVRAUD IN ANJOU. AND HIS BODY IS BURIED AT WESMINSTER ABBEY. HENRY HAD BY AN UNKNOWN MISTRESS, A DAUGHTER, JOAN BORN 1173 AND DIED IN 1240. SHE WAS THE 2ND WIFEW OF LLEWLLYN THE GREAT, PRINCE OF NORTH WALES. HENRY III WAS THE GREATEST OF ALL PATRONS OF MEDIVAL ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE. HENRY'S HEART WAS RETRIEVED FROM HIS BODY AND IS BURIED AT FONT EVRAUD IN ANJOU. AND HIS BODY IS BURIED AT WESMINSTER ABBEY. HENRY HAD BY AN UNKNOWN MISTRESS, A DAUGHTER, JOAN BORN 1173 AND DIED IN 1240. SHE WAS THE 2ND WIFEW OF LLEWLLYN THE GREAT, PRINCE OF NORTH WALES. HENRY III WAS THE GREATEST OF ALL PATRONS OF MEDIVAL ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE.
  
  === ! Source: Encyclopedia Britanica, Vol. X ===
  ! Source: Encyclopedia Britanica, Vol. XV, pp. 439-440 ! Note: The claim that the above couple had dau. Mary cannot be accepted (see ! Eng.120) ! Possibly this has been misconstrued with Mary, possible dau. of Edmund, ! "Crouchback", and therefore grandaughter of Henry III. On the supposition ! that Mary was the dau. of Henry III, She was erroneously sealed to the above ! couple on 18 May 1933. Ordinance work for a supposed son Robert was also ! erroneously done, and he was sealed to this couple 14 May 1938. However, ! there is no positive evidence that Henry III had a son Robert. Came to throne 1216 at the age of 9, didn't rule until 1227. Ruled until 1272. He was a tyrant and the nobles revolted against his rule. Simon de Montfort ( leader of the nobles) summoned Parliament in 1265, effectively disposing him as King. During the rest of his life his son Edward ruled.
  
  === !Henry III was King of England 1216-1272 ===
  !Henry III was King of England 1216-1272.
  
  === Henry reigned for 56 years, the longest ===
  Henry reigned for 56 years, the longest of any king of England. The reign was not a peaceful one. The king showed a very weak character and lost favor with the barons, some of whom joined in open rebellion. It was during this reign taht England lost dominion over the French provinces.
  
  === King 1216-1272 House of Angevins. He wa ===
  King 1216-1272 House of Angevins. He was nine when his father John died. Henry was interested in castles, houses, art and religion. He rebuilt Westminster Abbey. He wasted a lot of money trying to get back lands in France. His barons did not like the way he ruled and took control of the country led by Simon de Monfort who won the Battle of Lewes in 1264. Henry and his son got back control of the country after Simon was killed at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Ratified the Magna Carta and it became and remains the cornerstone of English Law. 14 May 1264 = Henry III captured by Simon de Montfort at Lewes Update: from Queen's Official Web Site 8/10/97. The Plantagenets Henry III Henry III (reigned 1216-1272), John's son, was only nine when he became king. By 1227, when he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored based on his acceptance of Magna Carta. However, the king's failed campaigns in France, his choice of foreigners as friends and advisers, together with the cost of his scheme to make one of his younger sons king of Sicily and help the Pope against the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the barons and united opposition in Church and State. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259) were attempts by the nobles to curb the king's power, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1264 and war broke out. The barons under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful, but Henry and his son, Edward, finally defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the king also promised to uphold Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster.
  
  === !DESCENT: Gary Boyd Roberts, The Royal ===
  !DESCENT: Gary Boyd Roberts, The Royal Descents of 500 Immigrants to the American Colonies or the United States, at 295 (1992).
  
  === Henry III, King of England Born: 1 OCT 1 ===
  Henry III, King of England Born: 1 OCT 1207, Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England Acceded: 28 OCT 1216, Gloucester Cathedral Died: 16 NOV 1272, Westminster Palace, London, England Interred: Westminster Abbey, London, England Notes: Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took the throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronian discontent simmered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sums from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry. Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success, thereafter Hnery ceeded much of his power to his son. Burke say he was born 10 Oct 1206 and married 14 Jan, crowned 1216. Father: , John I Lackland, King of England, b. 24 DEC 1167 Mother: Taillefer, Isabella of Angoulême, Queen of England, b. ABT 1188 Married 14 JAN 1236, Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent to Berenger, Eleanor of Provence Child 1: , Edward I (Longshanks), King of England, b. 17 JUN 1239 Child 2: , Margaret, b. 29 SEP 1240 Child 3: , Beatrice, b. 25 JUN 1242 Child 4: Plantagenet, Edmund Crouchback Leicester, Earl of Leicester, b. 16 JAN 1245 Child 5: , Richard, b. ABT 1247 Child 6: , John, b. ABT 1250 Child 7: , William, b. ABT 1252 Child 8: , Katherine, a Mute, b. 25 NOV 1253 Child 9: , Henry, b. AFT 1256 For further information see also these other records == http://www.camelotintl.com/heritage/heniii.html Henry III 1216-1272 Henry was born in 1207, and married Eleanor of Provence in 1236, who was one of four sisters all to become queens of England, France, Rome and Sicily. Henry had four children who survived him: Edward, Margaret, Beatrice and Edmund, and another five who all died young. Henry was not really made for the role of a monarch, and would have excelled at the role of a country squire, passionately interested in his estate. His role of King began at such an early age, that it is not surprising he was not a great success. He had a great love of the arts, and it was, only in this area that he benefitted England. He had huge debts, but gave England a wealth of artists and craftsmen, whom he made very fashionable. He handed over much of the Angevin Empire to the French, which reduced the rule of the King, but helped to create England, the country. At the time the English were obviously not interested in this fact, and spent a great deal of time trying to gain an Imperial Empire, and a Franco-British Empire. If this had succeeded, then many of the horrendous and life wasting battles over the next centuries may never have occurred. Henry could not accept that the empire was finished and spent many years trying to regain its previous glory. He called for heavy taxes at home, where for the majority of the time, he was an absent king. He did nothing at all for his waning popularity, by getting these horrendous taxes administrated by Italians from Rome and by Provencals from his wife's family. This led the English nobility to revolt, although this was ironically led by a foriegner, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, who was married to the King's sister. It was Simon who masterminded 'The Mad Parliament', where armed nobility made the king govern a representative Council of State, balancing the royal needs and the national interests. Henry called the knights of the shire to Windsor, and thus ensued two years of civil war, where Montfort eventually captured Henry and his heir, Edward. Montfort call the first ever type of Parliament in 1265, where all nobility and people of prominence met. Edward escaped from prison and fought and killed Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham. Henry became a rather different King after the Civil War, and even saw the end of his reign in unaccustomed stability. He died of natural causes in 1272, aged 65 years, having reigned for 57 years.
  
  === Reigned as King of England from 1216 to ===
  Reigned as King of England from 1216 to 1277.
  
  === Coronation ===
  Coronation 28 October 1216, Gloucester
  
  === [G675.ged] REF: British Monarchy Offici ===
  [G675.ged] REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Henry III (reigned 1216-1272), John's son, was only nine when he became king. By 1227, when he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored based on his acceptance of Magna Carta. However, the king's failed campaigns in France, his choice of foreigners as friends and advisers, together with the cost of his scheme to make one of his younger sons king of Sicily and help the Pope against the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the barons and united opposition in Church and State. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259 were attempts by the nobles to curb the king's power, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1264 and war broke out. The barons under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful, but Henry and his son, Edward, finally defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the king also promised to uphold Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster. REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": In April 1258, Henry's brother Richard of Cornwall sent 50 ships of grain from Germany (where Richard was chasing the elusive crown of Germany) to London to help alleviate the famine, Henry siezed the ships & tried to sell them at inflated prices. This enraged the general populace of London, Henry backed down but they remained bitter. After Henry reconciled with Prince Edward through the mediation of Richard of Cornwall (Henry thought Edward was plotting with Simon de Montfort), Henry attempted to try de Montfort on charges of perjery & "lesse-majeste". The Barons on the King's Council baulked & Louis IX was dismayed by Henry's bad faith, & sent the Archbishop of Rouen to defend de Montfort, Henry backed off. In June 1261 Henry borrows from his father John's tricks & gets the Pope to annul the O xford Provisions, even as John did with the Magna Charta. The Barons nearly revolt over this, with even Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, siding with de Montfort. Later, de Clare defects from de Montfort & comes to a "private understanding" with Henry & de Montofrt's "common enterprise" unravels. Simon withdraws to France. In July 1262, Henry follows de Montfort into France & tries to have him arraigned before the French King, Louis IX, but the attempt fails. Simon returns to England April 1263, which most felt meant a precursor to war. May 1263 the de Montfort supporters meet & vow all are enemies who do not support the Provisions save the King & his family. Henry held fast, the barons' discontent flared into violence & Simon's supporter the Earl of Derby sacked the town of Worcester & burned the Jewry. May 1263 the young Earl of Gloucester led an Army west & captured the Bishop of Hereford, the most hated of the foreign advisors to Henry III then left after the expulsion of the de Lusignans. He threw the Bishop into prison, laid siege to the royal castle at Gloucester, where de Montfort assumed command. The army then went north to Bridgenorth, where they coordinated their attack with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd; the twon & castle surrendered. de Montfort then headed south for London, where a panicked Henry took refuge in the Tower. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (which Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). In October 1263 Richard Duke of Cornwall (Henry's brother) son Henry defected to Montfort. Simon received a triumphal entry into London July 1263 & Henry capitulated at the Tower of London on July 13, 1263. Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took the throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronian discont ent simmered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sums from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry. Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success, thereafter Hnery ceeded much of his power to his son. Henry III ran afoul of his barons (again) when he requested a large amount of money to aid him in putting down Gaston de Béarn's 2nd rebellion in Gascony, saying that de Béarn's ally St. Ferdinand III King of Castile was going to invade Gascony, but just as he said this, Simon de Montfort returned to England & told the barons that Henry was actually negotiating with the St. Ferdinand III to marry his daughter Eleanor to Henry's son Crown Prince Edward "Longshanks" (de Montfort's commetns were true). At this point, with Henry's many debacles, his lack of resolve & constancy, the reforms were going to be made with or without his participation. REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. When Richard was coronated, he did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white". The Jews did the worst of all under the pious Henry III as during his reign the church felt threatened by violence, war, schism & heresy. The church encouraged Jewish pogroms & spread rumors of grisly rituals & murders committed by Jews. Henry, as a faithful son of the church, did nothing to restrain it. Non-standard gedcom data: 1 _MDCL Reddish hair & fair complected, middle height.
  
  === He was a child so William Marshall, Earl ===
  He was a child so William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke ruled, then Hubert de Burgh.When the barons and clergy broke with King Henry, Simon de Montford,Earl of Leicester was leader. He called for the lst time a Parliament at Oxford in 1258. Barons quarrelled and civil war broke out in 1264. The King and his son Edward were captured. de Nontfort tried again for Parliament but the Barons were so jealous of each other. When Edward escaped & fought with the Barons against De Montfort and won. Henry had Westminster Abbey built.
  
  === Henry III, the first monarch to be crown ===
  Henry III, the first monarch to be crowned in his minority, inherited thethrone at age nine. His reign began immersed in the rebellion created byhis father, King John. London and most of the southeast were in the handsof the French Dauphin Louis and the northern regions were under thecontrol of rebellious barons - only the midlands and southwest were loyalto the boy king. The barons, however, rallied under Henry's first regent,William the Marshall, and expelled the French Dauphin in 1217. Williamthe Marshall governed until his death in 1219; Hugh de Burgh, the last ofthe justiciars to rule with the power of a king, governed until Henrycame to the throne in earnest at age twenty-five. A variety of factors coalesced in Henry's reign to plant the first seedsof English nationalism. Throughout his minority, the barons held firm tothe ideal of written restrictions on royal authority and reissued MagnaCarta several times. The nobility wished to bind the king to same feudallaws under which they were held. The emerging class of free men alsodemanded the same protection from the king's excessive control. Barons,nobility, and free men began viewing England as a community rather than amere aggregation of independent manors, villages, and outlyingprincipalities. In addition to the restrictions outlined in Magna Carta,the barons asked to be consulted in matters of state and called togetheras a Great Council. Viewing themselves as the natural counselors of theking, they sought control over the machinery of government, particularlyin the appointment of chief government positions. The Exchequer and theChancery were separated from the rest of the government to decrease theking's chances of ruling irresponsibly. Nationalism, such as it was at this early stage, manifested in the formof opposition to Henry's actions. He infuriated the barons by grantingfavors and appointments to foreigners rather than the English nobility.Peter des Roches, the Bishop of Winchester and Henry's prime educ ator,introduced a number of Frenchmen from Poitou into the government; manyItalians entered into English society through Henry's close ties to thepapacy. His reign coincided with an expansion of papal power theChurch became, in effect, a massive European monarchy and theChurch became as creative as it was excessive in extorting money fromEngland. England was expected to assume a large portion of financing themyriad officials employed throughout Christendom as well as providingemployment and parishes for Italians living abroad. Henry's acquiescenceto the demands of Rome initiated a backlash of protest from his subjects:laymen were denied opportunity to be nominated for vacant ecclesiasticaloffices and clergymen lost any chance of advancement. Matters came to a head in 1258. Henry levied extortionate taxes to payfor debts incurred through war with Wales, failed campaigns in France,and an extensive program of ecclesiastical building. Inept diplomacy andmilitary defeat led Henry to sell his hereditary claims to all theAngevin possessions in France except Gascony. When he assumed theconsiderable debts of the papacy in its fruitless war with Sicily, hisbarons demanded sweeping reforms and the king was in no position to offerresistance. Henry was forced to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, adocument placing the barons in virtual control of the realm. A council offifteen men, comprised of both the king's supporters and detractors,effected a situation whereby Henry could nothing without the council'sknowledge and consent. The magnates handled every level of governmentwith great unity initially but gradually succumbed to petty bickering;the Provisions of Oxford remained in force for only years. Henryreasserted his authority and denied the Provisions, resulting in theoutbreak of civil war in 1264. Edward, Henry's eldest son, led the king'sforces with the opposition commanded by Simon de Montfort, Henry'sbrother-in-law. At the Battle of Lewes, in Sussex, de Montfor t defeatedEdward and captured both king and son - and found himself in control ofthe government. Simon de Montfort held absolute power after subduing Henry but was achampion of reform. The nobility supported him because of his royal tiesand belief in the Provisions of Oxford. De Montfort, with two closeassociates, selected a council of nine (whose function was similar to theearlier council of fifteen) and ruled in the king's name. De Montfortrecognized the need to gain the backing of smaller landowners andprosperous townsfolk: in 1264, he summoned knights from each shire inaddition to the normal high churchmen and nobility to an earlypre-Parliament, and in 1265 invited burgesses from selected towns.Although Parliament as an institution was yet to be formalized, thelatter session was a precursor to both the elements of Parliament: theHouse of Lords and the House of Commons. Later in 1265, de Montfort lost the support of one of the most powerfulbarons, the Earl of Gloucester, and Edward also managed to escape. Thetwo gathered an army and defeated de Montfort at the Battle of Evasham,Worcestershire. de Montfort was slain and Henry was released; Henryresumed control of the throne but, for the remainder of his reign, Edwardexercised the real power of the throne in his father's stead. The oldking, after a long reign of fifty-six years, died in 1272. Although afailure as a politician and soldier, his reign was significant fordefining the English monarchical position until the end of the fifteenthcentury: kingship limited by law.
  
  === Miscellaneous Biographies ===
  Name: King Henry III
  Born: October 1, 1207 at Winchester
  Parents: King John and Isabella of Angouleme
  
  House of: Plantagenet
  Ascended to the throne: October 18, 1216 aged 9 years
  Crowned: October 28, 1216 at Gloucester and May 17, 1220 at Westminster Abbey
  Married: Eleanor of Provence, Daughter of Raymond Berenger
  Children: Six sons including Edward I, and three daughters
  Died: November 16, 1272 at Westminster, aged 65 years, 1 month, and 16 days
  Buried at: Westminster Abbey
  Reigned for: 56 years, and 29 days
  Succeeded by: his son Edward
  --------------------------------------------------
  
  Timeline for King Henry III
  Year Event
  1216 Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal
  1217 The French lose the battles of Lincoln and Dover and are driven back to France
  1220 Building of Salisbury cathedral begun
  1222 De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the French king Louis Vlll’s claim to the throne
  1227 Henry takes full control of the government of England, but retains de Burgh as his main adviser
  1232 Hubert de Burgh is dismissed as adviser
  1236 Henry marries Eleanor of Provence
  1237 The Treaty of York with Alexander II of Scotland agrees the border between England and Scotland
  1238 Simon de Montfort marries Henry’s sister, Eleanor
  1240 Henry's Great Council is called 'Parliament' for the first time
  1245 Henry lays the foundation stone for the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey
  1258 The English barons, led by de Montfort, rebel against Henry’s misgovernment. They present a list of grievances to Henry, who signs the Provisions of Oxford, which limit royal power
  1261 Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford
  1264 The Baron’s War breaks out. De Montfort defeats Henry at Lewes. Henry is captured.
  1265 Simon de Montfort summons the first directly elected English Parliament
  1265 Some of the barons break their alliance with de Montfort and, led by Prince Edward, kill him at the Battle of Evesham
  1266 The Dictum of Kenilworth restores Henry's authority and annuls the Provisions of Oxford
  1267 In the Treaty of Montgomery, Henry recognizes Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as ruler of Wales
  1272 Henry III dies in the Palace of Westminster
  
  (Out of Britroyals.com)
  
  === Henry took up the cross at his coronatio ===
  Henry took up the cross at his coronation on 28 October 1216 when he was only nine years old and went to the crusades in 1250.
  
  === Henry III (of England) (1207-72), king o ===
  Henry III (of England) (1207-72), king of England (1216-72), Duke of Aquitaine, son and successor of King John (Lackland), and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued. Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king.
  
  === Sources: ===
  Dictionary of National Biography, Eng. Pub A, vol 6, p. 597, vol 17, p. 179, 180, vol 26, p. 12-31; Royal Daughters of England; England 120, Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 31, 46, 51; Burke's Peerage, Eng. P. 1949, pref. p. 253-254; Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116; Espolin pt 1 p. 98-99.
  === Life Sketch ===
  Name: King Henry III
  Born: October 1, 1207 at Winchester
  Parents: King John and Isabella of Angouleme
  House of: Plantagenet
  Ascended to the throne: October 18, 1216 aged 9 years
  Crowned: October 28, 1216 at Gloucester and May 17, 1220 at Westminster Abbey
  
  Married: Eleanor of Provence on 14 January 1236 at Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, England. She was the daughter Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence, and Beatrice of Savoy.
  Children: Six sons including Edward I, and three daughters:
  1. Edward I (b. 17/18 June 1239 – d. 7 July 1307)
  2. Margaret (b. 29 September 1240 – d. 26 February 1275)
  3. Beatrice (b. 25 June 1242 – d. 24 March 1275)
  4. Edmund (16 January 1245 – d. 5 June 1296)
  5. Katherine or Catherine (b. 25 November 1253 – d. 3 May 1257)
  
  Early writers gave Henry III up to nine children. However, a detailed study of the primary records shows that only five can be documented. The other four do not appear in any records before the fifteenth century. The household records, Church records and contemporaneous writers are so detailed as to make it near certain the other four did not exist, even if they died early in infancy. The four children who are no longer thought exist but may be found in older records are:
  Richard Plantagenet. Said to have been born about 1247 and to have died 29 August 1250. There is no contemporary evidence of his birth, his death or even of his existence.
  John Plantagenet. Said to have been born 1252 and to have died 31 August 1252. There is no contemporary evidence of his birth, his death or even of his existence.
  William Plantagenet. Said to have died in 1259. There is no contemporary evidence of his birth, his death or even of his existence.
  Henry Plantagenet. Said to have been born May 1260 and to have died 10 October 1260. There is no contemporary evidence of his birth, his death or even of his existence.
  Henry had no illegitimate children. However, he is sometimes given given additional children. There is no evidence to support any of the claims. These include:
  Walter de Hales - This is perhaps an internet error as Walter de Hales was contemporaneous with King John.
  Lawrence Cornwall - A confusion with the Lawrence Cornwall who was an illegitimate son of Richard Cornwall by Joan Valletort.
  Philip DeSancto Austolo - Another possible illegitimate son of Richard Cornwall. He is sometimes said to be equivalent to Philip Cornwall. Whether he existed or not, he does not belong attached to Henry III.
  
  Died: November 16, 1272 at Westminster, aged 65 years, 1 month, and 16 days
  Buried at: Westminster Abbey
  Reigned for: 56 years, and 29 days
  Succeeded by: his son Edward
  --------
  King of England from 1216, when he succeeded John, but the royal powers were exercised by a regency until 1232, and by two French nobles, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, until the barons forced their expulsion in 1234, marking the start of Henry's personal rule. His financial commitments to the papacy and his foreign favourites antagonized the barons who issued the Provisions of Oxford in 1258, limiting the king's power. Henry's refusal to accept the provisions led to the second Barons' War in 1264, a revolt of nobles led by his brother-in-law Simon de Montfort. Henry was defeated at Lewes, Sussex, and imprisoned, but restored to the throne after the royalist victory at Evesham in 1265. He was succeeded by his son Edward I.
  
  On his release Henry was weak and senile and his eldest son, Edward, took charge of the government.
  ------
  Timeline for King Henry III
  Year Event
  1216 Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal
  1217 The French lose the battles of Lincoln and Dover and are driven back to France
  1220 Building of Salisbury cathedral begun
  1222 De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the French king Louis Vlll’s claim to the throne
  1227 Henry takes full control of the government of England, but retains de Burgh as his main adviser
  1232 Hubert de Burgh is dismissed as adviser
  1236 Henry marries Eleanor of Provence
  1237 The Treaty of York with Alexander II of Scotland agrees the border between England and Scotland
  1238 Simon de Montfort marries Henry’s sister, Eleanor
  1240 Henry's Great Council is called 'Parliament' for the first time
  1245 Henry lays the foundation stone for the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey
  1258 The English barons, led by de Montfort, rebel against Henry’s misgovernment. They present a list of grievances to Henry, who signs the Provisions of Oxford, which limit royal power
  1261 Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford
  1264 The Baron’s War breaks out. De Montfort defeats Henry at Lewes. Henry is captured.
  1265 Simon de Montfort summons the first directly elected English Parliament
  1265 Some of the barons break their alliance with de Montfort and, led by Prince Edward, kill him at the Battle of Evesham
  1266 The Dictum of Kenilworth restores Henry's authority and annuls the Provisions of Oxford
  1267 In the Treaty of Montgomery, Henry recognizes Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as ruler of Wales
  1272 Henry III dies in the Palace of Westminster
  
  https://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=henry3
  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  FIND A GRAVE:
  English Monarch. Born in Winchester eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angouleme. Henry was only nine when his father died in 1216 and he became King of a rebellious nation. A series of regencies ruled in his place until 1234, when Henry assumed power. Order had been restored during the regency, based on the acceptance of Magna Carta which had curtailed the King’s power over his nobles.
  
  Henry married Eleanor of Provence in 1236 and with her had at least two sons and three daughters. In 1230 and 1242 misguided attempts to win back territory in France that had been lost by his father ended in failure. Eventually he was forced to sign away Normandy, Maine, Poitou, Touraine and Anjou. Henry's reign was also marked by civil strife, as the English barons demanded more say in the running of the kingdom. The Provisions of Oxford in 1258 and the Provisions of Westminster in 1259 were attempts by the nobility to define the Magna Carta, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry tried to out maneuver his nobles by obtaining papal absolution from his oaths. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1262 and civil war broke out. The barons, under the leadership of the King’s brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, forced Henry to accept a program of reform. The struggle with his nobles eventually led to the Battle of Lewes in 1264 where the king and his son were captured and imprisoned.
  
  In May 1265 Henry’s son, Prince Edward Longshanks, escaped captivity and rallied his forces, defeating and killing de Montfort at Evesham before taking control of government from his father. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough in 1267, in which the king promised to uphold Magna Carta. The rest of Henry’s reign was occupied by resolving the civil problems created by the rebellion.
  
  Bio by: Iola Children : https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Plantagenet-167
  
  Find A Grave Record added: Jan 01, 2001 Find A Grave Memorial# 1954 English Monarch. Born in Winchester eldest son of King John and Isabella of Angouleme. Henry was only nine when his father died in 1216 and he became King of a rebellious nation. A series of regencies ruled in his place until 1234, when Henry assumed power. Order had been restored during the regency, based on the acceptance of Magna Carta which had curtailed the King’s power over his nobles. Henry married Eleanor of Provence in 1236 and with her had at least two sons and three daughters. In 1230 and 1242 misguided attempts to win back territory in France that had been lost by his father ended in failure. Eventually he was forced to sign away Normandy, Maine, Poitou, Touraine and Anjou. Henry's reign was also marked by civil strife, as the English barons demanded more say in the running of the kingdom. The Provisions of Oxford in 1258 and the Provisions of Westminster in 1259 were attempts by the nobility to define the Magna Carta, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry tried to out maneuver his nobles by obtaining papal absolution from his oaths. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1262 and civil war broke out. The barons, under the leadership of the King’s brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, forced Henry to accept a program of reform. The struggle with his nobles eventually led to the Battle of Lewes in 1264 where the king and his son were captured and imprisoned. In May 1265 Henry’s son, Prince Edward Longshanks, escaped captivity and rallied his forces, defeating and killing de Montfort at Evesham before taking control of government from his father. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough in 1267, in which the king promised to uphold Magna Carta. The rest of Henry’s reign was occupied by resolving the civil problems created by the rebellion. (bio by: Iola)
  LESS
  
  Henry III, King of England 1206-1272
  Henry III
  King of England
  1206-1272
  
  Henry III of England
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  
  Henry III of Winchester
  
  . Unfortunately, it is titled Edward
  Reign18 October 1216 –– 16 November 1272
  
  === Miscellaneous Biographies ===
  Name: King Henry III
  Born: October 1, 1207 at Winchester
  Parents: King John and Isabella of Angouleme
  
  House of: Plantagenet
  Ascended to the throne: October 18, 1216 aged 9 years
  Crowned: October 28, 1216 at Gloucester and May 17, 1220 at Westminster Abbey
  Married: Eleanor of Provence, Daughter of Raymond Berenger
  Children: Six sons including Edward I, and three daughters
  Died: November 16, 1272 at Westminster, aged 65 years, 1 month, and 16 days
  Buried at: Westminster Abbey
  Reigned for: 56 years, and 29 days
  Succeeded by: his son Edward
  --------------------------------------------------
  
  Timeline for King Henry III
  Year Event
  1216 Henry III is crowned King at the age of nine. England is ruled temporarily by two regents, Hubert de Burgh and William the Marshal
  1217 The French lose the battles of Lincoln and Dover and are driven back to France
  1220 Building of Salisbury cathedral begun
  1222 De Burgh successfully puts down an insurrection supporting the French king Louis Vlll’s claim to the throne
  1227 Henry takes full control of the government of England, but retains de Burgh as his main adviser
  1232 Hubert de Burgh is dismissed as adviser
  1236 Henry marries Eleanor of Provence
  1237 The Treaty of York with Alexander II of Scotland agrees the border between England and Scotland
  1238 Simon de Montfort marries Henry’s sister, Eleanor
  1240 Henry's Great Council is called 'Parliament' for the first time
  1245 Henry lays the foundation stone for the rebuilding of Westminster Abbey
  1258 The English barons, led by de Montfort, rebel against Henry’s misgovernment. They present a list of grievances to Henry, who signs the Provisions of Oxford, which limit royal power
  1261 Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford
  1264 The Baron’s War breaks out. De Montfort defeats Henry at Lewes. Henry is captured.
  1265 Simon de Montfort summons the first directly elected English Parliament
  1265 Some of the barons break their alliance with de Montfort and, led by Prince Edward, kill him at the Battle of Evesham
  1266 The Dictum of Kenilworth restores Henry's authority and annuls the Provisions of Oxford
  1267 In the Treaty of Montgomery, Henry recognizes Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as ruler of Wales
  1272 Henry III dies in the Palace of Westminster
  
  (Out of Britroyals.com)
  
  === Sources: ===
  Dictionary of National Biography, Eng. Pub A, vol 6, p. 597, vol 17, p. 179, 180, vol 26, p. 12-31; Royal Daughters of England; England 120, Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 31, 46, 51; Burke's Peerage, Eng. P. 1949, pref. p. 253-254; Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116; Espolin pt 1 p. 98-99.
  
  === King of England Burke's Peerage and Baro ===
  King of England Burke's Peerage and Baronetage Debrettes Kings and Queens p. 69
  
  === Henry III, King of England Born: 1 OCT 1 ===
  Henry III, King of England Born: 1 OCT 1207, Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England Acceded: 28 OCT 1216, Gloucester Cathedral Died: 16 NOV 1272, Westminster Palace, London, England Interred: Westminster Abbey, London, England Notes: Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took the throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronian discontent simmered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sums from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry. Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success, thereafter Hnery ceeded much of his power to his son. Burke say he was born 10 Oct 1206 and married 14 Jan, crowned 1216. Father: , John I Lackland, King of England, b. 24 DEC 1167 Mother: Taillefer, Isabella of Angoulême, Queen of England, b. ABT 1188 Married 14 JAN 1236, Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent to Berenger, Eleanor of Provence Child 1: , Edward I (Longshanks), King of England, b. 17 JUN 1239 Child 2: , Margaret, b. 29 SEP 1240 Child 3: , Beatrice, b. 25 JUN 1242 Child 4: Plantagenet, Edmund Crouchback Leicester, Earl of Leicester, b. 16 JAN 1245 Child 5: , Richard, b. ABT 1247 Child 6: , John, b. ABT 1250 Child 7: , William, b. ABT 1252 Child 8: , Katherine, a Mute, b. 25 NOV 1253 Child 9: , Henry, b. AFT 1256 For further information see also these other records == http://www.camelotintl.com/heritage/heniii.html Henry III 1216-1272 Henry was born in 1207, and married Eleanor of Provence in 1236, who was one of four sisters all to become queens of England, France, Rome and Sicily. Henry had four children who survived him: Edward, Margaret, Beatrice and Edmund, and another five who all died young. Henry was not really made for the role of a monarch, and would have excelled at the role of a country squire, passionately interested in his estate. His role of King began at such an early age, that it is not surprising he was not a great success. He had a great love of the arts, and it was, only in this area that he benefitted England. He had huge debts, but gave England a wealth of artists and craftsmen, whom he made very fashionable. He handed over much of the Angevin Empire to the French, which reduced the rule of the King, but helped to create England, the country. At the time the English were obviously not interested in this fact, and spent a great deal of time trying to gain an Imperial Empire, and a Franco-British Empire. If this had succeeded, then many of the horrendous and life wasting battles over the next centuries may never have occurred. Henry could not accept that the empire was finished and spent many years trying to regain its previous glory. He called for heavy taxes at home, where for the majority of the time, he was an absent king. He did nothing at all for his waning popularity, by getting these horrendous taxes administrated by Italians from Rome and by Provencals from his wife's family. This led the English nobility to revolt, although this was ironically led by a foriegner, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, who was married to the King's sister. It was Simon who masterminded 'The Mad Parliament', where armed nobility made the king govern a representative Council of State, balancing the royal needs and the national interests. Henry called the knights of the shire to Windsor, and thus ensued two years of civil war, where Montfort eventually captured Henry and his heir, Edward. Montfort call the first ever type of Parliament in 1265, where all nobility and people of prominence met. Edward escaped from prison and fought and killed Simon de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham. Henry became a rather different King after the Civil War, and even saw the end of his reign in unaccustomed stability. He died of natural causes in 1272, aged 65 years, having reigned for 57 years.
  
  === !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain Ame ===
  !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700, by Frederick Lewis Weis, 7th Ed, With Additions and Corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., (1992) 1-27. King of England 1216-1272.
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition L 1-27
  
  === !Henry III, King of England, 1216-1272; ===
  !Henry III, King of England, 1216-1272; b. Winchester, 1 Oct . 1207; d. Westminster, 15 or 16 Jun 1272; m. 14 Jan. 1236/7, Eleanor of Provence b. 1217; d. Amesbury, 24 or 25 Jun 1291. (CP V 736; CCN 356,494; DNB xxvi, 12; svii, 179). rasc 1-27 John's death in 1216 left his nine-year-old son, Henry III, as king to rule for fifty-six years. He proved to be a poor king, for he was subservient to the papacy, and allowed papal exploitation of England; he supported extravaganly such foreign enterprises as seeking the Sicilian crown for his son, aiding his brother Richard of Cornwall in his efforts to gain the crown of the Holy Roman Empire, and patronizing several large groups of foreign relatives and favoriets of his French wife. From the turmoil in his reign emerged the beginning of the English Parliament. Ref:Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry, intro pg xx. Henry III had few of the personal qualities required to command respect or guarantee the smooth functioning of the apparatus of state. Unmartial, untrustworthy, childishly fickle and prone to petulance, he alienated enemies and advisers alike. However, in some respects he redeemed himself as a ruler by patronizing the arts, and inspiring the improvements to Westminster Abbey and the construction of Salisbury Cathedral.
  
  === Royal Ancestry Biography ===
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine, son and heir, born at Winchester 1 October 1207. He ascended the throne 19 October 1216, and was crowned at Gloucester 28 October 1216, again at Westminster Abbey 17 May 1220. Sometime prior to 19 October 1216, he contracted to marry Yolande of Brittany [see LUSIGNAN 6], daughter of Pierre de Braine, Knt., Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, Henry agreeing to obtain a dispensation from the Pope for that purpose. This contract was eventually voided. In 1226 he released all his right in the city and county of Angoulême, the city of Saintonge, and the castles of Cognac and Merpins to his mother and step-father. Henry assumed personal rule when he declared himself to be of full age in Jan. 1227. He married (1st) by proxy in 1235 JEANNE DE DAMMARTIN, daughter and co-heiress of Simon de Dammartin, Count of Ponthieu and Montreuil [see DAMMARTIN 4], which marriage was annulled without consummation 27 April 1236, on grounds that they were related in the 4th degree of kindred. He married (2nd) at Canterbury Cathedral, Kent 14 Jan. 1236 ELEANOR OF PROVENCE, 2nd daughter and co-heiress of Raymond Berenger V, Count and Marquis of Provence, Count of Forcalquier, by Beatrice, daughter of Thomas (or Tomniaso) I, Count of Savoy, Marquis in Italy. They had nine children (see below). Henry's personal rule in the direction of royal finances without the participation of the barons provoked discontent. The barons were further repelled by the influence over his government by his Queen's Savoyard kinsmen. His Lusignan half-brothers involved him in a disastrous foray in France. Henry's need for financial support compelled him in 1258 to agree to the creation of a privy council of barons to advise him and to oversee the administration of government. In 1259 he gave up his claim to Normandy and other hereditary possessions of the crown in France, in return for some territories in Gascony which had been lost. His major baronial opponent by 1263 was his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester [see LEICESTER 10]. In the ensuing civil war, Montfort captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes in Sussex 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265. By the treaty of Montgomery in 1267, Henry III recognized Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as Prince of Wales and Snowdon, following Llywelyn's establishment of control over Gwynedd Uwch Conwy and Perfeddwlad, and supremacy over the other Welsh rulers. HENRY III OF ENGLAND, King of England, died testate at Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk 16 Nov. 1272, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. His widow, Eleanor, entered Amesbury Priory, Wiltshire, where she was veiled 7 July 1286. She gave five pounds of silver every Friday to the poor in reverence for the five wounds of Christ. In 1290 she requested a commission of oyer and terrniner from the king to enquire into trespasses committed by her stewards or bailiffs throughout her lands. Eleanor, Queen of England, died testate at Amesbury Priory 24 June 1291, and was buried in the Convent Church there 10 Sept. 1291. In 1292 Henry's heart was delivered by the Abbot of Winchester to the Abbess of Fontrevault, to whom the king promised it when he visited her house in 1254.
  Godwin De Præsulibus Angliæ Commentarius (?1616): 641 (Godfrey Giffard, Bishop of Worcester styled "Regi sanguine propinquus" [i.e., near kinsman to King Henry III of England) (see also Foss Judges of England 3 (1851): 93; Bund Reg. of Godfrey Giffard 1 (1902): xxiii, footnote 4). Sandford Gen. Hist. of the Kings of England (1677): 87-94. Martene & Durand Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum 1 (1724): 1363-1366 (letter of Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, and her son, King Edward I). Nichols Coll. Of All the Wills (1780): 15-17 (will of King Henry II). Rymer Fædora 1 (1816): 156 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" by Philippe Auguste, King of France), 179 (Raymond VII, Duke of Narbonne, Count of Toulouse, etc., styled "kinsman"), 194 (Otto, Duke of Brunswick, styled "kinsman"), 222 (B. de Mastak' [Matha] styled "kinsman"), 259,489 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinswoman"), 301 (King Henry III styled "kinsman" by Alfonso X, King of Castile), 389-390, 392 (instances of King Henry III styled "kinsman" [consobrino, consanguineo] by Louis IX, King of France), 470 (Albert, Duke of Brunswick, styled "kinsman" by King Henry III, Alice [Alaisiam, Alesiam] de Monte Ferrato (Monferrato]] styled "kinswoman" [neptem] of Queen Eleanor of Provence), 475 (Peter of Savoy styled "uncle"). Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 2 (1819): 334,338. Nicolas Testamenta Vetusta 1 (1826): 5-7 (will of King Henry III). Champollion-Figeac Lettres de Rois, Reines et autres Personages des Cours de France et d’Angleterre 1 (1839): 41-42 (Blanche [of Castile], Queen of France, styled "kinswoman" [consanguinea] by King Henry III in letter dated 1233), 53 (T., Treasurer of Tours, styled "kinsman" [consanguineum] by King Henry III in letter dated 1247). Coll. Top. et Gen. 6 (1840): 245-261. Hawley Royal Fam. of England (1851): 20-21. Sessional Papers in Session 1845: Vol. 38 Rpts. from the Commissioners (1845): 89 (Raymund de Landon styled "cousin" by Queen Eleanor [of Provence] in undated letter to her son, King Edward I). Huillard-Bréholles Hist. Diplomatica Friderica Secundi 3 (1852): 372 ([Agnes of Saxony], wife of [Otto], son of Ludwig I, Duke of Bavaria, styled "kinswoman" [consanguineam] by King Henry III of England in 1227). Giles Matthew Paris's English Hist. 2 (1853): 274-276 (sub 1248: "In the month of December in this year, [Stephen de Charron] the prior of Thetford, a Savoyard by birth, and a monk of Clugny, who declared himself to be a relation or kinsman of the queen, and had assumed airs of pride from that circumstance, invited his brothers, Bernard, a knight, and Guiscard, a beastly clerk, to come to his house at Thetford."). Stevenson Church Historians of England 4(1) (1856): 168 (Chron. of Melrose: "A.D. 1217. Upon the kalends of June [1st June] a battle was fought at Lincoln, between the supporters of Louis, the son of the king of France, and those who held with Henry [III], the new king of England. With the former sided the larger part of the whole knighthood of England and France, of whom the following were the most illustrious: The marshal of France, with his retainers; [Thomas] the earl of Perches, who is said to have been the uncle of this Louis, and a kinsman to each of the two kings, (of England, namely, and of France,) with his retainers..."). Shirley Royal & Other Hist. Letters Ill. of King Henry III 1 (1862) (Rolls Ser. 27): 107-108 (Philippe Auguste, King of France styled "kinsman" by King Henry III of England), 295-296 (reference to commit to marry Yolande of Brittany), 482 (Joan, Countess of Flanders and Hainault, styled "kinswoman”): 2 (Rolls Ser. 27) (1866): 42-43 & 101-102 (letters of Queen Eleanor of Provence), 240-242 (instances of Reyrnundus de Bonisvilla [Raymond de Bouville] styled "kinsman"), 273-274, 279, 281-282, 339 (instances of Marguerite, Countess of Flanders and Hainault styled "kinswoman" to King Henry III), 304-305 (Louis IX, King of France styled "kinsman" to King Henry III). Luard Annales Monastici 4 (Rolls Ser. 36) (1869): 492 (Annals of Worcester sub A.D. 1286- "Nonis Julii Flianora mater regis suscepit habitum sanctmonialis apud Ambrebure."), 506 (Annals of Worcester sub AD. 1291 - "Quinto kal. Julii [27 June] regina Elianora mater regis apud Ambrebure obiit sanctimonialis; et quarto idus Septembris [10 Sept.] rege presente et multis prælatis Anglia ibidem sepulta fuerat cum honore."). Boutaric Saint Louis et Alfonso de Poitiers (1870): 105 (Marguerite of Provence, Queen of France, styled "sister" [soror] by Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England in 1263), 105-106 (Eleanor of Provence, Queen of England, styled "sister" [soror] by Marguerite of Provence, Queen of France). Wright Feudal Manuals of English Hist. (1872). Matthew of Paris Chronica Mejora 6 (Rolls Ser. 57) (1882): 186-187 (Albert, parish priest of Campilio, styled 'kinsman" [consanguineus] of [Eleanor of Provence], Queen of England, in letter of Pope Innnocent IV dated 1249). Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France 19 (1880): 231 (Ex Brevi Historia Comitum Provinciæ "Idelfonsus autem Comes Provinciæ factus Gersendem neptem Comitis Folcalquerii in uxorem duxit, ex qua Berengarium-Raitnundus ultimum Comitem Catalonum habuit, qui in uxorem habuit filiam ducis Sabaudi, in cujus Berengarii minibus Nicentini juramentum fidelitatum præstitenint sub anno MCCXXIX, die nona mensis novembris. Et hic Berengarius fuit famosus pulchritudine quatuor filiarum suarem, videlicit Helionoræ secundo genitæ, quam Henrico III Anglorum Regi declit, de quibus meminit Hostiensis in Summa, in titulum de clandestina desponsatione, quid igitur si tota patria."). Birch Cat. Seals in the British Museum 1(1887): 98-99 (seal of Queen Eleanor of Provence dated 1235-1236 - Obverse. Figure of Queen on corbel, full length, crowned, draped in loose dress girded at waist and reaching in graceful folds below feet, in loose cloak, buckled at neck and reaching almost to the ground. In right hand a long cross or sceptre surmounted by cross and floreated, in left hand a similar sceptre ensigned with orb and dove. Beneath corbel a lion sejant guardant. Legend: ALIA[NORA DE]I : GRACIA : REG[IN]A : ANGLIE : DOMINA : HYBERNI[E]. Reverse. Suspended by strap, from richly designed tree of three branches, a shield of arms: ENGLAND. Legend: [A]LIANO[RA :] DVCISSA : NORMANNIE : [ET: A]QVITANIE : COMITIS[SA : ANDEGAVRE].). Papal Regs.: Letters 1 (1893): 201, 224 [instances of Guy de Roussillon styled "king's clerk and kinsman" - see C.P.R 1232-1247 (1906
  
  === Source: David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestr ===
  Source: David Faris, Plantagenet Ancestry of 17th Century Colonists, (Genealogical Publishing Company, 1996, Baltimore), 225:15, [2] Weis, Frederick Lewis, Ancestral Roots, Seventh Edition, Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, [1992], 1-27. Born: 1207 Died: 1272 Parents: John and Isabella of Angouleme Significant Siblings: Henry, Geoffrey, Richard Spouse: Eleanor of Provence Significant Offspring: Edward, Edmund Contemporaries: Simon de Montfort, William the Marshall, Hugh de Burgh, Peter des Roches (Bishop of Winchester). Henry III, the first monarch to be crowned in his minority, inherited the throne at age nine. His reign began immersed in the rebellion created by his father, King John. London and most of the southeast were in the hands of the French Dauphin Louis and the northern regions were under the control of rebellious barons - only the midlands and southwest were loyal to the boy king. The barons, however, rallied under Henry's first regent, William the Marshall, and expelled the French Dauphin in 1217. William the Marshall governed until his death in 1219; Hugh de Burgh, the last of the justiciars to rule with the power of a king, governed until Henry came to the throne in earnest at age twenty-five. A variety of factors coalesced in Henry's reign to plant the first seeds of English nationalism. Throughout his minority, the barons held firm to the ideal of written restrictions on royal authority and reissued Magna Carta several times. The nobility wished to bind the king to same feudal laws under which they were held. The emerging class of free men also demanded the same protection from the king's excessive control. Barons, nobility, and free men began viewing England as a community rather than a mere aggregation of independent manors, villages, and outlying principalities. In addition to the restrictions outlined in Magna Carta, the barons asked to be consulted in matters of state and called together as a Great Council. Viewing themselves as the natural counselors of the king, they sought control over the machinery of government, particularly in the appointment of chief government positions. The Exchequer and the Chancery were separated from the rest of the government to decrease the king's chances of ruling irresponsibly. Nationalism, such as it was at this early stage, manifested in the form of opposition to Henry's actions. He infuriated the barons by granting favors and appointments to foreigners rather than the English nobility. Peter des Roches, the Bishop of Winchester and Henry's prime educator, introduced a number of Frenchmen from Poitou into the government; many Italians entered into English society through Henry's close ties to the papacy. His reign coincided with an expansion of papal power and the Church became, in effect, a massive European monarchy. The Church became as creative as it was excessive in extorting money from England. England was expected to assume a large portion of financing the myriad officials employed throughout Christendom as well as providing employment and parishes for Italians living abroad. Henry's acquiescence to the demands of Rome initiated a backlash of protest from his subjects: laymen were denied opportunity to be nominated for vacant ecclesiastical offices and clergymen lost any chance of advancement. Matters came to a head in 1258. Henry levied extortionate taxes to pay for debts incurred through war with Wales, failed campaigns in France, and an extensive program of ecclesiastical building. Inept diplomacy and military defeat led Henry to sell his hereditary claims to all the Angevin possessions in France except Gascony. When he assumed the considerable debts of the papacy in its fruitless war with Sicily, his barons demanded sweeping reforms and the king was in no position to offer resistance. Henry was forced to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, a document placing the barons in virtual control of the realm. A council of fifteen men, comprised of both the king's supporters and detractors, effected a situation whereby Henry could nothing without the council's knowledge and consent. The magnates handled every level of government with great unity initially but gradually succumbed to petty bickering; the Provisions of Oxford remained in force for only years. Henry reasserted his authority and denied the Provisions, resulting in the outbreak of civil war in 1264. Edward, Henry's eldest son, led the king's forces with the opposition commanded by Simon de Montfort, Henry's brother-in-law. At the Battle of Lewes, in Sussex, de Montfort defeated Edward and captured both king and son - and found himself in control of the government. Simon de Montfort held absolute power after subduing Henry but was a champion of reform. The nobility supported him because of his royal ties and belief in the Provisions of Oxford. De Montfort, with two close associates, selected a council of nine (whose function was similar to the earlier council of fifteen) and ruled in the king's name. De Montfort recognized the need to gain the backing of smaller landowners and prosperous townsfolk: in 1264, he summoned knights from each shire in addition to the normal high churchmen and nobility to an early pre-Parliament, and in 1265 invited burgesses from selected towns. Although Parliament as an institution was yet to be formalized, the latter session was a precursor to both the elements of Parliament: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Later in 1265, de Montfort lost the support of one of the most powerful barons, the Earl of Gloucester, and Edward also managed to escape. The two gathered an army and defeated de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire. de Montfort was slain and Henry was released; Henry resumed control of the throne but, for the remainder of his reign, Edward exercised the real power of the throne in his father's stead. The old king, after a long reign of fifty-six years, died in 1272. Although a failure as a politician and soldier, his reign was significant for defining the English monarchical position until the end of the fifteenth century: kingship limited by law. Britannia.com
  
  === !#21> Complete Peerage-v1-p356,-v2-p421, ===
  !#21> Complete Peerage-v1-p356,-v2-p421,-v3-p168,-v4pt1-p200fn(f),-v5-p705, -v7-p378,-v10-p813, (FHL 942 D22cok); #189> Scots Peerage-v1-p6,-v2-p423,430, (FHL 941 D22p) ; #240> Peerage, (Collins,Brydges)-v1-p40, (FHL 942 D22be); !AF: BAPT-END-SP-SS> AFN:8XJ5ZJ;
  
  === Coronation ===
  Coronation 28 October 1216, Gloucester
  
  === HENRY'S HEART WAS RETRIEVED FROM HIS BOD ===
  HENRY'S HEART WAS RETRIEVED FROM HIS BODY AND IS BURIED AT FONT EVRAUD IN ANJOU. AND HIS BODY IS BURIED AT WESMINSTER ABBEY. HENRY HAD BY AN UNKNOWN MISTRESS, A DAUGHTER, JOAN BORN 1173 AND DIED IN 1240. SHE WAS THE 2ND WIFEW OF LLEWLLYN THE GREAT, PRINCE OF NORTH WALES. HENRY III WAS THE GREATEST OF ALL PATRONS OF MEDIVAL ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE. HENRY'S HEART WAS RETRIEVED FROM HIS BODY AND IS BURIED AT FONT EVRAUD IN ANJOU. AND HIS BODY IS BURIED AT WESMINSTER ABBEY. HENRY HAD BY AN UNKNOWN MISTRESS, A DAUGHTER, JOAN BORN 1173 AND DIED IN 1240. SHE WAS THE 2ND WIFEW OF LLEWLLYN THE GREAT, PRINCE OF NORTH WALES. HENRY III WAS THE GREATEST OF ALL PATRONS OF MEDIVAL ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTURE.
  
  === !Was only nine at his accession to the t ===
  !Was only nine at his accession to the throne in 1216. !In 1264 The Baron's War broke out and Henry is defeated by de Montfort at Lewes. !In 1265 Henry's son, Prince Edward defeated de Montfort and the King reassumed control of the government until his death in 1272.
  
  === !Henry III was King of England 1216-1272 ===
  !Henry III was King of England 1216-1272.
  
  === !SOURCES: 1. Dict. of Nat'l Biog., Eng. ===
  !SOURCES: 1. Dict. of Nat'l Biog., Eng. Pub. A, v. 6, p. 597, v. 17, p. 179, 180, v. 26, p. 12-31 2. Royal Dau of Eng., Eng. 120, v. 1, p. 60, 120-29 3. Scots Peerage, Scot 2b, v. 1, p. 6 4. Tab. Souv. Gen., France 22, Tab. 31, 46, 51 5. Burke's Peerage, Eng. P, 1949, pref. p. 253-54 6. Plantagenet Ancestry, Eng. 116 7. Espolin (GS #12462 pt 1, p. 98-99) !RESEARCH NOTES: 1. The claim that the above couple had a dau. Mary cannot be accepted (See Eng. 120). Possibly this has been misconstrued with the Mary, possible dau. of Edmund "Crouchback", and therefore granddaughter of Henry III. On the suppositionthat Mary was the dau. of Henry III, she was erroneously sealed to the above couple on 18 May 1933. Ordinance work for a supposed son Robert was also erroneously done, and he was sealed to this couple on 14 Mar 1938; however, there is no positive evidence that Henry III had a son Robert.
  
  === MCS 161-13; C 1-27; CPXII 396-401. ===
  MCS 161-13; C 1-27; CPXII 396-401.
  
  === !SOURCE: ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF SIXTY COLON ===
  !SOURCE: ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF SIXTY COLONISTS WHO CAME TO AMERICA BETWEEN 1623 AND 1650, 6TH ED 1988, PG 3 LINE 1-27, PG 23, LINE 17-27 !SOURCE: FAMILY GROUP SHEET SUBMITTED BY BRIAN M. LEESE
  
  === Came to the throne at the age of nine w ===
  Came to the throne at the age of nine when his father hel d only western and southwestern England and a barrier of mi dland castles against the rebel barons and Prince Louis o f France who held London, the southeast and the north. He w as crowned in the west at Gloucester Cathedral. William Mar shall, Earl of Pembroke, became regent and reconquered Engl and for the boy King. King Henry III assumed control of the realm while still und erage and throughout his long reign engaged in one foolis h incompetent or extravagant adventure after the other. Whe n Henry turned to the barons for money they responded wit h demands that led to the first written constitution in Eng lish history: the Provisions of Oxford,which required tha t Henry govern solely on the advice of a privy council.
  
  === Reigned as King of England from 1216 to ===
  Reigned as King of England from 1216 to 1277.
  
  === Henry III, the first monarch to be crown ===
  Henry III, the first monarch to be crowned in his minority, inherited thethrone at age nine. His reign began immersed in the rebellion created byhis father, King John. London and most of the southeast were in the handsof the French Dauphin Louis and the northern regions were under thecontrol of rebellious barons - only the midlands and southwest were loyalto the boy king. The barons, however, rallied under Henry's first regent,William the Marshall, and expelled the French Dauphin in 1217. Williamthe Marshall governed until his death in 1219; Hugh de Burgh, the last ofthe justiciars to rule with the power of a king, governed until Henrycame to the throne in earnest at age twenty-five. A variety of factors coalesced in Henry's reign to plant the first seedsof English nationalism. Throughout his minority, the barons held firm tothe ideal of written restrictions on royal authority and reissued MagnaCarta several times. The nobility wished to bind the king to same feudallaws under which they were held. The emerging class of free men alsodemanded the same protection from the king's excessive control. Barons,nobility, and free men began viewing England as a community rather than amere aggregation of independent manors, villages, and outlyingprincipalities. In addition to the restrictions outlined in Magna Carta,the barons asked to be consulted in matters of state and called togetheras a Great Council. Viewing themselves as the natural counselors of theking, they sought control over the machinery of government, particularlyin the appointment of chief government positions. The Exchequer and theChancery were separated from the rest of the government to decrease theking's chances of ruling irresponsibly. Nationalism, such as it was at this early stage, manifested in the formof opposition to Henry's actions. He infuriated the barons by grantingfavors and appointments to foreigners rather than the English nobility.Peter des Roches, the Bishop of Winchester and Henry's prime educ ator,introduced a number of Frenchmen from Poitou into the government; manyItalians entered into English society through Henry's close ties to thepapacy. His reign coincided with an expansion of papal power theChurch became, in effect, a massive European monarchy and theChurch became as creative as it was excessive in extorting money fromEngland. England was expected to assume a large portion of financing themyriad officials employed throughout Christendom as well as providingemployment and parishes for Italians living abroad. Henry's acquiescenceto the demands of Rome initiated a backlash of protest from his subjects:laymen were denied opportunity to be nominated for vacant ecclesiasticaloffices and clergymen lost any chance of advancement. Matters came to a head in 1258. Henry levied extortionate taxes to payfor debts incurred through war with Wales, failed campaigns in France,and an extensive program of ecclesiastical building. Inept diplomacy andmilitary defeat led Henry to sell his hereditary claims to all theAngevin possessions in France except Gascony. When he assumed theconsiderable debts of the papacy in its fruitless war with Sicily, hisbarons demanded sweeping reforms and the king was in no position to offerresistance. Henry was forced to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, adocument placing the barons in virtual control of the realm. A council offifteen men, comprised of both the king's supporters and detractors,effected a situation whereby Henry could nothing without the council'sknowledge and consent. The magnates handled every level of governmentwith great unity initially but gradually succumbed to petty bickering;the Provisions of Oxford remained in force for only years. Henryreasserted his authority and denied the Provisions, resulting in theoutbreak of civil war in 1264. Edward, Henry's eldest son, led the king'sforces with the opposition commanded by Simon de Montfort, Henry'sbrother-in-law. At the Battle of Lewes, in Sussex, de Montfor t defeatedEdward and captured both king and son - and found himself in control ofthe government. Simon de Montfort held absolute power after subduing Henry but was achampion of reform. The nobility supported him because of his royal tiesand belief in the Provisions of Oxford. De Montfort, with two closeassociates, selected a council of nine (whose function was similar to theearlier council of fifteen) and ruled in the king's name. De Montfortrecognized the need to gain the backing of smaller landowners andprosperous townsfolk: in 1264, he summoned knights from each shire inaddition to the normal high churchmen and nobility to an earlypre-Parliament, and in 1265 invited burgesses from selected towns.Although Parliament as an institution was yet to be formalized, thelatter session was a precursor to both the elements of Parliament: theHouse of Lords and the House of Commons. Later in 1265, de Montfort lost the support of one of the most powerfulbarons, the Earl of Gloucester, and Edward also managed to escape. Thetwo gathered an army and defeated de Montfort at the Battle of Evasham,Worcestershire. de Montfort was slain and Henry was released; Henryresumed control of the throne but, for the remainder of his reign, Edwardexercised the real power of the throne in his father's stead. The oldking, after a long reign of fifty-six years, died in 1272. Although afailure as a politician and soldier, his reign was significant fordefining the English monarchical position until the end of the fifteenthcentury: kingship limited by law.
  
  === Henry III (of England) (1207-72), king o ===
  Henry III (of England) (1207-72), king of England (1216-72), Duke of Aquitaine, son and successor of King John (Lackland), and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, earl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued. Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king.
  
  === !DESCENT: Gary Boyd Roberts, The Royal ===
  !DESCENT: Gary Boyd Roberts, The Royal Descents of 500 Immigrants to the American Colonies or the United States, at 295 (1992).
  
  === !Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charle ===
  !Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants Page 117; 183 Plantagenet Royal Ancestry LDS Family History Library Some Colonial Dames of Royal Descent Page 9; 155; 181 Americans of Royal Descent page 9 In the ensuing civil war, Simon de Montfort, Henry III, brother-in-law, captured Henry and his eldest son, Edward I, at the battle of Lewes in Sussex on 14 May 1264. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed at the battle of Evesham on 4 Aug. 1265 by Henry's son, the future King Edward I who assumed effective control of the government.
  
  === He was a child so William Marshall, Earl ===
  He was a child so William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke ruled, then Hubert de Burgh.When the barons and clergy broke with King Henry, Simon de Montford,Earl of Leicester was leader. He called for the lst time a Parliament at Oxford in 1258. Barons quarrelled and civil war broke out in 1264. The King and his son Edward were captured. de Nontfort tried again for Parliament but the Barons were so jealous of each other. When Edward escaped & fought with the Barons against De Montfort and won. Henry had Westminster Abbey built.
  
  === Reigned Duke of Aquitaine, and a member ===
  Reigned Duke of Aquitaine, and a member of the house of Anjou, or Plantagenet. Henry ascended the throne at the age of nine, on the death of his father. During his minority the kingdom was ruled by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, as regent, but after his death in 1219 the justiciar Hubert de Burgh was the chief power in the government. During the regency the French, who occupied much of eastern England, were expelled, and rebellious barons were subdued. Henry was declared of age in 1227. In 1232 he dismissed Hubert de Burgh from his court and commenced ruling without the aid of ministers. Henry displeased the barons by filling government and church offices with foreign favorites, many of them relatives of his wife, Eleanor of Provence, whom he married in 1236, and by squandering money on Continental wars, especially in France. In order to secure the throne of Sicily for one of his sons, Henry agreed to pay the pope a large sum. When the king requested money from the barons to pay his debt, they refused and in 1258 forced him to agree to the Provisions of Oxford, whereby he agreed to share his power with a council of barons. Henry soon repudiated his oath, however, with papal approval. After a brief period of war, the matter was referred to the arbitration of Louis IX, king of France, who decided in Henry's favor in a judgment called the Mise of Amiens (1264). Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, accordingly led the barons into war, defeated Henry at Lewes, and took him prisoner. In 1265, however, Henry's son and heir, Edward, later King Edward I, led the royal troops to victory over the barons at Evesham, about 40.2 km (about 25 mi) south of Birmingham. Simon de Montfort was killed in the battle, and the barons agreed to a compromise with Edward and his party in 1267. From that time on Edward ruled England, and when Henry died, he succeeded him as king.
  
  === [G675.ged] REF: British Monarchy Offici ===
  [G675.ged] REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Henry III (reigned 1216-1272), John's son, was only nine when he became king. By 1227, when he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored based on his acceptance of Magna Carta. However, the king's failed campaigns in France, his choice of foreigners as friends and advisers, together with the cost of his scheme to make one of his younger sons king of Sicily and help the Pope against the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the barons and united opposition in Church and State. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259 were attempts by the nobles to curb the king's power, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1264 and war broke out. The barons under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful, but Henry and his son, Edward, finally defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the king also promised to uphold Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster. REF: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow": In April 1258, Henry's brother Richard of Cornwall sent 50 ships of grain from Germany (where Richard was chasing the elusive crown of Germany) to London to help alleviate the famine, Henry siezed the ships & tried to sell them at inflated prices. This enraged the general populace of London, Henry backed down but they remained bitter. After Henry reconciled with Prince Edward through the mediation of Richard of Cornwall (Henry thought Edward was plotting with Simon de Montfort), Henry attempted to try de Montfort on charges of perjery & "lesse-majeste". The Barons on the King's Council baulked & Louis IX was dismayed by Henry's bad faith, & sent the Archbishop of Rouen to defend de Montfort, Henry backed off. In June 1261 Henry borrows from his father John's tricks & gets the Pope to annul the O xford Provisions, even as John did with the Magna Charta. The Barons nearly revolt over this, with even Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, siding with de Montfort. Later, de Clare defects from de Montfort & comes to a "private understanding" with Henry & de Montofrt's "common enterprise" unravels. Simon withdraws to France. In July 1262, Henry follows de Montfort into France & tries to have him arraigned before the French King, Louis IX, but the attempt fails. Simon returns to England April 1263, which most felt meant a precursor to war. May 1263 the de Montfort supporters meet & vow all are enemies who do not support the Provisions save the King & his family. Henry held fast, the barons' discontent flared into violence & Simon's supporter the Earl of Derby sacked the town of Worcester & burned the Jewry. May 1263 the young Earl of Gloucester led an Army west & captured the Bishop of Hereford, the most hated of the foreign advisors to Henry III then left after the expulsion of the de Lusignans. He threw the Bishop into prison, laid siege to the royal castle at Gloucester, where de Montfort assumed command. The army then went north to Bridgenorth, where they coordinated their attack with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd; the twon & castle surrendered. de Montfort then headed south for London, where a panicked Henry took refuge in the Tower. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (which Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). In October 1263 Richard Duke of Cornwall (Henry's brother) son Henry defected to Montfort. Simon received a triumphal entry into London July 1263 & Henry capitulated at the Tower of London on July 13, 1263. Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took the throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronian discont ent simmered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sums from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry. Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success, thereafter Hnery ceeded much of his power to his son. Henry III ran afoul of his barons (again) when he requested a large amount of money to aid him in putting down Gaston de Béarn's 2nd rebellion in Gascony, saying that de Béarn's ally St. Ferdinand III King of Castile was going to invade Gascony, but just as he said this, Simon de Montfort returned to England & told the barons that Henry was actually negotiating with the St. Ferdinand III to marry his daughter Eleanor to Henry's son Crown Prince Edward "Longshanks" (de Montfort's commetns were true). At this point, with Henry's many debacles, his lack of resolve & constancy, the reforms were going to be made with or without his participation. REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. When Richard was coronated, he did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white". The Jews did the worst of all under the pious Henry III as during his reign the church felt threatened by violence, war, schism & heresy. The church encouraged Jewish pogroms & spread rumors of grisly rituals & murders committed by Jews. Henry, as a faithful son of the church, did nothing to restrain it. Non-standard gedcom data: 1 _MDCL Reddish hair & fair complected, middle height.
  
  === ! Source: Encyclopedia Britanica, Vol. X ===
  ! Source: Encyclopedia Britanica, Vol. XV, pp. 439-440 ! Note: The claim that the above couple had dau. Mary cannot be accepted (see ! Eng.120) ! Possibly this has been misconstrued with Mary, possible dau. of Edmund, ! "Crouchback", and therefore grandaughter of Henry III. On the supposition ! that Mary was the dau. of Henry III, She was erroneously sealed to the above ! couple on 18 May 1933. Ordinance work for a supposed son Robert was also ! erroneously done, and he was sealed to this couple 14 May 1938. However, ! there is no positive evidence that Henry III had a son Robert. Came to throne 1216 at the age of 9, didn't rule until 1227. Ruled until 1272. He was a tyrant and the nobles revolted against his rule. Simon de Montfort ( leader of the nobles) summoned Parliament in 1265, effectively disposing him as King. During the rest of his life his son Edward ruled.
  
  === "Henry III, who ruled for 56 years, grew ===
  "Henry III, who ruled for 56 years, grew into a pious, gentle man, a patron of the religious arts, shrewd rather than subtle, imbued with concern for the image of the monarchy, but, even as an adult, unable to transmute that concern into the effective political action which was essential to successful medieval kingship. Like his father, he found it hard to gain or keep the trust of his barons, and, also like his father, became involved in bitter conflict with them. His problems were compounded by the English failure to recapture the lost Plantagenet dominions, despite immense financial outlay." {-"The Plantagenet Chronicles," Elizabeth Hallam (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1986, p. 323.)} His story is well told in the popular historical novel by Thomas B. Costain, "The Magnificent Century" (Doubleday & Co., 1951). HENRY III (1216-72 AD) Henry III was the first son of John and Isabella of Angouleme, born in 1207. Age nine when he was crowned, Henry's early reign featured two regents: William the Marshall governed until his death in 1219, and Hugh de Burgh until Henry came to the throne in 1232. His education was provided by Peter des Roche, Bishop of Winchester. He married Eleanor of Provence in 1236, who bore him four sons and two daughters. Henry inherited a troubled kingdom: London and most of the southeast was in the hands of the French Dauphin Louis and the northern regions were under control of rebellious barons - only the midland and southwest were loyal to the boy king. The barons, however, soon sided with Henry (their quarrel was with his father, not him), and the old Marshall expelled the French Dauphin from English soil by 1217. Henry was a cultivated man, but a lousy politician. His court was inundated by Frenchmen and Italians who came at the behest of Eleanor, whose relations were handed important Church and state positions. His father and uncle left him an impoverished kingdom; Henry financed costly, fruitless wars with extortionate taxation. Inept diplomacy and failed war led Henry to sell his hereditary claims to all the Angevin possessions in France, save Gascony (which was held as a fief of the French crown) and Calais. Henry's failures incited hostilities among a group of barons led by his brother-in-law, Simon de Montfort. Henry was forced to agree to a wide ranging plan of reforms, the Provisions of Oxford. His later papal absolution from adhering to the Provisions prompted a baronial revolt in 1263, and Henry was summoned to the first Parliament, a gathering of two knights from every shire and county and a forerunner to the modern House of Commons. Parliament insisted that a council be imposed on the king to advise on policy decisions. He was prone to the infamous Plantagenet temper, but could also be sensitive and quite pious - ecclesiastical architecture reached its apex in Henry's reign. The old king, after an extremely long reign of fifty-six years, died in 1272. He found no success in war, but opened up English culture to the cosmopolitanism of the continent. Although viewed as a failure as a politician, his reign defined the English monarchical position until the end of the fifteenth century: kingship limited by law - the repercussions of which influenced the English Civil War in the reign of Charles I , and extended into the nineteenth century queenship of Victoria . from Monarchs of Britain..Britannia magazine website. from Homer Beers James website: He was only nine years old when his father died, and he was crowned king of England, on October 28, 1216. William Marshal was persuaded by King John's executors to become rector of the king and kingdom. The king's mother, Isabel of Angouleme, left England and married again (1220), the Marshal died (1219), and Hubert de Burgh ruled undisturbed until 1223. Then Henry, aged sixteen, became fully responsible for the disposal of his seals, castle, lands, and wardships. He was also Earl of Winchester. In 1227 he declared himself of age; in 1232 he depr ived Hubert de Burgh, who ruled as regent and justiciary, of all his offices; and in 1234 he took administration into his own hands. On January 14, 1236, he married Eleanor of Provence, daughter of Raymond Berengar (Berenger) IV., Count of Provence, 1222-1291, and his wife, Beatrix of Savoy. Eleanor was also the sister-in-law of St. Louis, King of France, and niece of Amadeus IV., Count of Savoy. Henry III. reigned in the period from 1216 to 1272. He was memorable because he showed himself unfitted to exercise supreme power (1234-1258). By acting as if the Magna Charta had never been, he provoked the opposition of the barons and made possible the rise of Simon de Montfort. Dante represents him in Purgatory among those punished for being negligent rulers. Unsuccessful in war, whether in Wales (1228) or Gascony (1242-43), he was equally unsuccessful at home, and the defeat of Simon de Montfort's baronial rebellion was due not to Henry but to his son, Edward I. After his death Queen Eleanor became a nun at Ambresbury in Wiltshire and died there on June 24, 1291.
  
  === King 1216-1272 House of Angevins. He wa ===
  King 1216-1272 House of Angevins. He was nine when his father John died. Henry was interested in castles, houses, art and religion. He rebuilt Westminster Abbey. He wasted a lot of money trying to get back lands in France. His barons did not like the way he ruled and took control of the country led by Simon de Monfort who won the Battle of Lewes in 1264. Henry and his son got back control of the country after Simon was killed at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Ratified the Magna Carta and it became and remains the cornerstone of English Law. 14 May 1264 = Henry III captured by Simon de Montfort at Lewes Update: from Queen's Official Web Site 8/10/97. The Plantagenets Henry III Henry III (reigned 1216-1272), John's son, was only nine when he became king. By 1227, when he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored based on his acceptance of Magna Carta. However, the king's failed campaigns in France, his choice of foreigners as friends and advisers, together with the cost of his scheme to make one of his younger sons king of Sicily and help the Pope against the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the barons and united opposition in Church and State. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259) were attempts by the nobles to curb the king's power, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1264 and war broke out. The barons under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful, but Henry and his son, Edward, finally defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the king also promised to uphold Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster.
  
  === Henry took up the cross at his coronatio ===
  Henry took up the cross at his coronation on 28 October 1216 when he was only nine years old and went to the crusades in 1250.
  
  === Henry reigned for 56 years, the longest ===
  Henry reigned for 56 years, the longest of any king of England. The reign was not a peaceful one. The king showed a very weak character and lost favor with the barons, some of whom joined in open rebellion. It was during this reign taht England lost dominion over the French provinces.
  
  === note ===
  Henry III, King of England[William Orcutt.FTW]
  Line 16007: (New PAF RIN=1368) 1 BURI 2 PLAC Westminster Abbey,,,
  Sources: Dict of Natl Biog, Eng Pub A V6 p597, V17 p179,180, V26 p12-31; Royal
  Dau of England Eng 120 V1 p60, 120-9; Scots Peerage, Scot 2b V1 p6; Tab Souv.
  Gen France 22 Tab 31,46,51; Burke's Peerage, Eng P 1949, pref p253-4;
  Plantagenet Ancestry Eng 116; Espolin (GS#12462 pt1 p98-9.
  Claim that Henry III and Eleanor had a Dau named Mary not substantiated See Eng.
  120). No positive evidence that they had a son named Robert either, alto some
  temple work done for each (Mary sealed 18 May 1933; Robert 14 Mar 1938).
  [Aedd Mawr.FTW]
  
  [Brøderbund WFT Vol. 21, Ed. 1, Tree #2452, Date of Import: Feb 27, 2000]
  
  Henry III, Eldest son of John; born October 1, 1207. at Winchester; married Eleanor of Provence, January 14, 1236. After his death she became a nun, and she died June 24, 1291. He died November 16, 1272, at St. Edmundsbury, Crowned October 28, 1216 (age 9 years). Buried at Westminister Abby, which he had finished.
  
  pg 3, "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists" by Frederick Lewis Weiss, 6th Edition
  
  pg lii, Burkes's "Peerage etc", 1970 edition
  
  pg 4, "The Plantagenet Ancestry" by W.H. Turton, published 1928
  
  Please tell me about ANY errors, as this data base is constantly improving. If the name you want is not in this data base, I don't have it.
  
  SURNAME: Also shown as HENRY
  
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as King III
  
  SURNAME: Also shown as PLANTAGENET
  
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry
  
  SURNAME: Also shown as KING ENGLAND
  
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry
  
  BURIAL: Also shown as Buried Nov 1272
  
  SUFFIX: Also shown as III
  
  GIVEN NAMES: Also shown as Henry III of England

• m. 14 JAN 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England

1. Béatrice of England, Countess of Richmond, b. 24 JUN 1242 in Bordeaux, Gironde, Aquitaine, France     d. 24 MAR 1274 in London, London, England
2. Edward King of England Longshanks I, b. 17 JUN 1239 in Westminster, London, England     d. 7 JUL 1307 in Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, England
3. Edmund Crouchback, b. 16 JAN 1245 in London, Middlesex, England     d. 5 JUN 1296 in Bayonne, Departement des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Aquitaine, France

1. Title: American Genealogical-Biographical Index (AGBI)
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/3599/records/1085687;
   
2. Title: The house of Plantagenet: English Monarchs
   Publication: Name: http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_4.htm;
   
3. Title: William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, Regent for King Henry III
   Author: William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, Regent for King Henry III.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke;
   
4. Title: Henry III, "Encyclopedia Britannica"
   Publication: Name: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-III-king-of-England-1207-1272;
   
5. Title: Winchester Castle
   Author: Winchester Castle.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_Castle;
   
6. Title: Plantagenet Family Tree
   Author: Plantagenet Family Tree .
   Publication: Name: http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/images/genealogical_tables/gt_plantagenet_2.jpg;
   
7. Title: Henry III, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLW-9C2F : 24 February 2022), Henry III, ; Burial, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France, Fontevraud Abbey; citing reco
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLW-9C2F;
   
8. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: Matilda la Zouche
   Author: Attached 29 April 2016 by TPatin Modified • History 6 May 2016 by TPatin Reason This Source Is Attached • Edit British Isles - England, Untitled Nobility P-S, p. 105:
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISHNOBILITYMEDIEVAL3T-Z.htm#MatildaZoucheMRobertHoland;
   Note: EUSTACE FitzJohn (before 1100-1157). A charter of King Henry I dated 1133 is witnessed by Payn FitzJohn, Eustache and William his brothers. "…Eustachius filius Johannis…" witnessed the charter of Ramsey abbey dated to [1133/37] which records that "Walterus de Bolebeche…Heylenius uxor sua et Hugo filius suus" donated "terram de Waltone." "Walter de Gaunt" founded Bridlington priory, with the assent of Henry I King of England, by undated charter, witnessed by "…Eustace FitzJohn…" An undated charter records the foundation of Alnwick Abbey, Northumberland by ”Eustachius filius Johannis,” for the soul of “Ivonis de Vescy” and the health of “Willielmi de Vescy filii mei.” “Eustachius filius Johannis…et uxor mea Agneta” founded Watton priory by charter dated to [1150]. m firstly Beatrice de Vescy, daughter of Yves de Vescy Lord of Alnwick and Malton, Yorkshire & his wife [Alda Tyson]. m firstly Eustace FitzJohn (before 1100-1157). A manuscript concerning the founders of Watton priory records the marriage of "Eustachius filius Johannis" and "filia et hærede Ivonis de Vescey," adding that she died giving birth to their son William. An undated charter recording the foundation of Alnwick Abbey, Northumberland recites a donation by "Willielmi de Vescy, filii Eustachii, filii Johannis," for the souls of "patris mei Eustachii et matris meæ Beatricis." m secondly as her first husband, Agnès, daughter of William FitzNeel Constable of Chester, Baron of Halton & his wife ---. "Eustachius filius Johannis…et uxor mea Agneta" founded Watton priory by charter dated to [1150]. "Agnes filia Willelmi constabularii Cestrie" confirmed an exchange of property made by "dominus Eustachius vir meus" with the nuns of Watton, for the souls of "Ricardi filii mei et Galfridi," by charter dated to [1150/57], witnessed by "…Rogerus filius Willelmi constabularii…". Agnes married secondly (after 1157) Robert FitzCount.
   Page: British Isles - England, Kings 1066-1603 , p. 68: HENRY, son of JOHN King of England & his second wife Isabelle Ctss d'Angoulême (Winchester Castle 1 Oct 1207-Palace of Westminster 16 Nov 1272, bur Westminster Abbey). Matthew Paris records that "Isabel Anglorum regina" have birth “in die sancti Remigii” 1207 to “Johanni regi filium suum primogenitum...Henricus”[684]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the birth "die S Remigii" [1207] of "filium…Henricus" to "regina Isabel"[685]. He succeeded his father 28 Oct 1216 as HENRY III King of England. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the coronation "apud Bristowe…V Kal Nov" [1216] of King Henry[686]. Crowned Gloucester Cathedral 28 Oct 1216[687], and again Westminster Abbey 17 May 1220. The Chronicle of Ralph of Coggeshall records the coronation in 1220 "die Pentecostem…XVI Kal Jun" of King Henry at Westminster[688]. He formally renounced the duchy of Normandy under the Treaty of Paris Dec 1259. King Henry planned grandiose schemes to increase England's influence in Europe, through installing his younger son as king of Sicily and with his brother as king of Germany, but failed in their successful implementation. His reign was bedevilled by domestic difficulties with the English barons, triggered partly by his inability to control his wife's relations whose establishment in England he encouraged. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the death "die S Eadmundi Cantuar. archiepiscopi" 16 Nov 1272 of King Henry III and his burial at Westminster[689]. m (Betrothed 22 Jun 1235, Canterbury Cathedral 14 Jan 1236) ELEONORE de Provence, daughter of RAYMOND BERENGER IV Comte de Provence & his wife Béatrice de Savoie (Aix-en-Provence [1223]-Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire 24/25 Jun 1291, bur Amesbury Abbey). A charter dated 22 Jun 1235 records the marriage agreement between "Henricus III Angliæ Rex" and "Amedeo IV Sab. Com. ac Willelmo electo Valentino fratribus…nepte, sororis illorum, comitissæ Provinciæ, filia"[691]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage "Id Jan" [1236] in Canterbury of King Henry III and "Alienoram filiam comitis Proventiæ" and their joint coronation in London "XIII Kal Feb"[692]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who also states her parentage, and her coronation as Queen Consort 19/20 Jan 1236 at Westminster Abbey[693]. Her marriage signalled the establishment of close ties between the English court and the house of Savoy, the foreign immigrants becoming increasingly unpopular in England and contributing to the difficulties experienced by King Henry III with his barons. The testament of "Beatricis relictæ Raimundi Berengarii comitis Provinciæ", dated 14 Jan 1264, confirms her previous testaments appointing "Reginarum filiarum suarum Margarethæ Franciæ et Alienoræ Angliæ…" as her heirs[694]. She became a nun at Amesbury Abbey, Wiltshire 7 Jul 1284. The Annales Londonienses record the death "in crastino Sancti Johannis Baptistæ" in 1291 of "Elianora mater regis Edwardi" and her burial "apud Ambresbury in festo nativitate beatæ Virginis"[695].
   
9. Title: Foundation For Medieval Genealogy - Medieval Lands - Henry III
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#HenryIIIdied1272B;
   
10. Title: Henry III of England, "Ancient History Encyclopedia"
    Publication: Name: https://www.ancient.eu/Henry_III_of_England/;
    
11. Title: Henry III, "Royal Encyclopedia"
    Publication: Name: https://www.royal.uk/henry-iii-r-1216-1272;
    
12. Title: Henry III, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLW-9C2F : 24 February 2022), Henry III, ; Burial, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France, Fontevraud Abbey; citing record ID 91818248, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLW-9C2F;
    
13. Title: Copy of Isabell, da. of King John; John L. Vivian The Visitations of Cornwall
    Author: Lt. Col. J.L. Vivian "The Visitations of Cornwall comprising the Heralds Visitations of 1530, 1574 and 1620." Exeter 1887.
    Note: Pages 30 "Bevill of Gwarnacke.... Isabell, da. of King John, styled Isabell le Blanche, Harl M.S. 4031, fo. 76, elsewhere Isabell, sister of K. Hen III. [She married] Sir Robert Fitz Yva, ob. 12[]7. [Their son was] Richard Fitz Yva ob. 1281. [His daughter] Isabell, ob. 4 April 1313 [She married] Sir Belym Heligan, ob. 1312 [Their son] Richard Heligan ob. 13[]6, [married] Margaret, da. of Sir Roger Prideaux, ob. 130[] [Their daughter] Isabella, da. and coh. [married] John Petyt. [Their son] John Petyt ob. 1363 [married] Johanna, da. and coh. of Sir Oliver Carminowe " .
    Page: Mentioned by J.L. Vivian as being brother to Isabelle la Blanche
    
14. Title: John, King of England, in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xxii and xxiii [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xxii and xxiii
    Note: John, King of England, in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xxii and xxiii [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: John, King of England, in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xxii and xxiii [See document in the Memories section]
    
15. Title: ORIGINAL SOURCE Pedigree Charts in "The Genealogie or Pedegree" by Sir William Segar, Garter
    Author: Book: Coles Of Devon, 1867 (25.html) by James Edwin-Cole Source 7:www Genealogy or pedegree of the .... Sir William Cole... written in 1630 by Segar, William, Sir, -1633
    Publication: Name: http://ephotocaption.com/a/25/1391150.pdf;
    
16. Title: Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22
    Author: London, England: Oxford University Press; Volume: Vol 11; Page: 474
    Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/collections/1981/records/10003776;
    
17. Title: Henry III of England, "New World Encyclopedia"
    Publication: Name: https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Henry_III_of_England;
    
18. Title: Henry III King of England - Medlands - FMG
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#HenryIIIdied1272B;
    
19. Title: Interment place of King Henry III
    Author: FindAGrave.com, memorial number 1954
    Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1954/henry_iii;
    Note: Henry III, born 1 October 1207, at Winchester, City of Winchester, Hampshire, England; died 16 November 1272 at Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England, buried at Westminster Abbey.
    Page: This information comes from his Interment record.
    
20. Title: Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22
    Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/1981/records/28754;
    
21. Title: Henry III of England, "Wikipedia"
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England;
    
22. Title: History Extra: 10 things you (probably) didn’t know about Henry III
    Publication: Name: https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/henry-iii-facts-king-john-monarch-royal-magna-carta/;
    
23. Title: Henry, "Foundation For Medieval Genealogy"
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#HenryIIIdied1272B;
    
24. Title: Henry III, "English Monarchs"
    Publication: Name: http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_4.htm;
    
25. Title: Shows relationship between Richard and King Henry III
    Publication: Name: https://youtu.be/yHXlYDsMILY;
    
26. Title: Royal Encyclopedia: Henry III
    Publication: Name: https://www.royal.uk/henry-iii-r-1216-1272;
    
27. Title: The Gothic King of England: A Biography Henry III, by John Paul
    Author: The Medievla Book Reviews 8:THe Gothic King: A Biography of King Henry III by John Paul Davis.
    Publication: Name: http://www.royalhistorian.com/the-medieval-book-reviews-8-the-gothic-king-a-biography-of-henry-iii-by-john-paul-davis/;
    Note: "Henry III (r. 1216-1272) is one of England’s least known Kings. Despite reigning for fifty-six years – the majority of the thirteenth century – there are few people today who can list the main achievements and accomplishments of his reign." (http://www.royalhistorian.com/the-medieval-book-reviews-8-the-gothic-king-a-biography-of-henry-iii-by-john-paul-davis/)
    Page: I wanted to attach this source because this guy seemed like he need a chance to have temple ordinances, but that could not be done if there wasn't more info. on him. So I decided to at least make it possible for him to recieve these ordinances like so many others were able to.
    
28. Title: English Monarchs: Henry III
    Publication: Name: http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/plantagenet_4.htm;
    
29. Title: Pedigree of Kings descending from William the Conqueror in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 2, Pedigree XV [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 2, Pedigree XV
    Note: Pedigree of Kings descending from William the Conqueror in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 2, Pedigree XV [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Pedigree of Kings descending from William the Conqueror in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 2, Pedigree XV [See document in the Memories section]
    
30. Title: Pedigree Charts in "The Genealogie or Pedegree" by Sir William Segar, Garter
    Author: Book: Coles Of Devon, 1867 (25.html) by James Edwin-Cole Source 7:www Genealogy or pedegree of the .... Sir William Cole... written in 1630 by Segar, William, Sir, -1633
    Publication: Name: http://ephotocaption.com/a/25/1391150.pdf;
    
31. Title: King Henry III, "Britroyals"
    Publication: Name: https://www.britroyals.com/plantagenet.asp?id=henry3;
    
32. Title: Henry III, "BBC History"
    Publication: Name: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/henry_iii_king.shtml;
    
33. Title: Henry III, King of England, "The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages by Robert E. Bjork"
    Publication: Name: https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624-e-2758;
    
34. Title: Henry III, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVJ1-BVR4 : 12 December 2022), Henry III, ; Burial, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England, Westminster Abbey; citing record ID 1954, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVJ1-BVR4;
    
35. Title: en.Wikipedia Henry III of England
    Author: King of England Reign 28 October 1216 – 16 November 1272 Coronation 28 October 1216, Gloucester 17 May 1220, Westminster Abbey Predecessor John Successor Edward I Born 1 October 1207 Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England Died 16 No
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England;
    
36. Title: Henry III of England, "History Today"
    Publication: Name: https://www.historytoday.com/archive/henry-iii-england;