Einion ap Owain

• Preferred Name: Einion ap Owain
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: 984
  
• FSID: 93Q4-J1D
  
• Birth: in of Mabelfyw,Cantref Mawr,Carmarthenshire,Wales at LATI: N1.8623 LONG: E3.4353
  
• Birth: ABT 933
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Kings of Deheubarth
  A Pre-Conquest Listing
  www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kingdoms
  
  Hywel Dda (the Good) 909-950
  Rhodri ap Hywel 950-953 (joint)
  Edwin ap Hywel 950-954 (joint)
  Owain ap Hywel 950-987 (joint)
  Maredudd ab Owain 987-999
  
  Owain ap Hywel Dda
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  Jump to navigationJump to search
  This Welsh name means Owain son of Hywel.
  Not to be confused with another Owain ap Hywel who ruled in Gwent.
  Owain ap Hywel (died c. 988) was king of Deheubarth in south Wales and probably also controlled Powys.
  
  Owain was one of the three sons of Hywel the Good. Upon Hywel's death in 948[1], Owain, Rhodri, and Edwin divided his lands among themselves according to Welsh law. The sons were not able to retain Hywel's hegemony over Gwynedd, which was reclaimed for its earlier dynasty by the sons of Idwal Foel.
  
  In 950, two of the sons of Idwal Foel, Iago and Ieuaf, invaded the south, penetrating as far as Dyfed.[1] The sons of Hywel retaliated by invading the north in 954, reaching as far north as the Conwy valley before being defeated at Llanrwst and being obliged to retreat to Ceredigion.
  
  Rhodri died in 953 and Edwin in 954, leaving Owain in sole possession of Deheubarth alone.
  
  In 958 Owain attacked Gorwennydd[2]. From there he went to Euas and Ergin and seized them from Morgan the Great, King of Glamorgan.[1]
  
  In 959 Owain broke into the monastery Llan Illdud in Gorwennydd, and damaged the monastery Catwg in Nant Garvan.
  
  In 962 Owain swore to pay yearly tribute to King Edgar the Peaceful.
  
  Owain did not again try to reclaim Gwynedd; instead, he and his son Einion turned eastwards to attack the kingdom of Morgannwg (modern Glamorgan) in 960, 970, and 977. Owain was now aging, and it appears that Einion took over the rule of the kingdom on behalf of his father. On a further raid on the east in 984, Einion was killed by the noblemen of Gwent.
  
  Following Einion's death, Owain's second son Maredudd took over his position. In 986, he successfully returned to the north and seized Gwynedd, ousting Ieuaf's son Cadwallon. Owain died in 988[3] and Maredudd became king of Deheubarth as well, although he later consented to share his kingdom with Einion's heirs Edwin and Cadell.
  
  The A text of the Annales Cambriae were apparently compiled at Owain's instigation.
  
  Children
  This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
  
  Cadwgan (died in 948[2] or 949[1])
  Cadwallon (died in 961[1] or 964[2])
  Llywarch. In 986 he was "deprived of his eyes."
  Einion Maredudd
  
  Owain ap Hywel (died c. 988) was king of Deheubarth in south Wales and probably also controlled Powys.
  
  === !DEATH: Diary and autobiography of Edmun ===
  !DEATH: Diary and autobiography of Edmund Bohun, 1853 Royal Genealogies of Magna Carte Barons King of South Wales
  
  === M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P.18 ===
  M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P.18
  
  === Ruled Deheubarth 954-986. From www. cas ===
  Ruled Deheubarth 954-986. From www. castlewales.com/debarth.html
  
  __________________________
  
  Upon the death of Hywel Dda in 950, this three sons - Owain, Rhodri, And Edwin - inherited Deheubarth in south Wales. They divided the kingdom between them, but remained united. And immediately the sons of Idwal Foel - Iago, Ieuaf, Idwal and Meurig - did batle with tem to regain the inheritance of Gwynedd in north Wales (which had been taken by Hywel) and revenge the death of their father. The two sides met in battle at Nant Carno on the border, and the battle went to Idwal's sons; they reclaimed Gwynedd. The two sides fought fro the next three to four years, but in 954, after a battle at Llanrwst in Gwynedd, and raids into Ceredigion, it appears that the two sides reached some sort of accommodation - neither side fought the other for the remainder of their lifetimes, and rule of Gwynedd was returned to the sons of Idwal.
  
  Rhodri ap Hywel died in 953 and his brother Edwin died in 954 - they had no heirs. Owain became sole ruler Deheubarth.
  
  Owain organized the Welsh chronicles and genealogies, tracing not only his descent but those of other dynasties. This work was completed about 977.
  
  Owain enjoyed a long reign, surviving until 988 - although ye may have been too ill in later life to take an active role in the affairs of his kingdom. His sons Einion and Maredudd apparently assumed many of the responsibilities of state. The amicable relations within the family member (in start contrast to the hostility within the family of their cousins to the north) led to a strong and apparently prosperous reign - allowing them to defend the kingdom agains both Vikings and Saxons, and to expand their influence into Morgannwg to the east, although they never apparently took full control of these lands while Owain was alive. Einion was killed on one of these expansionist raids into Gower in 984; Maredud seems then to have had full authority within the kingdom, although Owain reamined king in name until his death.
  
  ___________________________
  
  On the death of his father Gwynedd and Powys rebelled and were lost to the house of Hywel Dda in the battle of Nant Carno. His brothers having died, Owain as now sole ruler of Deheubarth. As a military leader he does not appear to have made a brilliant record. The Danes made him much trouble. In 959, he demolished two colleges because they received Saxon students. He was proud of his ancestry and compiled a record on his father's side extending back to Cunedda and on his mother's side to Vorteporix, King of Dyfed, who flourised between AD 500-600. These pedigrees may be found in Harleian MS 3859. In the Annales Cambriae his pedigree is the first on given and it extends back to the beginning of the Christian era. The early generation may be legendary, but a very conservative authority, Sir John Rhys, writes of it as follows: "It is a genuinely old compilation, and however much we may doubt or rather be in a state of indifference as to the more remote stages, yet if we bear in mind the legal structure and general complexion of the community in which it was produced it would be an excessive display of the skeptical spirit to deny its accuracy for many generations." In 986, being old and feeble, he abdicated in favor of his son Maredudd. He died in 987 or 988. [The Weaver Genealogy]
  
  === Burkes Guide to the Royal Family p 323 B ===
  Burkes Guide to the Royal Family p 323 Burkes Guide to the Royal Family p 323
  
  === Title: King of South Wales Death: 988 4 ===
  Title: King of South Wales Death: 988 4 5 Event: Reigned BET. 954 - 986 Deheubarth Father: Hywel Dda ap Cadell b: ABT. 882 Mother: Elen ferch Llywarch Marriage 1 Angharad ferch Llywelyn Children Maredydd ap Owain Einion ap Owain Sources: Title: "The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens" by Mike Ashley, Carroll & Graf Pub., Inc. New York, 1998 "The Early Welsh Kingdoms Gwynedd" Title: Weis, F. L. "Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition. Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Title: " Welsh Genealogies AD 300-1400 & AD 1400-1500" P. C. Bartrun's, 8 vol and 18 vol Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Text: Owain became King of Deheubarth upon the death of his father HYWEL in 950. It was at his requst that the Welsh genealogies and the Annales Cambriae were compiled. Owain's son, EINON, predeceased him in 984, but became the ancestor of the future line of rulers of Deheubarth. Meanwhile, the kingdom passed to his other son, MAREDUDD upon his death in 986. Title: "Annales Cambriae" Early Middle Ages (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1980)" Title: "Genealogies from Harleian MS". 3859, fo. 193r-195r, edited in EWGT Page: pp. 9-13 (a copy made ca. 1100 of genealogies compiled probably between 954 and 988) " Text: [HG.1,2, where he appears as "[O]uen map [H]iguel" in the former (which gives his ancestry through his father), and "[O]uein map Elen" in the latter (which gives his ancestry through his mother). The letters in brackets are accidental omissions. Since the early forms of the names in HG are so much different from the modern Welsh forms, they will be given for each of Owain's ancestors as they appear in HG for sake of comparison.] - Stewart Baldwin
  
  === !#4568-v8-p590; #4569-v7-p1149; !ASSUMPT ===
  !#4568-v8-p590; #4569-v7-p1149; !ASSUMPTION: place of residence unknown, placed here for recording purposes;
  
  === Visitations of Wales by Lewis Dwyn p 33 ===
  Visitations of Wales by Lewis Dwyn p 332, 313 Burkes RL p 323 Burkes Guide to the Royal Family p 323 King of Deheubarth 950-988 with his brothers who died 953 and 954 then ruled alone. Prince of Ceredigion and Powys
  
  === !1. Bartrum 300-1400, pg. [42] and [20] ===
  !1. Bartrum 300-1400, pg. [42] and [20] !1. Bartrum 300-1400, pg. [42] and [20]
  
  === Owain is responsible for ordering the or ===
  Owain is responsible for ordering the organization of the Welsh chronicles and genealogies, tracing not only his paternal and maternal descent but those of other dynasties. Owain remained king in name until his death in 988, however he stepped down as ruler in 983, leaving the administration in the hands of his son Maredudd.
  
  === !Internet Family Search Ancestral File a ===
  !Internet Family Search Ancestral File as of 4-28-1999 AFN:FJGW-37
  
  === 19. OWAIN (son of No. 18). On the death ===
  19. OWAIN (son of No. 18). On the death of his father Gwynedd and Powysrebelled and were lost to the house of Hywel Dha in the battle of NantCarno. His brothers having died Owain was now sole ruler of Deheubarth.As a military leader he does not appear to have made a brilliant record.The Danes made him much trouble. In 959 he demolished two collegesbecause they received Saxon students. He was proud of his ancestry and hecompiled a record on his father's side extending back to Cunedda and onhis mother's side to Vorteporix, King of Dyfed, who flourished betweenA.D. 500 and 600. These pedigrees may be found in Harleian MS. 3859. Inthe Annales Cambriae his pedigree is the first one given and it extendsback to the beginning of the Christian era. The early generations may belegendary, but a very conservative authority, Sir John Rhys, writes of itas follows: "It is a genuinely old compilation, and however much we maydoubt or rather be in a state of indifference as to the more remotestages, yet if we bear in mind the legal structure and general complexionof the community in which it was produced it would be an excessivedisplay of the skeptical spirit to deny its accuracy for manygenerations." In 986, being old and feeble, he abdicated in favor of hisson Maredudd. He died in 987 or 988. [Source: The Weaver Genealogy, p 45]
  
  === !"Royal Ancestors of Some American Famil ===
  !"Royal Ancestors of Some American Families" Chart 924, 661
  
  === WELSH FOUNDERS OF PENNSYLVANIA, PENNSYLV ===
  WELSH FOUNDERS OF PENNSYLVANIA, PENNSYLVANIA PUBLICATION 13, VOL 1 P.54, 102; THE ROYAL LINE OF SUCESSION, PUBLICATION A16 A225, P.23; HISTORY OF POWYS FADOG, WALES VOL 1 P.65; HISTORY OF THE PRINCES OF SOUTH WALES, WALES PUBLICATION 10, P.8, 11; THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.131; ANCESTRAL FILE, LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  
  === Kings of Deheubarth ===
  Kings of Deheubarth
  A Pre-Conquest Listing
  www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kingdoms
  
  Hywel Dda (the Good) 909-950
  Rhodri ap Hywel 950-953 (joint)
  Edwin ap Hywel 950-954 (joint)
  Owain ap Hywel 950-987 (joint)
  Maredudd ab Owain 987-999
  
  Owain ap Hywel Dda
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  Jump to navigationJump to search
  This Welsh name means Owain son of Hywel.
  Not to be confused with another Owain ap Hywel who ruled in Gwent.
  Owain ap Hywel (died c. 988) was king of Deheubarth in south Wales and probably also controlled Powys.
  
  Owain was one of the three sons of Hywel the Good. Upon Hywel's death in 948[1], Owain, Rhodri, and Edwin divided his lands among themselves according to Welsh law. The sons were not able to retain Hywel's hegemony over Gwynedd, which was reclaimed for its earlier dynasty by the sons of Idwal Foel.
  
  In 950, two of the sons of Idwal Foel, Iago and Ieuaf, invaded the south, penetrating as far as Dyfed.[1] The sons of Hywel retaliated by invading the north in 954, reaching as far north as the Conwy valley before being defeated at Llanrwst and being obliged to retreat to Ceredigion.
  
  Rhodri died in 953 and Edwin in 954, leaving Owain in sole possession of Deheubarth alone.
  
  In 958 Owain attacked Gorwennydd[2]. From there he went to Euas and Ergin and seized them from Morgan the Great, King of Glamorgan.[1]
  
  In 959 Owain broke into the monastery Llan Illdud in Gorwennydd, and damaged the monastery Catwg in Nant Garvan.[1]
  
  In 962 Owain swore to pay yearly tribute to King Edgar the Peaceful.[1]
  
  Owain did not again try to reclaim Gwynedd; instead, he and his son Einion turned eastwards to attack the kingdom of Morgannwg (modern Glamorgan) in 960, 970, and 977. Owain was now aging, and it appears that Einion took over the rule of the kingdom on behalf of his father. On a further raid on the east in 984, Einion was killed by the noblemen of Gwent.
  
  Following Einion's death, Owain's second son Maredudd took over his position. In 986, he successfully returned to the north and seized Gwynedd, ousting Ieuaf's son Cadwallon. Owain died in 988[3] and Maredudd became king of Deheubarth as well, although he later consented to share his kingdom with Einion's heirs Edwin and Cadell.
  
  The A text of the Annales Cambriae were apparently compiled at Owain's instigation.
  
  Children
  This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
  
  Cadwgan (died in 948[2] or 949[1])
  Cadwallon (died in 961[1] or 964[2])
  Llywarch. In 986 he was "deprived of his eyes."[2]
  Einion
  Maredudd
  References
  
  Owain ap Hywel (died c. 988) was king of Deheubarth in south Wales and probably also controlled Powys.
  
  !"Royal Ancestors of Some American Families" Chart 924, 661
  
  WELSH FOUNDERS OF PENNSYLVANIA, PENNSYLVANIA PUBLICATION 13, VOL 1 P.54, 102; THE ROYAL LINE OF SUCESSION, PUBLICATION A16 A225, P.23; HISTORY OF POWYS FADOG, WALES VOL 1 P.65; HISTORY OF THE PRINCES OF SOUTH WALES, WALES PUBLICATION 10, P.8, 11; THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.131; ANCESTRAL FILE, LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  
  THE ROYAL LINES OF SUCCESSION P.23; EMINENT WELSHMEN P.328; HISTORY OF POWYS FADOG, P.66-8; ANCESTRAL FILE, LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  
  Visitations of Wales by Lewis Dwyn p 332, 313 Burkes RL p 323 Burkes Guide to the Royal Family p 323 King of Deheubarth 950-988 with his brothers who died 953 and 954 then ruled alone. Prince of Ceredigion and Powys
  
  !#4568-v8-p590; #4569-v7-p1149; !ASSUMPTION: place of residence unknown, placed here for recording purposes;
  
  954: In this year there was a great slaughter between the sons of Hyweland the sons of Idwal at the place called Gwrgystu: the battle of ConwyHirfawr. And after that, Ceredigion was ravaged by the sons of Idwal.(The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 1953, 1960)
  
  19. OWAIN (son of No. 18). On the death of his father Gwynedd and Powysrebelled and were lost to the house of Hywel Dha in the battle of NantCarno. His brothers having died Owain was now sole ruler of Deheubarth.As a military leader he does not appear to have made a brilliant record.The Danes made him much trouble. In 959 he demolished two collegesbecause they received Saxon students. He was proud of his ancestry and hecompiled a record on his father's side extending back to Cunedda and onhis mother's side to Vorteporix, King of Dyfed, who flourished betweenA.D. 500 and 600. These pedigrees may be found in Harleian MS. 3859. Inthe Annales Cambriae his pedigree is the first one given and it extendsback to the beginning of the Christian era. The early generations may belegendary, but a very conservative authority, Sir John Rhys, writes of itas follows: "It is a genuinely old compilation, and however much we maydoubt or rather be in a state of indifference as to the more remotestages, yet if we bear in mind the legal structure and general complexionof the community in which it was produced it would be an excessivedisplay of the skeptical spirit to deny its accuracy for manygenerations." In 986, being old and feeble, he abdicated in favor of hisson Maredudd. He died in 987 or 988. [Source: The Weaver Genealogy, p 45]
  
  19. OWAIN (son of No. 18). On the death of his father Gwynedd and Powysrebelled and were lost to the house of Hywel Dha in the battle of NantCarno. His brothers having died Owain was now sole ruler of Deheubarth.As a military leader he does not appear to have made a brilliant record.The Danes made him much trouble. In 959 he demolished two collegesbecause they received Saxon students. He was proud of his ancestry and hecompiled a record on his father's side extending back to Cunedda and onhis mother's side to Vorteporix, King of Dyfed, who flourished betweenA.D. 500 and 600. These pedigrees may be found in Harleian MS. 3859. Inthe Annales Cambriae his pedigree is the first one given and it extendsback to the beginning of the Christian era. The early generations may belegendary, but a very conservative authority, Sir John Rhys, writes of itas follows: "It is a genuinely old compilation, and however much we maydoubt or rather be in a state of indifference as to the more remotestages, yet if we bear in mind the legal structure and general complexionof the community in which it was produced it would be an excessivedisplay of the skeptical spirit to deny its accuracy for manygenerations." In 986, being old and feeble, he abdicated in favor of hisson Maredudd. He died in 987 or 988. [Source: The Weaver Genealogy, p 45]
  
  !#4568-v10-p757;
  
  !#4569-v4-p655;
  
  Sources: Llantarnam Abbey; Kraentzler 1446; History of Morgan Family,AF; A. Roots 176; Young. Roots: Owain ap Hywell Dda. Young: Owain, died 988, prince of Deheubarth. Abbey: Owen ap Hywell Dda, ob. 987. King of South Wales, 950. Duran says "Prince of South Wales andPowis." Hist: "Descended on his mother's side from Votiporix, the thirdcentury Irish invader of South Wales. Married Angharad, Queen of Powys, to settleclaims of her father Llewelyn to the throne of Powys. Had sons Cadwallon, whobecame King of South Wales, and Einon," says "History." ***** Owain ap Hywel Dda, king of Deheubarth, where he ruled for nearly 40years, paid tribute of 300 wolves' heads to Edgar, King of England, 962; triedto recover the throne of Gwynedd, and died 988, having had a son, Einion apOwain. [Source 1] "Descended on his mother's side from Votiporix, the third century Irishinvader of South Wales. Married Angharad, Queen of Powys, to settle clains ofher father Llewelyn to the throne of Powys. Had sons Cadwallon, who becameKing of South Wales, and Einion." King of South Wales, 950. [Source 2] Angharad and her husband were second cousins. [Source 3] SOURCES: 1. Burke, Sir Bernard, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms. _LandedGentry_ (entry under Powell), page 577. 2. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_. 3. Bartrum, Peter C. _Welsh Genealogies, AD 300-1400_. University of Wales Press, 1978; page 42. Sources: Dictionary of National Biography; AF. Dictionary: Owain was a descendant of Hywel Dda, who "had been avigorous ruler over Gwynedd." Owain ap Hywel Dda, king of Deheubarth, where he ruled for nearly 40years, paid tribute of 300 wolves' heads to Edgar, King of England, 962; triedto recover the throne of Gwynedd, and died 988, having had a son, Einion apOwain. [Source 1] "Descended on his mother's side from Votiporix, the third century Irishinvader of South Wales. Married Angharad, Queen of Powys, to settle clains ofher father Llewelyn to the throne of Powys. Had so ns Cadwallon, who becameKing of South Wales, and Einion." King of South Wales, 950. [Source 2] Angharad and her husband were second cousins. [Source 3] SOURCES: 1. Burke, Sir Bernard, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms. _LandedGentry_ (entry under Powell), page 577. 2. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_. 3. Bartrum, Peter C. _Welsh Genealogies, AD 300-1400_. University of Wales Press, 1978; page 42.
  
  !1. Bartrum 300-1400, pg. [42] and [20] !1. Bartrum 300-1400, pg. [42] and [20]
  
  Ruled Deheubarth 954-986. From www. castlewales.com/debarth.html
  
  __________________________
  
  Upon the death of Hywel Dda in 950, this three sons - Owain, Rhodri, And Edwin - inherited Deheubarth in south Wales. They divided the kingdom between them, but remained united. And immediately the sons of Idwal Foel - Iago, Ieuaf, Idwal and Meurig - did batle with tem to regain the inheritance of Gwynedd in north Wales (which had been taken by Hywel) and revenge the death of their father. The two sides met in battle at Nant Carno on the border, and the battle went to Idwal's sons; they reclaimed Gwynedd. The two sides fought fro the next three to four years, but in 954, after a battle at Llanrwst in Gwynedd, and raids into Ceredigion, it appears that the two sides reached some sort of accommodation - neither side fought the other for the remainder of their lifetimes, and rule of Gwynedd was returned to the sons of Idwal.
  
  Rhodri ap Hyw
  
  === !#4568-v9-p642; !#4569-v6-p915; ===
  !#4568-v9-p642; !#4569-v6-p915;
  
  === History on his life ===
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_ap_Hywel_Dda
  
  === Sources: Llantarnam Abbey; Kraentzler 14 ===
  Sources: Llantarnam Abbey; Kraentzler 1446; History of Morgan Family,AF; A. Roots 176; Young. Roots: Owain ap Hywell Dda. Young: Owain, died 988, prince of Deheubarth. Abbey: Owen ap Hywell Dda, ob. 987. King of South Wales, 950. Duran says "Prince of South Wales andPowis." Hist: "Descended on his mother's side from Votiporix, the thirdcentury Irish invader of South Wales. Married Angharad, Queen of Powys, to settleclaims of her father Llewelyn to the throne of Powys. Had sons Cadwallon, whobecame King of South Wales, and Einon," says "History." ***** Owain ap Hywel Dda, king of Deheubarth, where he ruled for nearly 40years, paid tribute of 300 wolves' heads to Edgar, King of England, 962; triedto recover the throne of Gwynedd, and died 988, having had a son, Einion apOwain. [Source 1] "Descended on his mother's side from Votiporix, the third century Irishinvader of South Wales. Married Angharad, Queen of Powys, to settle clains ofher father Llewelyn to the throne of Powys. Had sons Cadwallon, who becameKing of South Wales, and Einion." King of South Wales, 950. [Source 2] Angharad and her husband were second cousins. [Source 3] SOURCES: 1. Burke, Sir Bernard, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms. _LandedGentry_ (entry under Powell), page 577. 2. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_. 3. Bartrum, Peter C. _Welsh Genealogies, AD 300-1400_. University of Wales Press, 1978; page 42. Sources: Dictionary of National Biography; AF. Dictionary: Owain was a descendant of Hywel Dda, who "had been avigorous ruler over Gwynedd." Owain ap Hywel Dda, king of Deheubarth, where he ruled for nearly 40years, paid tribute of 300 wolves' heads to Edgar, King of England, 962; triedto recover the throne of Gwynedd, and died 988, having had a son, Einion apOwain. [Source 1] "Descended on his mother's side from Votiporix, the third century Irishinvader of South Wales. Married Angharad, Queen of Powys, to settle clains ofher father Llewelyn to the throne of Powys. Had so ns Cadwallon, who becameKing of South Wales, and Einion." King of South Wales, 950. [Source 2] Angharad and her husband were second cousins. [Source 3] SOURCES: 1. Burke, Sir Bernard, C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms. _LandedGentry_ (entry under Powell), page 577. 2. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_. 3. Bartrum, Peter C. _Welsh Genealogies, AD 300-1400_. University of Wales Press, 1978; page 42.
  
  === King of Deheubarth. The unification of ===
  King of Deheubarth. The unification of Wales achieved by Hywel, DDA disintegrated following his death in 950, and the course of Welsh history in the following decades is far from clear. Owain remained in control of Deheubarth, but made no further claims to Gwynedd after attacks in 952 and 954 had been defeated. In 955 both he and his rival Iago ap Idwal, witnessed charters at the court of the English King Eadred. He also sent his son Einion ap Owain to campaign in Gwyr (Gower). In 986 his surviving son Maredudd ap Owain, increasingly controlling the affairs of Deheubarth because of Owain's age, invaded Gwynedd and succeeded in reuniting both kingdoms before Owain's death two years later.King of Deheubarth. The unification of Wales achieved by Hywel Dda disintegrated folloiwing his death in 950, and the course of Welsh history in the following decades is far from clear. Owain remained in control of Deheubarth, but made nofurther claims to Gwynedd after attacks in 952 and 954 had been defeated. In 955 both he and his rival Iago ap Idwal witnessed charters at the court of the English King Eadred. He also sent his son Einion ap Owain to campaign in Gwyr (Gower). In 986 his surviving son Maredudd ap Owain, increasingly controlling the affairs of Deheubarth because of Owain's age, invaded Gwynedd and succeeded in reuniting both kingdoms before Owain's death two years later. Source: Who's Who in British History. Collins & Brown. Great Britain. 2000
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition line 176-1 !FTM Vol 9, tree #2134.
  
  === 1. CD V701-01, Vol. 1, World Family Tre ===
  1. CD V701-01, Vol. 1, World Family Tree, @1996, Broderbund Software,Inc., Pedigree File #0986. 2. CD V707-01, Vol 07 World Family Tree, dated b1996, BroderbundSoftware, Inc., Pedigree #1451.
  
  === !#4568-v10-p757; ===
  !#4568-v10-p757;
  
  === 954: In this year there was a great slau ===
  954: In this year there was a great slaughter between the sons of Hyweland the sons of Idwal at the place called Gwrgystu: the battle of ConwyHirfawr. And after that, Ceredigion was ravaged by the sons of Idwal.(The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 1953, 1960)
  
  === !#4569-v4-p655; ===
  !#4569-v4-p655;
  
  === !#4569-v1-p146,150*; ===
  !#4569-v1-p146,150*;
  
  === THE ROYAL LINES OF SUCCESSION P.23; EMIN ===
  THE ROYAL LINES OF SUCCESSION P.23; EMINENT WELSHMEN P.328; HISTORY OF POWYS FADOG, P.66-8; ANCESTRAL FILE, LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  === !#4568-v11-p848; ===
  !#4568-v11-p848;

1. Growny ap Einion, b. ABT 959    
2. Cadell ap Einion, b. 953 in Llandyfeisant, Carmarthenshire, Wales     d. 1018 in Llangwm, Wales