Alan Fergant Count of Brittany IV

• Preferred Name: Alan Fergant Count of Brittany IV^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: OCT 1119 in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, France at LATI: N8.1667 LONG: E1.5
  
• Nickname:
  
• Military: 1098 with note: Description: First Crusade
  
• MilitaryService: First CrusadeBET 1098 AND 1101 with note: Wikipedia.
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: House of Cornouaille
  
• FSID: L2QK-S7H
  
• Death: 13 OCT 1119 in Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, France at LATI: N7.6526 LONG: E2.083
  
• Birth: 1063 in Châteaulin, Finistère, Brittany, France at LATI: N8.1969 LONG: E4.0881
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Wikiwand-
  
  Alan IV (born circa 1063; died 13 October 1119) was Duke of Brittany from 1084 until his abdication in 1112. He was also Count of Nantes (from c. 1103) and Count of Rennes. His parents were Duchess Hawise and Duke Hoel II. He is also known as Alan Fergant. Through his father, he was of the Breton House of Cornouaille dynasty (Breton: Kerne dynasty). He was the last Breton-speaking Duke of Brittany.
  
  Norman Conflict
  A traditional rivalry between Brittany and Normandy continued at the close of the 11th century. The Breton-Norman war of 1064-1065 was the result of William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy (later to become known as William the Conqueror) support of rebels in Brittany against Alan's maternal uncle, Conan II.
  
  Conan II died in late 1066 during a campaign in Anjou, and was succeeded by Alan's parents, Conan's sister Hawise as Duchess and her husband Hoel II as Consort. Hoel ruled as Regent of Brittany from Duchess Hawise's death in 1072 until Alan reached his majority in 1084.
  
  To prevent further hostilities during his invasion of England, William I married his daughter Constance to the new duke Alan in 1087.The marriage ceremonies may have taken place in Bayeux in Normandy. William of Malmesbury wrote that Constance was unpopular at the Breton court because of her "severe and conservative" manner. However, Orderic Vitalis wrote that as duchess Constance did all she could to further the welfare of the Bretons, who grieved deeply at her death in 1090.
  
  In 1092 Alan IV donated property to the abbey of Redon by charter, and by 1093 married Ermengarde of Anjou, as a political alliance with Fulk IV of Anjou to counter Anglo-Norman influence.
  
  Duke Alan IV's cousin Geoffrey I Boterel (eldest brother of Alan Rufus) died on 24 August 1093 in battle at Dol while in rebellion against the Duke.
  
  Between 1101 and 1104, Alan's younger brother, Count Matthew of Nantes, died without issue and his county passed to Alan.
  
  Alan IV abdicated as Duke in 1112. The former Duke retired to the monastery of Redon, where he died in 1119.
  
  Crusader
  In 1098 Alan went on the First Crusade, as part of the army of Robert Curthose, leaving Ermengarde as his regent, and returned in 1101.
  
  Family
  Alan IV married Constance in 1087. Constance died in 1090. They had no children.
  
  Alan's second marriage was to Ermengarde of Anjou in 1093. With Ermengarde he had three children:
  
  1.) Geoffrey - died young
  
  2.) Conan - his successor as Duke of Brittany
  
  3.) Hawise - she married Count Baldwin VII of Flanders, also known as Hawise Fergant. They divorced and had no issue. Hawise remarried and had issue from this marriage with Geoffrey (1082-1141) - son of Odo I.
  
  Alan and Ermengarde were separated upon his abdication as Duke in 1112.
  
  He had two illegitimate sons, Brian Fitzcount and Guihomar.
  
  Succession
  Alan IV died in 1119 at the monastery of Redon, where he had retired after his abdication in 1112, and separation from his wife Ermengarde. His only surviving son, Conan III succeeded him.
  
  BIO
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#AlainIVdied1119B as of 2/2/2016
  
  ALAIN de Cornouaïlle, son of HOËL Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Havise de Bretagne (-13 Oct 1119). The Chroni
  === Life Sketch ===
  Wikiwand-
  
  Alan IV (born circa 1063; died 13 October 1119) was Duke of Brittany from 1084 until his abdication in 1112. He was also Count of Nantes (from c. 1103) and Count of Rennes. His parents were Duchess Hawise and Duke Hoel II. He is also known as Alan Fergant. Through his father, he was of the Breton House of Cornouaille dynasty (Breton: Kerne dynasty). He was the last Breton-speaking Duke of Brittany.
  
  Norman Conflict
  A traditional rivalry between Brittany and Normandy continued at the close of the 11th century. The Breton-Norman war of 1064-1065 was the result of William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy (later to become known as William the Conqueror) support of rebels in Brittany against Alan's maternal uncle, Conan II.
  
  Conan II died in late 1066 during a campaign in Anjou, and was succeeded by Alan's parents, Conan's sister Hawise as Duchess and her husband Hoel II as Consort. Hoel ruled as Regent of Brittany from Duchess Hawise's death in 1072 until Alan reached his majority in 1084.
  
  To prevent further hostilities during his invasion of England, William I married his daughter Constance to the new duke Alan in 1087.The marriage ceremonies may have taken place in Bayeux in Normandy. William of Malmesbury wrote that Constance was unpopular at the Breton court because of her "severe and conservative" manner. However, Orderic Vitalis wrote that as duchess Constance did all she could to further the welfare of the Bretons, who grieved deeply at her death in 1090.
  
  In 1092 Alan IV donated property to the abbey of Redon by charter, and by 1093 married Ermengarde of Anjou, as a political alliance with Fulk IV of Anjou to counter Anglo-Norman influence.
  
  Duke Alan IV's cousin Geoffrey I Boterel (eldest brother of Alan Rufus) died on 24 August 1093 in battle at Dol while in rebellion against the Duke.
  
  Between 1101 and 1104, Alan's younger brother, Count Matthew of Nantes, died without issue and his county passed to Alan.
  
  Alan IV abdicated as Duke in 1112. The former Duke retired to the monastery of Redon, where he died in 1119.
  
  Crusader
  In 1098 Alan went on the First Crusade, as part of the army of Robert Curthose, leaving Ermengarde as his regent, and returned in 1101.
  
  Family
  Alan IV married Constance in 1087. Constance died in 1090. They had no children.
  
  Alan's second marriage was to Ermengarde of Anjou in 1093. With Ermengarde he had three children:
  
  1.) Geoffrey - died young
  
  2.) Conan - his successor as Duke of Brittany
  
  3.) Hawise - she married Count Baldwin VII of Flanders, also known as Hawise Fergant. They divorced and had no issue. Hawise remarried and had issue from this marriage with Geoffrey (1082-1141) - son of Odo I.
  
  Alan and Ermengarde were separated upon his abdication as Duke in 1112.
  
  He had two illegitimate sons, Brian Fitzcount and Guihomar.
  
  Succession
  Alan IV died in 1119 at the monastery of Redon, where he had retired after his abdication in 1112, and separation from his wife Ermengarde. His only surviving son, Conan III succeeded him.
  
  BIO
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#AlainIVdied1119B as of 2/2/2016
  
  ALAIN de Cornouaïlle, son of HOËL Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Havise de Bretagne (-13 Oct 1119). The Chroni

• m. 1093 in France

1. Conan Le Gros Duke of Brittany III, b. 1096     d. 17 SEP 1148
2. Hawise de Rennes, b. environ 1090 in Rohan, Morbihan, Bretagne, França     d. 1190 in Harrington, Northamptonshire, Inglaterra
3. Conan Duke of Brittany III, b. 1095 in Mortaigne Au Perche, Orne, Normandy, France     d. 17 SEP 1148 in Bretagne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Aquitaine, France

• m. ABT 1086/87 in Caen, Calvados, France

1. Title: Alain Fergant in Geoffrey of Monmouth, pgs. 62 and 144 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Geoffrey of Monmouth, pgs. 62 and 144
   Note: Alain Fergant in Geoffrey of Monmouth, pgs. 62 and 144 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Alain Fergant in Geoffrey of Monmouth, pgs. 62 and 144 [See document in the Memories section]
   
2. Title: Hoel, Alain Fergent and Conan III, Dukes of Britanny, in La Participation de la Bretagne a la Conquete de l'Angelterre, pg. 10 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: La Participation de la Bretagne a la Conquete de l'Angelterre, pg. 10
   Note: Hoel, Alain Fergent and Conan III, Dukes of Britanny, in La Participation de la Bretagne a la Conquete de l'Angelterre, pg. 10 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Hoel, Alain Fergent and Conan III, Dukes of Britanny, in La Participation de la Bretagne a la Conquete de l'Angelterre, pg. 10 [See document in the Memories section]
   
3. Title: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v
   Note: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   
4. Title: Alain Fergant and Constance in Histoire de France, pg. 218-219 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Histoire de France, pg. 218-219
   Note: Alain Fergant and Constance in Histoire de France, pg. 218-219 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Alain Fergant and Constance in Histoire de France, pg. 218-219 [See document in the Memories section]
   
5. Title: Hoel de Cornouaille and Alain Fergant in Recherches Historiques et Topographiques sur les Compagnons de Guillaume le Conquerant, pg. 145 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Recherches Historiques et Topographiques sur les Compagnons de Guillaume le Conquerant, pg. 145
   Note: Hoel de Cornouaille and Alain Fergant in Recherches Historiques et Topographiques sur les Compagnons de Guillaume le Conquerant, pg. 145 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Hoel de Cornouaille and Alain Fergant in Recherches Historiques et Topographiques sur les Compagnons de Guillaume le Conquerant, pg. 145 [See document in the Memories section]
   
6. Title: Wikiwand: Redon Abbey
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Redon_Abbey;
   Note: Redon Abbey, or Abbey of Saint-Sauveur, Redon ("Abbey of the Holy Saviour"; French: Abbaye Saint-Sauveur de Redon), in Redon in the present Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, France, is a former Benedictine abbey founded in 832 by Saint Conwoïon, at the point where the Oust flows into the Vilaine, on the border between Neustria and Brittany. History In 832 Ratwili, a local noble, gave Conwoïon and his companions a piece of land on a bleak hill (locus desertus) overlooking the confluence of the Oust and the Vilaine, where Conwoïon founded a monastery, dedicated to the Holy Saviour, and became its first abbot. Both Count Ricwin of Nantes and Raginarius (Rainer), Bishop of Vannes, refused at first to support the new foundation, and influenced the Emperor Louis the Pious against it. In 834 however the new monastery gained the patronage of Nominoe, princeps and later the first Duke of Brittany, as evidenced by his charter to it, which was witnessed by Bishop Raginarius, who had apparently overcome his initial opposition. After determined intervention on Conwoïon's behalf by both Ermor, Bishop of Aleth, and Felix, Bishop of Quimper, the Emperor Louis consented to recognise the new foundation, on 27 November 834. In a diploma of 850 Charles the Bold, Louis' successor, granted it immunity and confirmed his protection. Conwoïon's relations to Raginarius's successor, Bishop Susannus of Vannes (838-848) were however apparently strained, as Conwoïon denounced him for his mode of life to the pope. It was the next bishop, Courantgern (850-868), who at length abolished the episcopal supervision of the abbey because of Norman raids, which made it too dangerous for monks to travel overland to Vannes for their ordination. When the founder, Ratwili, fell ill, the monks were able to cure him. Out of gratitude he sent his son Liberius into the monastery as an oblate and made it further gifts of land. The abbey also received numerous gifts from local free peasants (machtierni), which admittedly were often contested by their relatives. Additionally, in the Frankish lands east of the Vilaine the abbey gradually acquired possessions, which they increased by strategic land purchases. Some smaller monasteries seem to have put themselves under the authority of Redon, more or less willingly. By 870 there were already 25 monks in the community. In 863 Salomon, Duke of Brittany, (857-874) gave the abbey an estate at Plélan, where Conwoïon built a church and a monastery, dedicated to Saint Maixent from the wonder-working relics held there of Saint Maxentius of Poitou (French: Maixent). In 867 Conwoïon stepped down from the office of abbot on account of his advanced age, and died a year later, on 5 January 868. His successor was Ritcant (867-871). During his leadership Redon, like the whole region round the mouths of the Loire and the Vilaine, suffered greatly from the attacks of the heathen Normans. In 852 the church escaped destruction only by an apparent miracle: the Normans were sailing up the Loire in two fleets, when they were forced by a storm to take shelter in the abandoned church, where they lit the candles from the altar and some drank the communion wine. Those who drank the wine, became delirious and died, while those who had not drunk it, survived. The monks of Redon were at last forced by the invasions to withdraw in 921 to Auxerre and in 924 to Poitou, and were not able to return to their own monastery until the end of the 10th century. The abbey reached its height during the late 11th century and the 12th century, when it governed 27 priories and 12 parishes throughout Brittany, and was a popular pilgrimage destination. Francis I, Duke of Brittany, was particularly fond of Redon and wished to be buried in the abbey. In 1449, as a sign of his favour, he petitioned Pope Eugene IV to have Redon made the seat of a diocese, with the abbot as bishop, and a bull to that effect was issued on 10 June 1449. The neighboring bishops of Rennes, Vannes and Nantes, whose territories would have been reduced by the creation of the new diocese, protested so much, however, that the Pope reversed his decision and issued another bull suppressing it, on 20 December 1449. Francis I was nevertheless buried in the abbey church after his death on 18 July 1450. In 1478 the abbey passed into the control of commendatory abbots, among whom was Cardinal Richelieu, from 1622. It was suppressed in 1790 during the French Revolution. In 1839 the property was acquired by the Eudists, who transformed it into a college. It is now a private Catholic school. Other burials Erispoe Nominoe Alan IV, Duke of Brittany Buildings Under Conwoïon two churches were built, one dedicated to Christ the Saviour (Sanctus Salvator) and the other to the Blessed Virgin Mary. The former, a Romanesque construction, was dedicated on 28 October 832/833. The altar contained relics of Saint Epetème or Apodème, Bishop of Angers (Hypothemius or Apodemius of Angers) which Conwoïon had acquired by dubious means. Pope Leo IV later made the abbey a gift of the relics of Saint Marcellinus of Angers. From 849 Redon also possessed relics of the Breton Saint Melor. The monastery consisted of a dormitory, gatehouse, guesthouse, an infirmary and a garden, where Saint Condeloc worked: among other things he dismissed a plague of caterpillars by an appeal to the Holy Trinity. The former chapter house is now a separate chapel. The crossing tower and parts of the porch are Romanesque, of the 11th century.. The nave, with an octagonal cupola, was extended in the 12th century in the Gothic style, and the transept and the cloister were also added then. The present choir is of the 13th century. A fire in 1780 damaged the nave, and it was rebuilt shorter than it had been previously. This accounts for the separation of the Gothic bell tower, which before the fire was attached to the body of the church. During restorations in 1950 medieval frescoes were revealed. The stained glass is contemporary. Cartulary and archives By the time of Conwoïon's death the abbey apparently already possessed an archive of several hundred documents. About 350 manuscripts from this period have been preserved, but it is certain that between 1773 and 1856 an unknown number of items were lost (Smith 2001, 373). The extensive cartulary of Redon Abbey, containing copies of documents from the foundation up to the 12th century, survives, and has been published in two editions. It is a record of great importance for the history of Brittany.
   
7. Title: Alain Fergant in La Participation de la Bretagne a la Conquete de l'Angleterre, pgs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: La Participation de la Bretagne a la Conquete de l'Angleterre, pgs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11
   Note: Alain Fergant in La Participation de la Bretagne a la Conquete de l'Angleterre, pgs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Alain Fergant in La Participation de la Bretagne a la Conquete de l'Angleterre, pgs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 [See document in the Memories section]
   
8. Title: Alain Fergant and Constance in From Coronet to Crown, pgs. 86, 87, 257 and 272 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: From Coronet to Crown, pgs. 86, 87, 257 and 272
   Note: Alain Fergant and Constance in From Coronet to Crown, pgs. 86, 87, 257 and 272 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Alain Fergant and Constance in From Coronet to Crown, pgs. 86, 87, 257 and 272 [See document in the Memories section]
   
9. Title: Alan Fergent, Duke of Brittany, in The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. II, pg. 104-105 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. II, pg. 104-105
   Note: Alan Fergent, Duke of Brittany, in The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. II, pg. 104-105 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Alan Fergent, Duke of Brittany, in The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. II, pg. 104-105 [See document in the Memories section]
   
10. Title: Alain Fergant in The History of Normandy and of England, pgs. 230, 301, 314, 459, 524, 526 and 527 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The History of Normandy and of England, pgs. 230, 301, 314, 459, 524, 526 and 527
    Note: Alain Fergant in The History of Normandy and of England, pgs. 230, 301, 314, 459, 524, 526 and 527 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant in The History of Normandy and of England, pgs. 230, 301, 314, 459, 524, 526 and 527 [See document in the Memories section]
    
11. Title: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in Chrysler - Forker and Allied Families, pg. 138 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Chrysler - Forker and Allied Families, pg. 138
    Note: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in Chrysler - Forker and Allied Families, pg. 138 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in Chrysler - Forker and Allied Families, pg. 138 [See document in the Memories section]
    
12. Title: Alan Fergant and Constance in A History of England Under the Norman Kings, pg. 466 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: A History of England Under the Norman Kings, pg. 466
    Note: Alan Fergant and Constance in A History of England Under the Norman Kings, pg. 466 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alan Fergant and Constance in A History of England Under the Norman Kings, pg. 466 [See document in the Memories section]
    
13. Title: Alain IV de Bretagne, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV23-GCZ1 : 13 September 2020), Fergant, ; Burial, Redon, Departement d'Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France, Abbaye Saint-Sauveur de Redon; citing record ID 62532752, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV23-GCZ1;
    Note: Obituary found at Find a Grave: Alan IV Fergant "Alan the Strong", Duke of Brittany, Count of Nantes and Rennes, from the Cornwall dynasty. Son of Hoel de Cornuaille V, Count of Kernev and Duke of Brittany and Hawise de Bretagne, Duchess of Brittany. Grandson of Alain Cagniart Count de Cornuaille and Judith de Nantes, Alan III Duke of Brittany m Bertha of Chartres. Alan married Constance, the favorite daughter of William the Conqueror in 1087, but they had no children by the time she died in 1090, supposedly poisoned. Secondly, Alan married Ermengarde of Anjou, the only daughter of Count Fulk IV of Anjou and Hildegarde of Beaugency and previous wife of William of Aquitaine. They married in 1093 and had three children: * Geoffrey, died young * Conan, Duke of Brittany * Hawise, wife of Count Baldwin VII of Flanders (some sources say Geoffrey de Porhoet Vicomte de Porhoet) Alan was born into the war between William the Conqueror and his mother's brother, Conan II. To soothe the path for his invasion of England, William I married his favorite but unpopular in France (due to her "severe attitude" yet beloved by the Britons) daughter Constance to the Alan in 1087. William of Malmesbury believed Alan VI had Constance poisoned but nothing could be proven. In 1092 Alan donated property to the abbey of Redon, and married Ermengarde of Anjou the following year as a political alliance with Fulk IV of Anjou. In 1098 Alan left on the First Crusade leaving Ermengarde as his regent, and returned in 1101. Alan IV abdicated in 1112, and he and Ermengarde were separated as a result. Alan retired to the monastery of Redon, where he died in 1119.
    
14. Title: Juhel Berenger, Conan le Tort, Hoel and Alain Fergant in Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique de Nantes, pg. 135-136 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique de Nantes, pg. 135-136
    Note: Juhel Berenger, Conan le Tort, Hoel and Alain Fergant in Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique de Nantes, pg. 135-136 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Juhel Berenger, Conan le Tort, Hoel and Alain Fergant in Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique de Nantes, pg. 135-136 [See document in the Memories section]
    
15. Title: Alain Fergant in The Conqueror and His Companions, pgs. 82-84, 264-266 and 268 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Conqueror and His Companions, pgs. 82-84, 264-266 and 268
    Note: Alain Fergant in The Conqueror and His Companions, pgs. 82-84, 264-266 and 268 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant in The Conqueror and His Companions, pgs. 82-84, 264-266 and 268 [See document in the Memories section]
    
16. Title: Alain Fergant in The Athenaeum, No. 2435, pg. 860 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Athenaeum, No. 2435, pg. 860
    Note: Alain Fergant in The Athenaeum, No. 2435, pg. 860 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant in The Athenaeum, No. 2435, pg. 860 [See document in the Memories section]
    
17. Title: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, pg. 37-38 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, pg. 37-38
    Note: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, pg. 37-38 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists, pg. 37-38 [See document in the Memories section]
    
18. Title: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. III, pg. 81-82 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. III, pg. 81-82
    Note: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. III, pg. 81-82 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. III, pg. 81-82 [See document in the Memories section]
    
19. Title: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror of 1086 [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://opendomesday.org/;
    Note: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror of 1086 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror of 1086 [See document in the Memories section]
    
20. Title: Alain Fergant in Wace's His Chronicle of the Norman Conquest, pgs. 118, 171 and 245 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Wace's His Chronicle of the Norman Conquest, pgs. 118, 171 and 245
    Note: Alain Fergant in Wace's His Chronicle of the Norman Conquest, pgs. 118, 171 and 245 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant in Wace's His Chronicle of the Norman Conquest, pgs. 118, 171 and 245 [See document in the Memories section]
    
21. Title: Alain Fergant in The Bayeux Tapestry, pg. 72 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Bayeux Tapestry, pg. 72
    Note: Alain Fergant in The Bayeux Tapestry, pg. 72 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant in The Bayeux Tapestry, pg. 72 [See document in the Memories section]
    
22. Title: Hoel, Alain Fergent and Conan III, Duke of Britanny, in Recherches Historiques et Topographiques, pg. 113 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Recherches Historiques et Topographiques, pg. 113
    Note: Hoel, Alain Fergent and Conan III, Duke of Britanny, in Recherches Historiques et Topographiques, pg. 113 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Hoel, Alain Fergent and Conan III, Duke of Britanny, in Recherches Historiques et Topographiques, pg. 113 [See document in the Memories section]
    
23. Title: Pedigree of Hoel, Duke of Brittany, in Ataviae Regiae, pg. 48 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Ataviae Regiae, pg. 48
    Note: Pedigree of Hoel, Duke of Brittany, in Ataviae Regiae, pg. 48 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Pedigree of Hoel, Duke of Brittany, in Ataviae Regiae, pg. 48 [See document in the Memories section]
    
24. Title: Conan, Geoffrey, Hoel and Alan Fergant in L'Historie de Bretaigne, pg. iii, iv [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: L'Historie de Bretaigne, pg. iii, iv
    Note: Conan, Geoffrey, Hoel and Alan Fergant in L'Historie de Bretaigne, pg. iii, iv [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Conan, Geoffrey, Hoel and Alan Fergant in L'Historie de Bretaigne, pg. iii, iv [See document in the Memories section]
    
25. Title: "The Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England: Or, An Historical and Genealogical Account of the Lives, Public Emploiments, and Most Memorable Actions, of the English Nobility who Have Flourished from the Norman Conquest to the Year 1806...,"
    Author: Full Title: "The Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England: Or, An Historical and Genealogical Account of the Lives, Public Emploiments, and Most Memorable Actions, of the English Nobility who Have Flourished from the Norman Conquest to the Year 1806: Deduced from Public Records, Ancient Historians, the Works of Eminent Heralds, and from Other Celebrated and Approved Authorities, Volume 3," by T. Bensley, 1809
    Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=Jfw-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA621&lpg=PA621&dq=Fergaunt&source=bl&ots=fYlE3ZeWDf&sig=YQbIkgUbryax8MGzNzstr726Yig&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy2Yjym4_eAhXBnuAKHZawAMQQ6AEwDHoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=Fergaunt&f=false;
    
26. Title: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in The Allen Memorial, pg. 13 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Allen Memorial, pg. 13
    Note: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in The Allen Memorial, pg. 13 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, in The Allen Memorial, pg. 13 [See document in the Memories section]
    
27. Title: Alan IV Fergent in Through Brittany, pg. 20 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Through Brittany, pg. 20
    Note: Alan IV Fergent in Through Brittany, pg. 20 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alan IV Fergent in Through Brittany, pg. 20 [See document in the Memories section]
    
28. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: ALAIN de Cornouaïlle, son of HOËL Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Havise de Bretagne (-13 Oct 1119)
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BRITTANY.htm#AlainIVdied1119B;
    Note: ALAIN de Cornouaïlle, son of HOËL Comte de Cornouaïlle & his wife Havise de Bretagne (-13 Oct 1119). The Chronicon Briocensi names "Alanum, Mathiam et Benedictum" as the three children of "Hoellus…ex Hadevisa uxore sua." The Flandria Generosa names "comes Alanus" son of "Havisis Namnetensis comitissa," when outlining the basis for the consanguinity between his daughter Havise and her husband Baudouin VII Count of Flanders which constituted grounds for the couple's separation. "Constancius" donated property to the abbey of Redon with the consent of "Jedear uxore mea" and affirmed by "Hoel comes et Haduis comitissa, Alanus et Mathias et Eudo filii eorum" by charter dated before 1072. "Berta comitissa Alani Redonensis ducis uxor" donated property to Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé, for the souls of "filie nostre Hadeuis comitisse Hoelis ducis Britannie conjugis et…filiorum suorum, meorum…nepotum Alani et Mathie," by charter dated 1075, signed by "Alanus nothus filius Conani comitis, Vitalis et Gualterius Carnotenses, familiares comitisse Haduis neptis mee…". He succeeded in 1084 as ALAIN IV "Fergant" Duke of Brittany. "Alanus comes filius Hoeli comitis" confirmed the rights of the abbey of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé by charter dated 1084. "Alano qui et Fergant, Hoeli filio, totius Britannie consule" donated property to the abbey of Redon by charter dated 1092. He accompanied Robert III Duke of Normandy on the First Crusade. Albert of Aix names "…domnus Alens cognomine Fercans, Conans quoque, ambo principes Brittanorum…" among those who took part in the siege of Nikaia, dated to mid-1097 from the context. He abdicated in [1114/16] in favour of his son, becoming a monk at the abbey of Redon: the Annals of St Salvator Redon record that "Alanus Fergent, ex Britonum duce rotonensis monachus, anno 1119 fato functus" was buried at the abbey of Redon. The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1119 of "Alanus Fergent pater Conani." The Chronicon Kemperlegiensis records the death "III Id Oct" in 1119 of "Alanus Fergant junior filius Hoëlis Comitis." m firstly (contract Caen, Bayeux [1086/88]) CONSTANCE of England, daughter of WILLIAM I "the Conqueror" King of England & his wife Mathilde de Flandre (Normandy [1057/1061]-13 Aug 1090, bur Church of St Melans near Rhedon). Guillaume of Jumièges names Constance as second daughter, naming her husband "Alanno Fergant comiti minoris Britanniæ filio...Hoelli" and specifying that she died childless. Orderic Vitalis records that King William I arranged the marriage of "Constantiam filiam suam" and “Alanno Ferganno” at Caen (presumably indicating the finalisation of the marriage contract) and in a later passage that the couple were married at Bayeux. Three different Breton sources record her marriage in different years. The Chronicon Ruyensis Cœnobii records the marriage in 1086 of "Alanus" and "Constantiam filiam Regis Anglorum Guillelmi." The Chronicon Kemperlegiensis records the marriage in 1087 of "Alanus Hoëli Consulis filius" and "Constantiam Guillelmi Regis Anglorum filiam." The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the marriage in 1088 of "Alanus" and "Constantiam filam Regis Guillelmi Anglorum." Orderic "Alanus dux Britannorum et Constantia uxor eius" donated property to the priory of Livré by charter dated 31 Jul 1089. According to William of Malmesbury, "she excited the inhabitants [of Brittany] by the severity of her justice to administer a poisonous potion to her." Orderic Vitalis, on the other hand, says that she "did everything in her power to further the welfare of her subjects" and "was deeply grieved when she died." The Chronicon Britannico Alter records the death in 1090 of "Constantia Alani coniux…sine liberis." The Chronicon Universum in the cartulary of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé records the death in 1090 of "Constantia comitissa filia regis Anglorum." m secondly ([1093]) as her second husband, ERMENGARDE d'Anjou, divorced wife of GUILLAUME IX Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME VII Comte de Poitou], daughter of FOULQUES IV "le Rechin" Comte d'Anjou & his first wife Hildegarde de Baugency ([1068]-Jerusalem 1 Jun 1146, bur Redon). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the daughter of "Fulco" as "comitissam Redonensem" but does not name her. "Fulco Andegavensis comes" donated property to Angers with the consent of "filiis meis Gaufrido et Fulconello et filia mea Ermengarde" by charter dated 23 Jun 1096. William of Tyre names her "Hermingerda," gives her father's name implying that she was born from his fifth marriage, and names her first husband "Pictaviensium comitis Willelmi," records her divorce and names her second husband "comes Brittaniæ." Orderic Vitalis records that "Fergannus comes" married “filiam comitis Andegavorum” after the death of his first wife. The Gesta Consulum Andegavorum records that "comitissa Brittaniæ" was the daughter of Foulques and his first wife "filiam Lancelini de Baugenciaco," adding that she became a nun at "Jerusalem in ecclesia Sanctæ Annæ" after her husband died. The Chronicon Briocensi records the marriage of "Alanus filius primogenitus [Hoelli]" and "Ermengardem filiam Comitis Andegavensis." "Fulco Andecavorum comes nepos Goffridi Martelli…consulis" donated property to Angers with the consent of "Ermenjarde filia sua comitissa Brittaniæ" by charter dated 12 Apr 1109. "Conanus…Britaniaæ dux cum sorore mea Hidevis et matre mea Ermeniart" donated property to the abbey of Sainte-Croix de Quimperlé by charter dated 1118, which names "pater meus Alanus et avus Hoel et attavus Alanus." The necrology of Angers Cathedral records the death "Kal Jun" of "Ermengardis comitissa Britanniæ mater Conan ducis et soror Fulconis regis Hierosolymitani." The Annals of St Salvator Redon record that "Ermengardeque Alani conjugem, vere piam ac religiosam" was buried at the abbey of Redon. Mistresses (1) - (2): ---. The names of Duke Alain's mistresses are not known. Duke Alain IV & his second wife, Ermengarde, had three children: a) HOËL de Bretagne (-1156). b) BERTHE de Bretagne (-[1158/64]). c) [CONSTANCE de Bretagne (-1148).
    
29. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Geoffrey II of Gatinaise, father of Foulques le Rechin
    Author: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANJOU,%20MAINE.htm#GeoffroyIIGatinaisdied1043B
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ANJOU,%20MAINE.htm#GeoffroyIIGatinaisdied1043B;
    Note: GEOFFROY [II] de Gâtinais, son of HUGUES du Perche Comte de Gâtinais & his wife Beatrix de Mâcon (-30 Apr [1043/47]). His parentage is confirmed by the charter dated 26 May 1028 under which Francon Bishop of Paris agreed with "Albericum illius supradicti Gosfredi filium et heredum" concerning a prior grant by the bishop's predecessor to "Gosfrido comiti Landonensi castri", with the approval of "fratribus ipsius Alberici, filiis Hugonis Pertice…Gosfredo et Letoldo"[200]. A genealogy presented by Foulques IV "le Réchin" Comte d'Anjou to the bishop of Angers in [1085], justifying the annulment of his fourth marriage with the daughter of Gauthier Comte de Brienne, states that "ex Letaldo, Albericus natus est, ex Alberico, Beatrix, ex Beatrice, Gosfredus de Castello Landonensi, ex Gaufrido, Gaufridus et Fulco presens"[201]. His name is confirmed by a charter (undated?) under which [his son] Geoffroy III Comte d’Anjou donated fishing rights on the Mayenne river to Angers Saint-Serge, for the souls of “Geoffroy son père et de Geoffroy Martel son oncle”[202]. He succeeded his half-brother as Comte de Gâtinais, Seigneur de Château-Landon. The fact that Aubry Comte de Gâtinais and Geoffroy [II] Comte de Gâtinais were two different individuals, the inevitable conclusion from the two sources cited, is somewhat clouded by the Historia Comitum Andegavorum which records that "Gaufridus Martellus…nepotibus suis" were "filiis Adhelæ sororis suæ et Alberici comitis de Gastinais"[203], by the Chronicle of Saint-Maxence which names "Alberici Contracti comitis de Gastina" as father of "Goffredus et Fulco Rechin"[204], and by Orderic Vitalis who records that “Goisfredus Martellus Andegavensium comes” died childless and left “Goisfredo nepoti suo Alberici Wastinensium comitis filio” as his heir[205]. No source has been identified which confirms Geoffroy’s date of death, but [1043/47] seems a reasonable estimate given the likely dates of birth of his children and the second marriage of his widow. . m ([1035]) as her first husband, ERMENGARDE d'Anjou, daughter of FOULQUES III "Nerra" Comte d'Anjou & his second wife Hildegard [de Metz] ([1015/20]-[church of Fleury-sur-Ouche, Côte d’Or 18 Mar 1076]). The Historiæ Andegavensis names "Goffridi de Castro Landono et Ermengardis filia Fulconis Comitis Andegavensis" as parents of "Fulco comes Andegavensis"[206]. Considering that she gave birth to at least one child by her second marriage, it is unlikely that Ermengarde was born earlier than [1015]. She must therefore have been considerably younger than her brother. Her first marriage is dated very approximately to [1035]. She married secondly ([1049]) as his second wife, Robert I "le Vieux" Duke of Burgundy. Her second marriage is deduced from a genealogy of the Comtes d'Anjou which names "Fulco (pater) Gosfridus et Ermengardis (mater) Gosfridus (et) Fulco (et) Hildegardis, de altero patre, filia Roberti ducis fratris Henrici regis"[207]. Her second marriage is dated from the letter written before [1050] by Jean Abbot of Fécamp to Pope Leo IX recording that "Tedbaldo comite et Burgundionum…duce R" had "abdicatis legitimi thori connumbiis" and had "in inhonestis et consanguinitate fœdatis thalamis"[208]. The necrology of Molesme records the death "XV Kal Apr" of "Robertus dux Burgundie et Ermengardis uxor eius"[209]. This entry suggests that Ermengarde died on the same day as her husband, possibly at the same place and in the same circumstances, although it is not infrequent for medieval necrologies to record couples on the same day maybe in commemoration of a joint donation to the religious institution in question. No other source which elucidates the circumstances of Ermengarde’s death has been identified. Geoffroy & his wife had three children: 1. [HILDEGARDE] de Château-Landon (-after 1060). 2. GEOFFROY de Château-Landon ([1040]-[1096/97]). 3. FOULQUES de Château-Landon (1043-14 Apr 1109, bur Anjou Sainte-Trinité).
    Page: Fulk III “Nerra”, Geoffrey III “le Barbu”, Fulk IV “le Rechin” and Fulk IV “le Jeune”, Comtes d’Anjou, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy [See document in the Memories section]
    
30. Title: Alain Fergant in The Conqueror's Wife, pgs. 236-237, 239 and 244 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Conqueror's Wife, pgs. 236-237, 239 and 244
    Note: Alain Fergant in The Conqueror's Wife, pgs. 236-237, 239 and 244 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant in The Conqueror's Wife, pgs. 236-237, 239 and 244 [See document in the Memories section]
    
31. Title: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in Recherches sur le Domesday ou Liber Censualis D'Angleterre, pg. 71 and 74 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Recherches sur le Domesday ou Liber Censualis D'Angleterre, pg. 71 and 74
    Note: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in Recherches sur le Domesday ou Liber Censualis D'Angleterre, pg. 71 and 74 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant, Alain the Red and Alain the Black in Recherches sur le Domesday ou Liber Censualis D'Angleterre, pg. 71 and 74 [See document in the Memories section]
    
32. Title: owlocation.com -clarification of Alan Fergant and Alan Rufus
    Publication: Name: https://owlcation.com/humanities/CONQUEST-30-ALAN-RUFUS-Breton-Lord-Of-Richmond;
    Note: Alan 'Rufus' and Alan 'Fergant', which was which? Henry I 'Beauclerc' was astute, and lucky to begin with. He inherited the crown of England despite being the fourth son born to the then King William I to reach manhood. Comprehensive royal victory over many powerful barons in AD 1088 greatly strengthened his authority. Henry completed the re-conquest of Normandy from England [that was] begun vigorously by William II and Alan - both known also as 'Rufus. Henry was known to promote his followers on merit, not by birth status which prompted a professional administration. The Exchequer gives a classic example of (an) emergent and effective government department. Some confusion between Alan 'Rufus' and Alan 'Fergant' is persistent and dates back to the Norman chronicler known to us as 'Wace'. Most historians get it right, although the error has filtered into popular genealogy - much like Hereward 'the Wake' in romances such as Jean Plaidy;s Norman Conquest trilogy. The exact relationship between the two is that Alan 'Rufus'', maternal uncle Hoel of Cornouaille was father to 'Fergant', whose mother Duchess Hawise of Brittany was maternal first cousin to 'Rufus'. They were therefore first cousins on one side and first cousins once removed on the other. Both were russet-haired and formidable military leaders. William I had no success against 'Fergant', so he gave the Breton his daughter Constance in appeasement. Alan "Rufus" was the son of Odo (aka Eudes) de Penthievre, who was the brother of Alain III father of Hawise of Brittany. Hawise and Alan Rufus were first cousins. Where does the name 'Fergant' come from? Most knights in those days wore gloves of natural fibres which wore out regularly with heavy riding and fighting. Whilst under siege for rebelling against the young Duke William, Roger of Montgomerie had a pair of replacement gloves poisoned in order to kill Alan III of Brittany, great grandfather of 'Fergant' and former guardian to William. The poison may - or not - have been Gallium, that enters the bloodstream through the pores of the skin, or it may be ingested when the wearer wipes his mouth after removing the glove. Roger II of Montgomerie did the same to Conan II, son of Alan III. William was blamed for this although he was in England at the time. 'Fergant' probably realised this ruse, so he wore fine chain mail gloves that did not wear out. Alan 'Rufus' was smart enough not to fall for the ruse when Roger II rebelled AD 1088 against William II, (also 'Rufus'). He may have also worn fine chain gloves. Wace may have been right in a way, although he has succeeded in confusing others down the years.
    
33. Title: Alan Fergent, Duke of Brittany, in The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. II, pg. 23 Footnote [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. II, pg. 23 Footnote
    Note: Alan Fergent, Duke of Brittany, in The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. II, pg. 23 Footnote [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alan Fergent, Duke of Brittany, in The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Vol. II, pg. 23 Footnote [See document in the Memories section]
    
34. Title: Alain Fergant and Constance in The Bayeux Tapestry, Chart between pages 104 and 105 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Bayeux Tapestry, Chart between pages 104 and 105
    Note: Alain Fergant and Constance in The Bayeux Tapestry, Chart between pages 104 and 105 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant and Constance in The Bayeux Tapestry, Chart between pages 104 and 105 [See document in the Memories section]