Richard (Strongbow) Fitzgilbert de Clare

• Preferred Name: Richard (Strongbow) Fitzgilbert de Clare^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Military: BET 1169 AND 1541 with note: Description: He was notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of Leinster
  
• Fact: with note: Description: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke
  
• Death: 20 APR 1176 in Dublin Castle, County Dublin, Ireland at LATI: N3.3429 LONG: E6.2674
  
• Title (Nobility): with note: Description: Earl of Buckingham
  
• Occupation: Justiciar of Ireland
  
• Title (Nobility): BET 1148 AND 1154 with note: Description: Earl of Pembroke (succeeded his father)
  
• Title (Nobility): BET 1171 AND 1176 with note: Description: 2nd Earl of Pembroke
  
• Birth: 1130 in Tonbridge, Kent, England at LATI: N1.1694 LONG: E0.3167
  
• FSID: M667-BQB
  
• Title+(Nobility): with note: Description: Lord of Striguil
  
• Title+(Nobility): with note: Description: Lord of Leinster
  
• Burial: AFT 20 APR 1176 in Diocese of Dublin, Leinster, Ireland at LATI: N3.3333 LONG: E6.25
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (1130 - 20 April 1176), also known as Richard FitzGilbert, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard fitz Gilbert has since become commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (Norman French: Arc-Fort), which may be a mistranscription or mistranslation of "Striguil."
  His son Gilbert de Striguil (or de Strigoil) died unmarried before 1189 and the earldom passed via Richard's daughter Isabel to her spouse William Marshall.
  ...
  Richard was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Beaumont. Richard's father died in about 1148, when he was roughly 18 years old, and Richard inherited the title 'count of Strigoil' Earl of Pembroke. It is probable that this title was not recognized at Henry II's coronation in 1154. As the son of the first 'earl', he succeeded to his father's estates in 1148, but was deprived of the title by King Henry II of England in 1154 for siding with King Stephen of England against Henry's mother, the Empress Matilda. Richard was in fact, called by his contemporaries Count Striguil, for his marcher lordship of Striguil where he had a fortress at a place now called Chepstow, in Monmouthshire on the River Wye. He saw an opportunity to reverse his bad fortune in 1168 when he met Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster.
  ...
  By an unknown mistress, Richard de Clare fathered two daughters:
  1. Aline de Clare, who married William FitzMaurice FitzGerald, baron of Naas
  2. Basilia de Clare, who married Robert de Quincy, Constable of Leinster
  
  On about 26 August 1171 in Reginald's Tower, Waterford, Richard de Clare married MacMurrough's daughter, Aoife MacMurrough (anglicised as "Eva"). Their children were:
  1. Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, a minor who died in 1185
  2. Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, who became Countess of Pembroke in her own right in 1185 (on the death of her brother) until her own death in 1220. King Henry II had promised Sir William Marshal that he would be given Isabel as his bride, and his son Richard I upheld the promise one month after his ascension to the throne. The earldom was given to her husband as her consort. Marshall was the son of John the Marshal, by Sibylle, the sister of Patrick, Earl of Salisbury.
  
  Richard de Clare died in June 1176 of some type of infection in his leg or foot. He was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Dublin with his uncle-in-law, Lawrence, Archbishop of Dublin, presiding. King Henry II took all of Strongbow's lands and castles for himself and placed a royal official in charge of them. He protected the inheritance of Isabel. Eva was given her dower rights and possibly held Striguil [Chepstow] as part of those dower rights until the Welsh rebellion of 1184/85. There is a record of Eva confirming a charter in Ireland in 1188/89 as "comtissa de Hibernia".
  
  Legacy
  Richard de Clare was first interred in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral where an alleged effigy can be viewed.[24] Richard de Clare's actual tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The one on display dates from around the 15th century, bears the coat of arms of an unknown knight, and is the effigy of another local knight. Richard de Clare was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin within sight of the cross according to an eyewitness, Giraldus Cambrensis. There is little evidence to support the tradition that he was buried either in St Edan's Cathedral, Ferns, Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford or Dominican priory, Kilkenny. References to 'de Clare' being buried in Gloucester cathedral refer to his father, while those to 'Strongbow' in Tintern abbey refer probably to Walter or Anselm Marshall, both of whom died in 1245.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke
  .................................................................................
  
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “RICHARD FITZ GILBERT (nicknamed Strongbow), 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, of Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Hinxworth, Hertfordshire, etc., seigneur of Bienfaite and Orbec (both in Normandy), Justiciar of Ireland, son and heir, born about 1130. On the accession of King Henry II in 1154, he refused to acknowledged Richard as earl and took the lordship of Pembroke into his own hands. In Autumn 1167 he came to an agreement with Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster; for the earl's assistance with an army, he could have Eve, Dermot's eldest daughter in marriage and the succession to Leinster. An army was assembled led by Raymond Fitz Gerald (also known as Raymond le Gros) that included Welsh archers; it captured the towns of Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin in 1169-70. Richard married at Waterford, Ireland about 26 August 1170 EVE OF LEINSTER daughter of Dermot MacMurrough (also called Diarmait MacMurchada), King of Leinster, by Mor, daughter of Muirchertach Ua Tuathail From 1172 onwards, he was styled Earl of Striguil. They had one son, Gilbert [Earl of Pembroke], and one daughter, Isabel. In 1173 he played a critical role in Normandy in defending the castle of Gisors and recapturing Verneuil for the king. RICHARD FITZ GILBERT, 2nd Earl of Pembroke died about 20 April 1176, and was buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity [Christ Church], Dublin. His widow, Eve, was living in 1187. Sometime in the period, 1185-94, his widow, Eve, as "heres Regis Deremicii,"confirmed to John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, and his successors all of her earlier gifts. At her death, she was buried in Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire.
  
  === Name Richard Strongbow Fitzgilbert /CLAR ===
  Name Richard Strongbow Fitzgilbert /CLARE, 2nd Earl of Pembroke,King of/
  
  === Grace page 104 or 2 ===
  Mary, dau. of Donell Oge MacMorought, als Kavanagh, dynast or prince of Leister, descendet from the kings of Leinster: Dermond, the last of whom gave all his royal inheritance, together with his dau. Eva, in marriage to Richard (Strongbow, 2nd E. of Peambroke.
  
  === Known as "Strong Bow"; Earl of Pembroke ===
  Known as "Strong Bow"; Earl of Pembroke
  
  === Description of Richard de Clare "Strongbow" by Gerald of Wales. ===
  Gerald of Wales states:
  "In war Strongbow was more of a leader than a soldier. . . . When he took-up his position in the midst of battle, he stood firm as an immovable standard around which his men could re-group and take refuge. In war he remained steadfast and reliable in good fortune and bad alike. . . ."
  
  Gerald also describes Strongbow as a tall man with red hair, freckles, grey eyes and a soft voice.
  
  Sources: Wikipedia, rootsweb.com, castlewales.com Genealogy.com
  genealogieonline.nl empowell.blogspot.com gw.geneanet.org www.boydhouse.com
  
  === 2nd Earl of Pembroke 1150, Justiciar of ===
  2nd Earl of Pembroke 1150, Justiciar of Ireland. called the Strongbow Called "Strongbow," second Earl of Pembroke
  
  === Name Richard, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Lord ===
  Name Richard, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland
  
  === Called "Strongbow"; Justiciar of Ireland ===
  Called "Strongbow"; Justiciar of Ireland.
  
  === Reference 2 ===
  
  Richard was known as "Strongbow", a famous personage in Ireland in his
  time.
  
  Strongbow
  bjsorrels1added this on 18 Jun 2009 on ancestry.com website.
  momkat91originally submitted this to Shields - Plant Family Tree on 19
  Apr 2009
  
  DERMOT AND STRONGBOW, AND THE INVASION OF IRELAND
  
  Dermot MacMurrough was the King of Leinster during the twelfth century
  and is most remembered as the man who invited the English into
  Ireland.
  
  He was born circa 1100 and succeeded to the throne of his father,
  Enna, in 1126. He was a ruthless leader and demonstrated the ferocity
  of the times by killing or blinding 17 rivals in 1141. He became
  involved in a dispute with the King of Breffney, Tiernan O'Ruark,
  whose wife he kidnapped in 1153. O'Ruark formed an alliance with Rory
  O'Connor who was the recognised High King of Ireland at the time. In
  1166 this long-running and bitter feud resulted in MacMurrough being
  driven into exile by the Gaelic Chieftains. He fled to France.
  
  Dermot MacMurrough was a deeply ambitious man who refused to accept
  his exile. He made his way to the Court of Henry II of England and
  offered to become a vassal to the King in return for military aid in
  retaking his kingdom. The king did not directly provide assistance but
  allowed MacMurrough to petition the Anglo-Norman lords. It was at this
  time that the Earl of Pembroke, Richard de Clare, later known as
  'Strongbow', agreed to lead an army to Ireland. MacMurrough brought an
  advance party of adventurers back to Ireland in 1167, recaptured
  Wexford, and waited for Strongbow to arrive.
  
  From his base in Wales Strongbow launched an offensive in 1170,
  capturing Waterford and Dublin, taking control of the East coast, much
  to the dismay of the Gaelic Chieftains and O'Connor. To cement the
  alliance, MacMurrough married his daughter Aoife to Strongbow, in
  Christchurch Cathedral in Dublin 1170.
  
  The Irish Chieftains did not allow the invaders to settle however and
  they were continually attacked and harassed. At one stage it seemed
  likely that they would be driven from the country if it were not for
  the support given by Henry II, who had become concerned with the
  amount of power and influence that Strongbow was amassing across the
  Irish sea. It is speculated that Henry II feared that Ireland might be
  used as a base by the Saxons to launch an offensive back into England
  in the wake of their defeat at Hastings in 1066. The subsequent
  domination of South Wales by the Normans was a result of the need to
  keep supply lines into Eastern Ireland open.
  
  Dermot MacMurrough died in 1170 leaving Strongbow to declare himself
  King of Leinster. His later support for Henry II in France led to his
  being named Governor of Ireland. He died in 1176 suffering an
  infection during a raid by Irish rebels.
  
  Much of Ireland was still under local influence and it only was the
  East coast, known as 'the Pale', that remained in Norman control.
  Henry granted these lands to his son 'Jean Sans-terre' (or John
  Lackland) in 1185 creating the 'Lordship of Ireland'. It seemed likely
  that Ireland would remain a minor Kingdom except that fate intervened.
  The death of his elder brothers allowed Jean Sans-terre to succeed to
  the English throne, becoming King John of England and the Pale
  becoming part of English dominated territories.
  
  Demot MacMurrough has for centuries been blamed as the man who caused,
  or at least facilitated the invasion and subsequent subjugation of
  Ireland by outsiders. Recent revision of this history however, have
  been less critical of his actions.
  
  It is likely that the island would have eventually been dominated by
  its larger neighbour even without Dermot MacMurroughs prompting. The
  unwillingness of the Gaelic Chiefs to form a Kingship with defined
  rights of succession certainly made invasion and domination easier. It
  was also not uncommon of the times for Gaelic Chiefs to seek help from
  foreigners in combatting their local enemies.
  
  Despite this more generous interpretation of his actions, it will
  always be Dermot MacMurroughs lust for power, bringing the English
  into Ireland, for which he will be most remembered.
  
  Fighting in Irish Kingdoms
  kbusic420 added this on 26 Sep 2009 on ancestry.com website.
  hargrode1originally submitted this to Luttrell on 16 Dec 2007
  
  In 1169 Dermon McMurrough, King of Leinster, was driven from his
  kingdom by the ruler of Connacht. As McMurrough had traded across the
  Irish Sea with the Welsh and the English, he was well aware of how the
  Norman warriors had conquered Britain. McMurrough went to HenryII
  (grandson of William The Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and King of
  Anglo-Norman England) to ask for his help in getting his kingdom back.
  Though Henry was preoccupied with other concerns, he invited others
  to support McMurrough: "Know you that we have taken Dermot, Prince of
  Leinster, into the bosom of our grace and goodwill. Whosoever shall
  be willing to lend him aid in the recovery of his lands, let him know
  that he has our favour and permission," wrote Henry.
  
  McMurough promised the Normans wealth, land and power if they came to
  Ireland to help him. To Richard Fitzgilbert de Clare, the powerful
  Welsh Norman Earl of Pembroke, he offered his daughter, Aoife as a
  bride and agreed that he should inherit his kingdom of Leinster. The
  deal was agreed. De Clare invaded Ireland with well-armed knights,
  archers and foot-soldiers. They defeated the stone throwing, lightly
  clad Irishmen, whose battle axes and swords were only good for close
  quarters. Dermon McMurrough died within a year. De Clare inherited
  Leinster. Henry II fearing fearing that de Clare might set up an
  independent Irish Norman kingdom arrived in Ireland in 1171. His
  force didn't have to fight because de Clare and most of the Irish
  rulers swore allegiance to Henry. De Clare was allowed to retain
  Leinster.
  
  === Royal Ancestry Biography ===
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “RICHARD FITZ GILBERT (nicknamed Strongbow), 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, of Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Hinxworth, Hertfordshire, etc., seigneur of Bienfaite and Orbec (both in Normandy), Justiciar of Ireland, son and heir, born about 1130. On the accession of King Henry II in 1154, he refused to acknowledged Richard as earl and took the lordship of Pembroke into his own hands. In Autumn 1167 he came to an agreement with Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster; for the earl's assistance with an army, he could have Eve, Dermot's eldest daughter in marriage and the succession to Leinster. An army was assembled led by Raymond Fitz Gerald (also known as Raymond le Gros) that included Welsh archers; it captured the towns of Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin in 1169-70. Richard married at Waterford, Ireland about 26 August 1170 EVE OF LEINSTER daughter of Dermot MacMurrough (also called Diarmait MacMurchada), King of Leinster, by Mor, daughter of Muirchertach Ua Tuathail From 1172 onwards, he was styled Earl of Striguil. They had one son, Gilbert [Earl of Pembroke], and one daughter, Isabel. In 1173 he played a critical role in Normandy in defending the castle of Gisors and recapturing Verneuil for the king. RICHARD FITZ GILBERT, 2nd Earl of Pembroke died about 20 April 1176, and was buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity [Christ Church], Dublin. His widow, Eve, was living in 1187. Sometime in the period, 1185-94, his widow, Eve, as "heres Regis Deremicii,"confirmed to John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, and his successors all of her earlier gifts. At her death, she was buried in Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire.
  Lipscomb Hist. & Antiqs. of Buckingham 1 (1847): 200-201 (Clare ped.). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). Eyton Court, Household, & Itinerary of King Henry 11 (1878): 16, 109, 118, 165-166, 172, 176, 196, 202. Gilbert Acct. of Facsimiles of National MSS of Ireland (1879): 72 (charter of Richard Fitz Gislebert dated c.1172). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 78-79 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to St. Mary's Abbey; charter witnessed by Hervé de Montmorency and Walter Bluet), 79-81, 83-84 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to St. Mary's Abbey; charter witnessed by Walter Bluet and Richard Bluet); 2 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 12, 274 (Annals sub A.D. 1177: "Comes Ricardus circa kal. julii apud Dubliniam obiit, et in ecclesia Sancte Trinitatis."), 304 (Annals of Ireland sub A.D. 1177: "Comes Ricardus, circa kalendas Maii, apud Dubliniam obiit; in ecclesia Sancte Trinitatis Dublinie sepelitur."). Owen Desc. of Penbrokshire (Cymmrodorion Rec. Ser. 1) (1892): 16-25. Arch. Jour. 2nd Ser. 6 (1899): 221-231. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister); 3 (1908): 96-97 (undated charter of Richard, Earl of Pembroke to Tintern Abbey, charter granted with the consent of his mother, Countess Isabel, and names his father, Earl Gilbert). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 232-240. C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-104 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke). Sanders English Baronies (1960): 110-111. TG 1 (1980): 4-27. Coat of Arms n.s. 10(1994): 322-328. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 161, 477. Tyerman Who's Who in Early Medieval England 1066-1272 (2001): 206-208 (biog. of Richard of Clare). Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 733-737 (biog. of Richard Fitz Gilbert).
  Children of Richard Fitz Gilbert, by unknown wife or mistress,
  i. ___ DE CLARE, married ROBERT DE QUINCY, Constable of Leinster [see PRENDERGAST 5],
  ii. ALINE DE CLARE, married in 1174 WILLIAM FITZ MAURICE, Baron of Naas, co. Kildare. They had one son, William Fitz Maurice [Baron of Naas]. WILLIAM FITZ MAURICE died before c.September 1199. Jour. Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 5th Ser. 2 (1892): 194 ("William, the son of Maurice, is stated in the table to have married `Ala, daughter of Strongbow'; but the 'Conquest of Ireland' (Cal. Car. MSS., 296) has it - 'Also the Erie yawe Ellyn his sustir to Wyllam Moryces yldist sone."), chart facing pg. 358. Wright Hist. Works of Giraldus Cambrensis (1905): 183 (ped.), 259 (sub Conquest of Ireland: "Raymond also, to consolidate the union among the English, induced the earl to give his daughter Alina in marriage to William, the eldest son of Maurice Fitzgerald."). English Hist. Rev. 31 (1916): 489 ("William, son of Maurice, who according to Giraldus, married in 1174 Alina, daughter of Strongbow, seems to have died before 1199, when 'William de Naas' fined for an inquisition of mort d'ancestor against the abbot of Baltinglass. This was his son and successor, the third baron, who married Mahaut de Pont de l'Arche and died in 1227, when he was succeeded by his son David, the fourth baron."). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 4 (1920): 307-308 ("Addenda et Corrigenda to Volume I and II - Vol. p. 18; vol. ii, pp. 165, 246. William, son of William, Baron of Naas': - It was William, third Baron of Naas, son of William, the second baron, who married Matilda of Pont de l'Arche. She was widow of Philip de Braose. Close Roll, 11 Hen. III, pg. 199. This William Fitz William has been hitherto omitted in the received pedigrees, but in a review of the Gormanston Register (English Hist. Review, vol. xxxi (1916), pp. 488-9) I have established his position. His father, William, son of Maurice, who married Alma, daughter of Strongbow, was dead before c. September 1199 (Rot. de Obtalis, 1 John, m. 15, p. 26). The third baron is often called simply 'William, Baron of Nass', hence the confusion, but his patronymic appears in several documents, e.g. Cal. Germanston Register, pp. 154, 200, 204; and Cal. Docs. Ireland, vol. i, p. 448. David Fitz William, fourth Baron of Naas, was his son and heir by `Mahaut de Pontearch' (Matilda de Pont de l'Arche): Cal. Gormanston Register, p. 163."). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-104 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke). Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 733-735 (biog. of Richard Fitz Gilbert).
  Child of Aline de Clare, by William Fitz Maurice:
  a. WILLIAM FITZ WILLIAM, Baron of Naas, married MAUD PONTE DE L'ARCHE [see MARSHAL 2.v.c].
  Children of Richard Fitz Gilbert, by Eve of Leinster:
  i. GILBERT FITZ RICHARD, son and heir, born about 1173, died 1185-9 s.p., probably a minor. C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-104 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke).
  ii. ISABEL DE CLARE, married WILLIAM MARSHAL, Knt., 3rd Earl of Pembroke [see MARSHAL 3]”
  
  === Buried in Christ Church Catheral, Dublin ===
  Buried in Christ Church Catheral, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition L 63-27 !6th Earl of Clare, Hertford & Gloucester, Magna Charta Surety, 1215
  
  === B-57 (66-26): Richard was 2nd Earl of Pe ===
  B-57 (66-26): Richard was 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland. He was called "Strongbow".
  
  === 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Occupation: 2nd ===
  2nd Earl of Pembroke. Occupation: 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justicar of Ireland 2 Note: 1Note: conquests in Ireland laid the foundation of English rule there. One ofthe principal Norman magnates in Wales, Pembroke led an army to Irelandin 1170 as the ally of Dermot MacMurrough, ruler of the Irish kingdom inLeinster. After taking Waterford and Dublin from Dermot's foes, hemarried the king's daughter and claimed the throne of Leinster when hisfather-in-law died. In 1171 he surrendered Dublin to his sovereign KingHenry II of England, and recognized him as his overlord. AfterPembroke's death Henry claimed Ireland for his own son John, and laterEnglish kings considered the country part of their domains. Sources: swilliams10 Type: CD ROM Title: Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99 Publication: Microsoft Corporation Type: Book Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis Periodical: Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD Text: line 66-26
  
  === Earl richard Fitzgilbert bio ===
  (22nd Great Grandfather) Irish Pedigrees or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation By John O'Hart The descent of the Irish Celts from Adam 1. Adam 2. Seth 3. Enos 4. Cainan 5. Mahalaleel 6. Jared 7. Enoch 8. Methuselah 9. Lamech 10. Noah divided the world amongst his three sons, begotten of his wife Titea: viz., to Shem he gave Asia, within the Euphrates, to the Indian Ocean; to Ham he gave Syria, Arabia, and Africa; and to Japhet, the rest of Asia beyond the Euphrates, together with Europe to Gadea (or Cadiz). 11. Japhet was the eldest son of Noah. He had fifteen sons, amongst whom he divided Europe and the part of Asia which his father had allotted to him. 12. Magog: From whom descended the Parthians, Bactrians, Amazons, etc.; Parthalon, the first planter of Ireland, about three hundred years after the Flood; and also the rest of the colonies that planted there, viz., the Nemedians, who planted Ireland, Anno Mundi three thousand and forty-six, or three hundred and eighteen years after the birth of Abraham, and two thousand one hundred and fifty-three years before Christ. The Nemedians continued in Ireland for two hundred and seventeen years; within which time a colony of theirs went into the northern parts of Scotland, under the conduct of their leader Briottan Maol, from whom Britain takes its name, and not from "Brutus," as some persons believed. From Magog were also descended the Belgarian, Belgian, Firbolgian or Firvolgian colony that succeeded the Nemedians, Anno Mundi, three thousand two hundred and sixty-six, and who first erected Ireland into a Monarchy. [According to some writers, the Fomorians invaded Ireland next after the Nemedians.] This Belgarian of Firvolgian colony continued in Ireland for thirty-six years, under nine of their Kings; when they were supplanted by the Tuatha-de-Danann (which means, according to some authorities, "the people of the god Dan," whom they adored), who possessed Ireland for one hundred and ninety-seven years, during the reigns of nine of their kings; and who were then conquered by the Gaelic, Milesian, or Scotic Nation (the three names by which the Irish people were known), Anno Mundi three thousand five hundred. This Milesian or Scotic Irish Nation possessed and enjoyed the Kingdom of Ireland for two thousand eight hundred and eighty-five years, under one hundred and eighty-three Monarchs; until their submission to King Henry the Second of England, Anno Domini one thousand one hundred and eighty-six. 13. Boath, one of the sons of Magog; to whom Scythia came as his lot, upon the division of the Earth by Noah amongst his sons, and by Japhet of his part thereof amongst his sons. 14. Phoeniusa Farsaidh (or Fenius Farsa) was King of Scythia, at the time when Ninus ruled the Assyrian Empire; and, being a wise man and desirous to learn the languages that not long before confounded the builders of the Tower of Babel, employed able and learned men to go among the dispersed multitude to learn their several languages; who sometime after returning well skilled in what they went for, Phniusa Farsaidh erected a school in the valley of Senaar, near the city of Æothena, in the forty-second year of the reign of Ninus; whereupon, having continued there with his younger son Niul for twenty years, he returned home to his kingdom, which, at his death, he left to the oldest son Nenuall; leaving to Niul no other patrimony than his learning and the benefit of the said school. 15. Niul, after his father returned to Scythia, continued some time at othena, teaching the languages and other laudable sciences, until upon report of his great learning he was invited into Egypt by Pharaoh, the King; who gave him the land of Campus Cyrunt, near the Red Sea to inhabit, and his daughter Scota in marriage; from whom their posterity are ever since called Scots; but, according to some annalists, the name "Scots" is derived from the word Scythia. It was this Niul that employed Gaodhal [Gael], son of Ethor, a learned and skilful man, to compose or rather refine and adorn the language, called Bearla Tobbai, which was common to all Niul's posterity, and afterwards called Gaodhilg (or Gaelic), from the said Gaodhal who composed or refined it; and for his sake also Niul called his own eldest son "Gaodhal." 16. Gaodhal (or Gathelus), the son of Niul, and ancestor of Clan-na-Gael, that is, "the children or descendants of Gaodhal". In his youth this Gaodhal was stung in the neck by a serpent, and was immediately brought to Moses, who, laying his rod upon the wounded place, instantly cured him; whence followed the word "Glas" to be added to his named, as Gaodhal Glas (glas: Irish, green; Lat. glaucus; Gr. glaukos), on account of the green scar which the word signifies, and which, during his life, remained on his neck after the wound was healed. And Gaodhal obtained a further blessing, namely-that no venomous beast can live any time where his posterity should inhabit; which is verified in Creta or Candia, Gothia or Getulia, Ireland, etc. The Irish chroniclers affirm that from this time Gaodhal and his posterity did paint the figures of Beasts, Birds, etc., on their banners and shields, to distinguish their tribes and septs, in imitation of the Israelites; and that a "Thunderbolt" was the cognisance in their chief standard for many generations after this Gaodhal. 17. Asruth, after his father's death, continued in Egypt and governed his colony in peace during his life. 18. Sruth, soon after his father's death, was set upon by the Egyptians, on account of their former animosities towards their predecessors for having taken part with the Israelites against them; which animosities until then lay raked up in the embers, and now broke out in a flame to that degree, that after many battles and conflicts wherein most of his colony lost their live, Sruth was forced with the few remaining to depart the country; and, after many traverses at sea, arrived at the Island of Creta (now called Candia), where he paid his last tribute to nature. 19. Heber Scut (scut: Irish, a Scot), after his father's death and a year's stay in Creta, departed thence, leaving some of his people to inhabit the Island, where some of their posterity likely still remain; "because the Island breeds no venomous serpent ever since." He and his people soon after arrived in Scythia; where his cousins, the posterity of Nenuall (eldest son of Fenius Farsa, above mentioned), refusing to allot a place of habitation form him and his colony, they fought many battles wherein Heber (with the assistance of some of the natives who were ill-affected towards their king), being always victor, he at length forced the sovereignty from the other, and settled himself and his colony in Scythia, who continued there for four generations. (Hence the epithet Scut, "a Scot" or "a Scythian," was applied to this Heber, who was accordingly called Heber Scot.) Heber Scot was afterwards slain in battle by Noemus the former king's son. 20. Baouman; 21 Ogaman; and 22. Tait, were each kings of Scythia, but in constant war with the natives; so that after Tait's death his son, 23. Agnon and his followers betook themselves to sea, wandering and coasting upon the Caspian Sean for several (some say seven) years in which time he died. 24. Lamhfionn and his fleet remained at sea for some time, after his father's death, resting and refreshing themselves upon such islands as they met with. It was then the Cachear, their magician or Druid, foretold that there would be no end of their peregrinations and travel until they should arrive at the Western Island of Europe, now called Ireland, which was the place destined for their future and lasting abode and settlement; and that not they but their posterity after three hundred years should arrive there. After many traverses of fortune at sea, this little fleet with their leader arrived at last and landed at Gothia or Geulia-more recently called Lybia, where Carthage was afterwards built; and, soon after, Lamhfionn died there. 25. Heber Glunfionn was born in Gothia, where he died. His posterity continued there to the eighth generation; and were kings or chief rulers there for one hundred and fifty years-some say three hundred years. 26 Agnan Fionn; 27. Febric Glas; 28. Nenuall; 29. Nuadhad; 30. Alladh; 31. Arcadh; and 32. Deag: of these nothing remarkable is mentioned, but that they lived and died kings in Gothia or Getulia. 33. Brath was born in Gothia. Remembering the Druid's prediction, and his people having considerably multiplied during their abode in Geulia, he departed thence with a numerous fleet to seek out the country destined for their final settlement, by the prophecy of Cachear, the Druid above mentioned; and, after some time, he landed upon the coast of Spain, and by strong hand settled himself and his colony in Galicia, in the north of that country. 34. Breoghan (or Brigus) was king of Galicia, Andalusia, Murcia, Castile, and Portugal-all of which he conquered. He built Breoghan's Tower or Brigantia in Galicia, and the city of Brigantia or Braganza in Portugal-called after him; and the kingdom of Castile was then also called after him Brigia. It is considered that "Castile" itself was so called from the figure of a castle which Brigus bore for his Arms on his banner. Brigus sent a colony into Britain, who settled in that territory now known as the counties of York, Lancaster, Durham, Westmoreland, and Cumberland, and, after him were called Brigantes; whose posterity gave formidable opposition to the Romans, at the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. 35. Bilé; was king of those countries after his father's death; and his son Galamh [galav] or Milesius succeeded him. This Bilé had a brother named Ithe . 36. Milesius, in his youth and in his father's life-time, went into Scythia, where he was kindly received by the king of that country, who gave him his daughter in marriage, and appointed him General of his forces. In this capacity M
  
  === Reference 1 ===
  Richard de Clare, the celebrated Stongbow, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, was one of the witnesses to the solemn agreement made in 1153 between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy, whereby the latter was to succeed to the English throne upon the decease of the former. But the leading part he subsequently had in the subjugation of Ireland procuring him a conspicuous place in history, we shall relate the particulars of that event in the words of the Monk of Jorevaulx -- "The realm of Ireland," saith he, "being miserably opprest with warr by the many kings there who banded against each other, one of them sent his son into England to procure souldiers thence for his aid. Which souldiers for the hope of gain, giving him assistance, were so well recompenced as that they rather chose to stay there than return into England. But after a short time the stoutest people of Ireland, being much offended with that king for getting aid from England, the English already fixed in Ireland sent for more from hence to strengthen their party, and because they had no chief they made of this Earl Richard (a stout and valiant man), to be their captain, who, yielding to their request, rigging a good fleet, prepared for the journey. Whereupon there were some who, in the king's behalf, endeavoured to restrain him. Howbeit, getting on shipboard and landing safe, he assaulted Dublin and took it; the tidings whereof so terrified those that lived afar off that they were content to be at peace with him; and, to confirm what he had got, gave him in marriage Eva, daughter of Dermot McMurrough, one of their kings, with whom he had in dower a great part of the realm. Whereat the King of England growing much displeased, as well for that he had not only, without his consent, but forbidden, made so great an attempt, seized upon all his patrimony here, prohibiting that he should have further aid; and threatening him otherwise very sore, compelled him so to such a compliance as that he got Dublin from him and all the principal places he had won, requiring him to be content with the rest, and his patrimony in England; soon after raising a great army, the king sayled thither, himself." In the end the earl was constituted Justice of Ireland by King Henry II and, having founded the priory of Kilmainham in the province of Leinster for Knights Hospitallers, "this eminent person," Dugdale concludes, "died untimely upon the nones of April, anno 1176, and was buried in the chapter house at Gloucester as may be seen by this inscription on the wall there, 'Hic jacet Ricardus Strongbow, filius Gilberti, Comitis de Pembroke," leaving issue, as some say, one son, scarce three years old to be his heir, but by others it is reported that, being by treachery abused and wounded, he departed this life the 5th year after his acquisition of the province of Leinster, and that he was buried at Dublin, leaving issue one only dau. and heiress, Isabel.
  
  NOTE: Hacket, in his collection of epitaphs, gives the following from the tomb of Strongbow, at Christ's Church, Dublin:--
  
  "Nate ingrate, mihi pugnanti terga dedisti,
  Non mihi, sed genti, regno quoque terga dedisti."
  
  "This alludes," says Banks, "to a story that Strongbow's only son, a youth about seventeen, frightened with the numbers and ululations of the Irish in a great battle, ran away, but being afterwards informed of his father's victory, he joyfully returned to congratulate him. But the severe general having first upbraided him with his cowardice, caused him to be immediately executed by cutting him off in the middle with a sword. Such, in former times, was the detestation of datardliness!" [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, pp. 120-121, Clare, Earls of Pembroke]
  
  Richard de Clare (surnamed Strongbow), Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster, and Constable of Ireland, 1172. By marriage with Eva, the only dau. of McMurgh, King of Leinster, whose inheritance King henry II granted to him consisting of the province of Leinster, in which were contained Wexford, Kildare, Kilkenny, Osory, and Catherlogh. He d. in May, 1177, and left an only dau. and heir, Isabel, married to William Mareschal. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 628, Baronage of Ireland]
  
  ___________________________
  
  RiCHARD FITZGILBERT, probably styled also Strongbow, EARL OF PEMBROKE, son and heir, born probably circa 1130, attested his father's charters for Lewes and Southwark, and in his father's lifetime made a gift to the abbey of Foucarmont. He succeeded his father as Earl of Pembroke, and in 1153 he attested, as Earl of Pembroke, the treaty between Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy. In 1168, with the Earl of Arundel and other nobles, he escorted the Princess Maud to Germany for her marriage to the Duke of Saxony. It was probably in this year that he promised Dermot, the exiled King of Leinster, to help him to recover his kingdom, in return for the promise of his daughter in marriage and the succession to the Crown; but it was not until about 2 years later that he sailed from Milford Haven. On 23 August 1170 he landed near the Danish city of Waterford, which was captured; and with Dermot he marched on Dublin, the chief Danish stronghold, which also fell. After the death of Dermot, circa 1 May 1171, there was a general rising of the Irish and he was besieged in Dublin by the King of Connaught for nearly 2 months; but he surprised the enemy by a sudden sortie and routed them. Marching to Wexford, he defeated O'Ryan, the local King, on the way, at the pass of Odrone. Meanwhile his conquests had aroused the jealousy of Henry II, and the Earl sent Raymond the Fat to place them all in the King's hands. Finally Richard went over to meet Henry and agreed to surrender Dublin and the other coast towns and to do homage for the rest of Leinster. He then accompanied the King to Ireland, did homage and was granted Leinster in fee. In 1173 he joined the King in Normandy, and he took part in the relief of Verneuil in August. Henry is said to have made him Constable of Gisors, and to have given him Wexford, with the custody of Waterford and Dublin; and at Rouen the King committed the custody of Ireland to him. In 1174 he invaded Munster, but he had to fall back on Waterford, where he was besieged unsuccessfully by the Irish. eventually his supremacy in Leinster was undisputed, and he effected its subinfeudation among his supporters. Before the end of 1175 he was with the King in England. He founded the priory of Usk, and probably the hospital of St. John at Kilmainham-; and he was a benefactor to the abbeys, of Foucarmont, Cormeilles, and Tintern, and the priory of Goldcliff, and in Dublin to the Abbey of St. Mary and to Holy Trinity (Christ Church Cathedral); and he confirmed the foundation of St. Mary's Abbey, Dunbrothy, by his unclc Hervey de Montmorency. He married, circa 26 August 1171, at Waterford, Aoife (a name converted into Eve), daughter and de facto heir of Dermot MACMURROUGH, King of Leinster, by Mor, daughter of Murtough O'TOOLE, Lord of Omurethy, and half-sister St. Laurence O'TOOLE, Archbishop of Dublin. He died probably 20 April 1176, in Dublin, and was buried there in Holy Trinity (Christ Church Cathedral). His widow was styled the Countess of Ireland in 1185, but Countess of Strigoil in 1186. She remained at the King's disposal until his death, and probably died soon afterwards. [Complete Peerage X:352-7, XIV:521]
  
  ________________________
  
  Richard de Clare or Richard Strongbow, second Earl of Pembroke and Strigul (d 1176), was son of Gilberts earl of Pembroke in 1138 and grandson of Gilbert de Clare d 1115?. His mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, earl of Leicester and Mellent. He appears to have succeeded to his father's estates in 1148; but the name of 'Richard count of Pembroke' first appears amont the signatures to the treaty of Wesminster (7 Nov 1153), which recognised Prince Henry as Stephen's successor. It appears that he was allowed to retain his title even after the accession of Henry II, when so many of Stephen's earldoms were abolished; but according to Giraldus Cambrensis he had either foreited or lost his estates by 1167-8. We learn from Ralph de Diceto that he was one of the nobles who accompanied Princess Matilda on her marriage journey to Minded in Germany early in 1168. According to the Irish historians it was in 1166 the Dermot, driven from Leinster by the combined forces of Roderic O'Conner, king of Connaught, and Tighernan O'Rmacrc, king of Breifni, appealed to Henry for aid in the recovery of his kingdom. This date, according to Giraldus, seems two years too early. Henry gave letters empowering any of his subjects to assis the dethroned monarch, who secured the services of Earl Richard, promising in return for his assistance to give him his eldest daughter in marriage, together with the succession to Leinster. The earl engaged to cross over with an army in the ensuing spring; but stipulated that he must have express permission from Henry before starting. Earlier aid was promised by Robert FitzStephen and Maurice FitzGerald, who appear to have crossed over to Wexford about 1 May 1169. If this date be correct, the meeting of Dermot and the earl must have taken place about July 1168, to which year Hoveden assigns the invastion of Ireland. In the conquest of Wexford and the expeditions against Ossory and Dublin Earl Richard took no part; but acording to Giraldus he was represented in this campaign by his nephew, Hervey de Mountmaurice.
  
  It was apparently towards the close of this year that Dermot, despairing of the arrival of the Earl of Strigul, offered his daughter ot Robert FitzStephen and Maurice FitzGerald, and on their refusal sent a pressing invitation to the earl: 'The swallows have come and gone, yet you are tarrying still.' On receiving this letter, Earl Richard
  
  === Abbot of Ely. ===
  Abbot of Ely.
  
  === Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke ( ===
  Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (1130 ? 20 April 1176). Like his father, he was also commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (French: Arc-Fort). He was a Cambro-Norman lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland.
  
  Richard was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Beaumont. Richard's father died when he was about eighteen years old and Richard inherited the title Earl of Pembroke. It is probable that this title was not recognized at Henry II's coronation. As the son of the first Earl, he succeeded to his father's estates in 1148, but was deprived of the title by King Henry II of England in 1154 for siding with King Stephen of England against Henry?s mother, the Empress Matilda. Richard was in fact, described by his contemporaries as the Earl of Striguil, Striguil being where he had a fortress at a place now called Chepstow, in Monmouthshire on the Wye. He saw an opportunity to reverse his bad fortune in 1168 when he met Diarmait Mac Murchada, the former King of Leinster.
  
  In 1167, the King of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada, was deprived of his kingdom by the High King of Ireland - Rory O'Connor (Irish: Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair). The grounds for the dispossession were that MacMurrough had, in 1152, abducted Derbforgaill, the wife of the King of Breifne, Tiernan O'Rourke (Irish: Tighearnán Ua Ruairc). To recover his kingdom, MacMurrough solicited help from Henry II of England. The deposed king left Ireland for Bristol from near Bannow on 1 August 1166. He met King Henry II in Aquitaine in autumn 1166. Henry could not help him at this time, but provided a letter of comfort for willing supporters of Mac Murchada's cause in his kingdom. However, after his return to Wales he failed to rally any forces to his standard. Eventually he met the Earl of Striguil (nicknamed "Strongbow") and other barons of the Welsh Marches. Mac Murchada came to an agreement with de Clare: for the Earl?s assistance with an army the following spring, he could have Aoife, Mac Murchada's eldest daughter in marriage and the succession to Leinster. As Henry?s approval or license to Mac Murchada was a general one, the Earl of Striguil thought it prudent to obtain Henry's specific consent to travel to Ireland: he waited two years to do this. The license he got was to aid Mac Murchada in the recovery of his kingdom of Leinster.
  
  An army was assembled that included Welsh archers. It was led by Raymond FitzGerald (also known as Raymond le Gros) and in quick succession it took the Viking or Scandinavian-established towns of Wexford, Waterford and Dublin in 1169-1170. Strongbow, however, was not with the first invading party, only arriving later, in August 1170.
  
  In May 1171, Diarmuid Mac Murchada died and his son, Donal MacMurrough-Kavanagh (Irish: Domhnall Caemanach mac Murchada) claimed the kingdom of Leinster in accordance with his rights under the Brehon Laws. The Earl of Striguil also claimed the kingship in the right of his wife. The old king's death was the signal of a general rising, and Richard barely managed to keep Rory O'Connor out of Dublin.
  
  Strongbow was the statesman, whereas Raymond was the soldier, of the conquest. He is vividly described by Giraldus Cambrensis as a tall and fair man, of pleasing appearance, modest in his bearing, delicate in features, of a low voice, but sage in council and the idol of his soldiers. He was first interred in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral where an alleged effigy can be viewed. Strongbow's actual tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The one on display dates from around the 15th century, bears the coat of arms of the Earls of Kildare and is the effigy of another local Knight. Strongbow is actually buried in the graveyard of the Ferns Cathedral, Ferns, where his grave can be seen in the graveyard.
  
  Richard also held the title of Lord Marshal of England.
  
  From the collection of Jerry Dean Ferren.
  
  === The Clare estates along with the earldom ===
  The Clare estates along with the earldom passed to Roger's son, Richard, who for the next 4 decades until he d. in 1217, was the head of the great house of CLARE, adding immensely to the wealth, prestige, and landed endowment of his line. The Magna Carta Surety and the 4th Earl of Hertford, but like his father and his uncle was more generally known as the Earl of Clare. He was present at the coronation of King Richard at Westminster on September 3, 1189, and of King John on May 27, 1199. Richard de CLARE acquired half of the former honor of Giffard in 1189 when King Richard I, in need of money for the Third Crusade, agreed to divide the Giffard estates between Richard de CLARE and his cousin Isabel, Strongbow's dau. based on their claims tof descendancy to Rohese Giffard. Richard de CLARE obtained Long Crendon in Buckingham, the caput of the Giffard honor in England, associated manors in Buckingham, Cambridge, and Bedfordshire, and 43 knights' fees, in addition to some former Giffard lands in Normandy. When Richard de CLARE's mother Maud d. in 1195, he obtained the honor of St. Hilary. Maud's 2nd husband, William de Aubigny, Earl of Arundel, who had held St. Hilary jure uxoris, d. in 1193, and despite the fact he had a son and heir, the honor reverted to Maud and after her death escheated to the crown. Richard de CLARE offered œ360 and acquired it. The honor later became absorbed into the honor of CLARE and lost its separate identity. Richard de CLARE's most important act, however, was his m. to Amicia, 2nd dau. and eventual sole heir to William earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance included the earldom and honor of Gloucester with over 260 knights' fees in England, along with the important marcher lordships of Glamorgan and Gwynllwg. In the 7th year of Richard I., gave 1,000 pounds to the king for livery of the lands of his mother's inheritance, with his proportion of those sometimes belonging to Giffard, Earl of Buckingham. Then in 1200, when King John c reated Richard's wife Amicia's sisster Mabel's son Amaury Earl of Gloucester, Richard de CLARE and his son Gilbert were given a few estates and 10 fees of the honor of Gloucester of Kent; otherwise, John kept the bulk of the honor, with the great lordships of Glamorgan and Gwynllwg. Mabel's son Amaury d. without issue in 1213 Shortly thereafter, John gave the 1st Isabel in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, earl of Essex, who was also created earl of Gloucester. When Geoffrey died, the inheritance was assigned to Hubert de Burgh, the justiciar. Hubert m. Countess Isabel shortly before her daeth in Oct. 1217, however, he did not retain the estates, since they passed to Amicia, now recognized as countess of Gloucestire, and her husband Richard de CLARE, despite the fact Richard and Amicia had been separated since 1200. He sided with the barons against King John and his castle of Tunbridge was taken. On November 9, 1215, he was one of the commissioners on the part of the barons to treat peace with the king. On March 4, 1215 or 1216 his lands in cos. Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex were granted to Robert de Betun; and he and his son were among the barons excommunicated by the Pope in 1215. SOURCE: National Society Magna Charta Dames and Barons Magna Charta Baron Page
  
  === Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke ( ===
  Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (1130 - 20 April 1176) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard fitz Gilbert has since become commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (Norman French: Arc-Fort) which may be a mistranscription or mistranslation of Striguil.
  His son Gilbert de Striguil, or Strigoil, died unmarried before 1189. As a minor, he never became an earl, thus the earldom was passed with Richard's daughter Isabel to her spouse William Marshall.
  
  Richard's cognomen Strongbow has become the name he is best known by, but it is unlikely that he was called that at the time. Cognomens of other Cambro-Norman and Norman lords were exclusively Norman-French as the nobility spoke French and, with few exceptions, official documents were written in Latin during this period. The confusion seems to have arisen when Richard's name was being translated into Latin. In the Domesday Exchequer annals between 1300 and 1304 (over 120 years after his death) it was written as "Ricardus cognomento Stranghose Comes Strugulliae (Richard known as Stranghose earl of Striguil)." This chronicler erroneously has attributed Stranghose (foreign leggings) as a cognomen, where it is much more likely a variant spelling or mistranscription of Striguil, which is called Strangboge, Stranboue or Stranbohe in other transcriptions. It is in the fourteenth century that we have Richard's name finally rendered as Strongbow "Earl Richard son of Gilbert Strongbow [earl of Shropshire]."
  
  Richard was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Beaumont. Richard's father died in about 1148, when he was roughly 18 years old, and Richard inherited the title 'count of Strigoil' Earl of Pembroke. It is probable that this title was not recognized at Henry II's coronation in 1154. As the son of the first 'earl', he succeeded to his father's estates in 1148, but was deprived of the title by King Henry II of England in 1154 for siding with King Stephen of England against Henry's mother, the Empress Matilda. Richard was in fact, called by his contemporaries Count Striguil, for his marcher lordship of Striguil where he had a fortress at a place now called Chepstow, in Monmouthshire on the River Wye. He saw an opportunity to reverse his bad fortune in 1168 when he met Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster.
  
  In 1167, Diarmait Mac Murchada was deprived of the Kingdom of Leinster by the High King of Ireland - Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair. The grounds for the dispossession were that Mac Murchada had, in 1152, abducted Dervorgilla, the wife of the King of Breifne, Tiernan O'Rourke (Irish: Tighearnán Ua Ruairc). To recover his kingdom, Mac Murchada solicited help from the King of England - Henry II. The deposed king embarked for Bristol from near Bannow on 1 August 1166. He met Henry in Aquitaine in the Autumn of 1166. Henry could not help him at this time, but provided a letter of comfort for willing supporters of Mac Murchada's cause in his kingdom. However, after his return to Wales, he failed to rally any forces to his standard. He eventually met the count of Striguil (nicknamed "Strongbow") and other barons of the Welsh Marches. Mac Murchada came to an agreement with Richard de Clare: for the Earl's assistance with an army the following spring, he could have Aoife, Mac Murchada's eldest daughter in marriage and the succession to Leinster. As Henry's approval or licence to Mac Murchada was a general one, the count of Striguil thought it prudent to obtain Henry's specific consent to travel to Ireland: he waited two years to do this. The licence he got was to aid Mac Murchada in the recovery of his kingdom of Leinster.
  Mac Murchada and Richard de Clare raised a large army, which included Welsh archers and arranged for Raymond FitzGerald (also known as Raymond le Gros) to lead it. The force took the Ostman towns of Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin in rapid succession between 1169 and 1170. Richard de Clare, however, was not with the first invading party and arrived later, in August 1170.
  
  In May 1171, Diarmait Mac Murchada died and his son, Donal MacMurrough-Kavanagh (Irish: Domhnall Caemanach mac Murchada), claimed the kingdom of Leinster in accordance with his rights under the Brehon Laws. Richard de Clare also claimed the kingship in the right of his wife. At this time, Strongbow sent his uncle, Hervey de Montmorency, on an embassy to Henry II. This was necessary to appease the King who was growing restive at the count's increasing power. Upon his return, de Montmorency conveyed the King's terms - the return of Richard de Clare's lands in France, England, and Wales as well as leaving him in possession of his Irish lands. In return, Richard de Clare surrendered Dublin, Waterford, and other fortresses to the English king. Henry's intervention was successful and both the Gaelic and Norman lords in the south and east of Ireland accepted his rule; Richard de Clare also agreed to assist Henry II in his coming war in France.
  
  Henry crossed over to Ireland in October 1172 and stayed in Ireland six months. He put his own men into nearly all the important places, Richard keeping only Kildare. In 1173 Richard went in person to France to help Henry II during the rebellion by his sons, being reinstated in Leinster as a reward. In 1174 he advanced into Connaught and was severely defeated, but subsequently Raymond FitzGerald re-established his supremacy in Leinster.
  
  Marriage and issue
  By an unknown mistress, Richard de Clare fathered two daughters:
  1. Aline de Clare, who married William FitzMaurice FitzGerald, baron of Naas
  2. Basilia de Clare, who married Robert de Quenci, Constable of Leinster
  
  On about 26 August 1171 in Reginald's Tower, Waterford, Richard de Clare married MacMurrough's daughter, Aoife MacMurrough (anglicised as "Eva").
  Their children were:
  3. Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, a minor who died in 1185
  4. Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, who became Countess of Pembroke in her own right in 1185 (on the death of her brother) until her own death in 1220. King Henry II had promised Sir William Marshal that he would be given Isabel as his bride, and his son Richard I upheld the promise one month after his ascension to the throne. The earldom was given to her husband as her consort. Marshall was the son of John the Marshal, by Sibylle, the sister of Patrick, Earl of Salisbury.
  
  Richard de Clare died in June 1176 of some type of infection in his leg or foot. He was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Dublin with his uncle-in-law, Lawrence, Archbishop of Dublin, presiding. King Henry II took all of Strongbow's lands and castles for himself and placed a royal official in charge of them. He guarded well the inheritance of Isabel. Eve was given her dower rights and possibly held Striguil [Chepstow] as part of those dower rights until the Welsh rebellion of 1184/85. There is a record of Eve confirming a charter in Ireland in 1188/89 as "comtissa de Hibernia".
  
  Richard de Clare's widow, Aoife, lived on and was last recorded in a charter of 1188.
  
  There are no known extant records of the personal lives of Richard de Clare and Eve. We know that this young red-haired son of Gilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke survived the years of being deprived of his rightful inheritance. He took the gamble that Dermot MacMurchada offered. He conquered and re-constituted his inherited lordship of Leinster, married the golden-haired Eve, and re-gained the respect of king Henry II. Two interesting questions arise for which there is no known extant contemporary records. Did Richard de Clare perhaps meet the man who would be his daughter's husband in the 1173 rebellion of the young King Henry? Would Richard de Clare have approved of the knight William Marshal who married his daughter Isabel and not only regained all the land, castles and titles that Richard de Clare should have inherited, but added greatly to them?
  
  Legacy
  Richard de Clare was first interred in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral where an alleged effigy can be viewed. Richard de Clare's actual tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The one on display dates from around the 15th century, bears the coat of arms of an unknown knight, and is the effigy of another local knight. Richard de Clare was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin within sight of the cross according to an eyewitness, Giraldus Cambrensis. There is little evidence to support the tradition that he was buried either in St Edan's Cathedral, Ferns, Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford or Dominican priory, Kilkenny. References to 'de Clare' being buried in Gloucester cathedral refer to his father, while those to 'Strongbow' in Tintern abbey refer probably to Walter or Anselm Marshall, both of whom died in 1245.
  The English cider brand Strongbow is named after him.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke
  
  === Name RICHARD Fitzgilbert "Strongbow", Ea ===
  Name RICHARD Fitzgilbert "Strongbow", Earl of Pembroke /De Clare, 2nd Earl/
  
  === Richard De Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, ===
  Richard De Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, was known as "Strongbow", one of the first Normans, up to then practically unknown in Ireland, to enter, officially, with the permission of King Henry II, into Ireland; At the invitation of the then King of Leicester, Dermot Mac Murrough, a group of Norman nobles entered Ireland. On or about 1170, at Waterford, Leicester, Richard De Clare married Aife, also known as Eva, daughter of Dermot Mac Nurrough. Upon Dermot's death, Richard became the leader and acknowledged head or king of Leicester
  
  === Magna Charta Surety ===
  Magna Charta Surety
  
  === Richard "Strongbow" de Clare Sex: M Birt ===
  Richard "Strongbow" de Clare Sex: M Birth: ABT 1130 Death: 20 APR 1176 inDublin, Ireland Occupation: Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster ChangeDate: 10 JAN 2002 Father: **Gilbert "Strongbow" de Clare b: ABT 1100 Mother: **IsabelBeaumont b: ABT 1104 Marriage 1 **Eva of Leinster Children **Isabel de Clare b: ABT 1174 BIOGRAPHY: RICHARD DE CLARE (c. 1130-1176) BIOGRAPHY: 2nd Earl of Pembroke commonly known as Strongbow Lost his earldom on the accession of Henry II Stephen's man In 1166 he married Aeoife of Leinster and in 1170 went to Ireland Occupied Dublin and Waterford and in 1171 became Earl of Leinster thusprecipitating Henry II's invasion of Ireland Recognised as Earl of Leinster and became Henry's representative inIreland. BIOGRAPHY: Penance, Rebellion and Ireland Henry II was repentant of the murder of Becket. He spent years atoningfor his guilt making pilgrimages to the shrine of the archbishop. He madehis peace with the Pope. BIOGRAPHY: Finally he turned his attentions to Ireland. The Pope wasunhappy about the way the Church was managed in Ireland. For example, thebishopric, the see of Armagh, was hereditary; eight bishops appeared tobe married and had children; others did not even appear to have beenordained. Pope Alexander approved of Henry's expedition. BIOGRAPHY: The King landed at Waterford on 17th October 1171. Only thekings of Tyrone and Tyrconnel refused to pay him homage. He built apalace at Dublin and within a year, supported by the Pope, he wasrecognised as Lord of Ireland. This, of course, was not the end of Irishstory Henry did not understand that as soon as he left Ireland they wouldforget their allegiance to him. BIOGRAPHY: Henry had certainly strengthened his powers in other areas.Through the marriage of his daughters he had forged links with Scicily,Castile and Saxony. BIOGRAPHY: His success was undoubtedly marred by the treachery of his ownsons: John; Henry; Geoffrey and Richard. They planned no less than fourrebellions against their father. He died heartbroken after being defeatedin a war fought against Henry, his heir, and his youngest son, John, on6th July 1189 with only one son, Geoffrey at his bedside. Sources: Norr, Coe, Kraentzler 1097, 1103, 1112, 1126, 1134, 1137, 1427, 1147, 1150; A. Roots 66-26, 175-7; AF. Roots: Richard de Clare. "Strongbow," born about 1130. Died about 20 April 1176. Second Earl of Pembroke, 1150. Earl of Striguil. Justiciar of Ireland. Married Aoife (or Eve), living 1186. Norr: Richard de Clare, Earl of Buckingham. K: Richard Fitz-Gilbert, Lord de Clare. Slain. SOURCES: 1. Weis, Frederick Lewis. _Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists_. 6th Edition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1988; line 66-26. Richard de Clare was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland. 2. Ancestral File (AFN:91SF-H7). The Ancestral File also gives his birthas 1110 in Lancaster and his death date as 1125 and 1135. This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File: Gilbert de Clare (AFN: HPT4-QV) and E de Beaumont (AFN:HPT4-R2).
  
  === Richard fitz Gilbert, aka "Strongbow" l ===
  Richard fitz Gilbert, aka "Strongbow" led the Norman invasion of Ireland and obtained the great lordship of Leinster in- Irish magnates under King Henry II.
  
  === Earl of Pembroke ===
  Earl of Pembroke
  
  === The most powerful of the marcher and An ===
  The most powerful of the marcher and Anglo-Irish magnates under King Henry II.
  
  === !SOURCES: Royal Ancestors of Magna Cart ===
  !SOURCES: Royal Ancestors of Magna Carta Barons; pg. 65 NOTES: Called "Strongbow" 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of uckingham, Justiciar of Ireland
  
  === Sources: Norr, Coe, Kraentzler 1097, 110 ===
  Sources: Norr, Coe, Kraentzler 1097, 1103, 1112, 1126, 1134, 1137,1427, 1147, 1150; A. Roots 66-26, 175-7; AF. Roots: Richard de Clare. "Strongbow," born about 1130. Died about 20 April 1176. Second Earl of Pembroke, 1150. Earl of Striguil. Justiciar of Ireland. Married Aoife (or Eve), living 1186. Norr: Richard de Clare, Earl of Buckingham. K: Richard Fitz-Gilbert, Lord de Clare. Slain. SOURCES: 1. Weis, Frederick Lewis. _Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists_. 6thEdition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1988; line66-26. Richard de Clare was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland. 2. Ancestral File (AFN:91SF-H7). The Ancestral File also gives hisbirth as 1110 in Lancaster and his death date as 1125 and 1135. This individual has the following other parents in the AncestralFile: Gilbert de Clare (AFN: HPT4-QV) and E de Beaumont (AFN:HPT4-R2).
  
  === 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Went to Ireland to ===
  2nd Earl of Pembroke. Went to Ireland to aid Dermot McMurrough and recoup his fortune (1170).Subdued much of East Ireland. Under Henry II became Justice of Ireland.
  
  === Earl of Pembroke 1136-1149 Lord of Nethe ===
  Earl of Pembroke 1136-1149 Lord of Netherwent 1138-1149
  
  === Burial: Holy Trinity, Christ Church Cat ===
  Burial: Holy Trinity, Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland Occupation: Earl of Pembroke, Justiciar of Ireland, Earl of Striguil
  
  === !#21> Complete Peerage-v2-p387*,-v3-p243 ===
  !#21> Complete Peerage-v2-p387*,-v3-p243fn(d),-v5-p695,-v6-p501fn(f), -v10-p352-357*, (FHL 942 D22cok); !AF: BAPT-END> AFN:91SFH7; !KIN> s & h; TITLE> called himself (rightly or wrongly) Earl of Buckingham - & was generally considered to be so; NICKNAME> nickname probably "Strongbow"; DEATH> 5 or 26 Apr 1176;
  
  === !Sir Richard was the 2nd Earl of Pembrok ===
  !Sir Richard was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Buckingham and Justiciar of Ireland. !Richard was the Earl of Clare and Lord Justice of Ireland. !Sir Richard was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Buckingham and Justiciar of Ireland. !Richard was the Earl of Clare and Lord Justice of Ireland.
  
  === 2nd Earl of Pembroke; Earl of Striguil; ===
  2nd Earl of Pembroke; Earl of Striguil; Justiciar of Ireland Nickname: Strongbow
  
  === http://www.castlewales.com/strngbow.html ===
  http://www.castlewales.com/strngbow.html Strongbow's father was Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare, lord of Orbec and Bienfaite, lord of Striguil (Chepstow), and earl of Pembroke. Gilbert was a younger son of Gilbert fitz Richard de Clare, earl of Tonbridge and Clare and lord of Ceredigion, the Marcher lordship of Cardigan. Strongbow's mother was Isabel (Elizabeth) de Beaumont, sister to Robert earl of Leicester and Waleran count of Meulan. Isabel had been the youngest mistress of King Henry I, and their liaison resulted in a natural daughter, Isabel (Elizabeth), born c.1129/30. When Isabel de Beaumont married Gilbert in 1130, she took this daughter with her. Strongbow was born before the end of 1130; thus he was raised with the natural half-sister of the Empress Matilda. There has been debate about the name "Strongbow" ascribed to both Richard and his father Gilbert. In a charter in The Chronicle of Melrose issued by Richard's grandson, Richard Marshal, both Richard and Gilbert de Clare are named as "Strongbow". The men of Netherwent (Gwent) were known for their skill and use of an unusually long and strong bow; both Gilbert and Richard held the lordship of Netherwent. Since Gilbert de Clare's seal shows him holding a long arrow in his right hand, historians assume that the ability and skill to use this type of bow earned both Richard and his father Gilbert their nicknames. Right: a view of the Garrison Tower at Usk Castle Strongbow's father, grandfather, uncles and great-uncles were men favored by both King Henry I and King Stephen. On the death of Roger de Clare without legal heirs in 1130, King Henry I granted Gilbert de Clare his lands of Orbec and Bienfaite in Normandy. With the death of King Henry I in 1135, Strongbow's father, Gilbert, supported Stephen as king, and was an active military commander for Stephen during the "anarchy". When Gilbert's uncle Walter de Clare died in 1138, King Stephen granted Gilbert the lordship of Netherwent, including the castles of Chepstow and Usk. Stephen also granted Gilbert the comital title and lands of the earldom of Pembroke the same year. Gilbert and Strongbow supported King Stephen against Matilda until c.1146. In 1146 King Stephen held Gilbert fitz Richard de Clare, earl of Hertford, as a hostage for the "good behavior" of his uncle Ranulf, earl of Chester. (This Gilbert was also the nephew of Gilbert, earl of Pembroke.) When Ranulf changed sides and began to support the Empress Matilda, King Stephen forced Earl Gilbert of Hertford to surrender his castles and lands. This action immediately drove Gilbert to support Matilda, along with his uncle Earl Ranulf. Stephen, in anticipation of Earl Gilbert of Pembroke following his nephew, took the earl's lands and castles. This enraged the earl of Pembroke so that he also changed sides, following his nephew to the side of Empress Matilda and taking his sixteen-year old son, Richard, with him. Below: an artist's conception of how Chepstow Castle may have appeared at this time. Gilbert earl of Pembroke died circa 1148, and at the age of eighteen, Strongbow inherited all of his father's lands, including Orbec and Bienfaite in Normandy, the lordship of Striguil and the earldom of Pembroke. Strongbow first appears in official records as "comes de Penbroc" in the Treaty of Westminster, November 1, 1153, but this is the last occasion in any royal document that Strongbow signs as earl of Pembroke. From this point in extant records, Strongbow signs his name as "comes de Striguil" or "comes Richardus". The records indicate that King Henry II refused to recognize Richard's right to the title and lands of Pembroke. The title of earl and the earldom of Pembroke did not come back into Richard's family until after the marriage of his sole heir, Isabel de Clare, to William Marshal in 1189. It was King John who "belted" William Marshal in 1199 creating him earl of Pembroke. Historians have proposed different answers to the question of why King Henry II refus ed to recognize Richard's right to the title and lands of Pembroke. Some have believed that Henry did not trust Richard de Clare, or blamed him for holding too long to the cause of King Stephen. Some historians have stated that Henry II was determined to not recognize any claim to land based on tenure granted during the anarchy. The answer to this question may never be discovered, but the results of Henry's actions definitely contributed to Strongbow's reasons for accepting the offer of Dermot MacMurchada, king of Leinster. With King Henry denying Strongbow the title and lands of the earldom of Pembroke, and Strongbow finding himself in debt to Aaron the Jew of Lincoln, Dermot's proposal was a chance to reclaim fortune and glory. Right: Tomb effigy at St. Davids said to be Rhys ap Gruffydd Dermot MacMurchada, king of Leinster, had been deposed in Ireland, and he went to Henry II in 1168 to seek aid in reclaiming his kingdom. According to Gerald of Wales, Henry II issued a writ telling the men who held of him in any of his lands that they were free to aid Dermot in his quest. Dermot proceeded to Bristol to seek men, and he found them. Dermot offered Strongbow his daughter Eve (Aoife) in marriage as well as the kingdom of Leinster on Dermot's death, if Strongbow helped Dermot regain his kingdom. [For a complete discussion of the legality of this offer by Dermot, please see M. T. Flanagan's Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers and Angevin Kingship included in the bibliography.] The Anglo-Normans who participated in the invasion of Ireland with Strongbow were an inter-connected group of men. These men were bound together by family, land and fealty; many tied to Wales by family and fiefs. They were men used to war and trained to take and defend frontier lands. Many had fought for King Henry in the Welsh wars of 1164/65 and lost their lands and/or their office as a result of Rhys ap Gruffydd's successes. Maurice and William fitz Gerald, Meiler fitz Henry, Robert fitz Step hen and Raymond le Gros were all related through Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr of Deheubarth. Hervey de Montmorency and Robert de Quinci were tied by blood and/or land to the de Clares. The first contingent arrived in Ireland in May 1169; and with Dermot, who met them at Bannow, they took the city of Wexford. In May 1170 Raymond le Gros arrived, followed by Strongbow in August. Strongbow had collected men from Striguil, Gowerland and Haverfordwest, and he arrived at Waterford with 200 men-at-arms, and about one thousand archers. They met Dermot and the other Anglo-Normans and took Waterford on St Bartholomew's Eve (August 28, 1170). Strongbow and Eve were married in the Cathedral of Waterford, and after the marriage, the army immediately moved toward Dublin arriving September 21, 1170. They came with over 3000 Anglo-Normans and some 1000 Irish troops. While the city leaders were negotiating with Dermot and Strongbow through archbishop Lawrence O' Toole, Roderick (Rory) O'Connor withdrew his army and left the field. A small group of the besiegers broke the truce and took the city, causing Asgall Mac Torquil to take to his ships and flee to the Scottish Isles. After the capture of Dublin, King Henry II, perhaps seeing the possibility of palatine lordships in Ireland, issued a writ. This writ ordered that no ships from any of the lands subject to Henry II could carry men or supplies to Ireland and that all of "his" men who had gone to Ireland must return by Easter (March 28,1171) or risk forfeiture of their lands. Dermot MacMurchada had died at Ferns in May 1171, and Strongbow had assumed the kingship of Leinster in right of his wife. Perhaps in reaction to Strongbow's action and the forays of Anglo-Normans into other Irish kingdoms, Roderick O' Connor, Domnall Mor O Brien of Munster and Magnus MacDunleavy gathered an army and besieged the city of Dublin. Strongbow, de Cogan and their men were trapped inside the city. When O' Connor would not accept Strongbow's offe r to hold Leinster and all of his conquered lands in Ireland of O' Connor as high king, Strongbow sent 600 of his men out from Dublin to attack O' Connor's camp at Castleknock. The success of this strategy confused and routed the entire Irish army and freed Dublin. Strongbow then turned to the problem of Henry and his writ and sent his uncle Hervey to King Henry II. Hervey returned and urged his nephew to go in person. Strongbow crossed over to England and met King Henry at Newnham in Gloucestershire (or at Pembroke as Henry was preparing to depart for Ireland according to Robert of Torigny). Strongbow and Henry settled their differences, with Strongbow giving up Dublin and all its adjacent lands, the maritime towns and castles to Henry. The rest of the lands that Strongbow held by conquest and marriage he gave to Henry and received them back as lands-in-chief of the king and his heirs. Henry II also acknowledged Strongbow's comital status, though not his right to Pembroke, and from this point Strongbow signed his name as 'comes Richardus' or 'comes de Strigoil'. On October 18, 1171, Henry arrived in Waterford with 400 ships, 500 knights, 4000 men-at-arms and several thousand archers. With Henry were his own familiares and men of his household, including William fitz Audelin, Hugh de Lacy, Robert fitz Bernard, Philip de Braose, and Bertrum de Verdun. Henry placed Waterford in the custody of Robert fitz Bernard, and then he proceeded to Dublin taking the fealty and oaths of the kings of Cork, Limerick, and Ossory on his way. Henry spent Christmas at Dublin, organized the synod at Cashel for the ecclesiastical reform demanded by the Pope, and left on February 2, 1172 to return to Wexford. Between March 26 and April 16, 1172, Henry II moved to protect the royal interests in Ireland and limit Strongbow's power. He placed the city and land of Dublin in the custody of Hugh de Lacy and created Hugh lord of Meath. He gave the custody of Waterford and Wexford to Robert f
  
  ===
  Richard was known as "Strongbow", a fam ===
  
  Richard was known as "Strongbow", a famous personage in Ireland in his
  time.
  
  Strongbow
  bjsorrels1added this on 18 Jun 2009 on ancestry.com website.
  momkat91originally submitted this to Shields - Plant Family Tree on 19
  Apr 2009
  
  DERMOT AND STRONGBOW, AND THE INVASION OF IRELAND
  
  Dermot MacMurrough was the King of Leinster during the twelfth century
  and is most remembered as the man who invited the English into
  Ireland.
  
  He was born circa 1100 and succeeded to the throne of his father,
  Enna, in 1126. He was a ruthless leader and demonstrated the ferocity
  of the times by killing or blinding 17 rivals in 1141. He became
  involved in a dispute with the King of Breffney, Tiernan O'Ruark,
  whose wife he kidnapped in 1153. O'Ruark formed an alliance with Rory
  O'Connor who was the recognised High King of Ireland at the time. In
  1166 this long-running and bitter feud resulted in MacMurrough being
  driven into exile by the Gaelic Chieftains. He fled to France.
  
  Dermot MacMurrough was a deeply ambitious man who refused to accept
  his exile. He made his way to the Court of Henry II of England and
  offered to become a vassal to the King in return for military aid in
  retaking his kingdom. The king did not directly provide assistance but
  allowed MacMurrough to petition the Anglo-Norman lords. It was at this
  time that the Earl of Pembroke, Richard de Clare, later known as
  'Strongbow', agreed to lead an army to Ireland. MacMurrough brought an
  advance party of adventurers back to Ireland in 1167, recaptured
  Wexford, and waited for Strongbow to arrive.
  
  From his base in Wales Strongbow launched an offensive in 1170,
  capturing Waterford and Dublin, taking control of the East coast, much
  to the dismay of the Gaelic Chieftains and O'Connor. To cement the
  alliance, MacMurrough married his daughter Aoife to Strongbow, in
  Christchurch Cathedral in Dublin 1170.
  
  The Irish Chieftains did not allow the invaders to settle however and
  they were continually attacked and harassed. At one stage it seemed
  likely that they would be driven from the country if it were not for
  the support given by Henry II, who had become concerned with the
  amount of power and influence that Strongbow was amassing across the
  Irish sea. It is speculated that Henry II feared that Ireland might be
  used as a base by the Saxons to launch an offensive back into England
  in the wake of their defeat at Hastings in 1066. The subsequent
  domination of South Wales by the Normans was a result of the need to
  keep supply lines into Eastern Ireland open.
  
  Dermot MacMurrough died in 1170 leaving Strongbow to declare himself
  King of Leinster. His later support for Henry II in France led to his
  being named Governor of Ireland. He died in 1176 suffering an
  infection during a raid by Irish rebels.
  
  Much of Ireland was still under local influence and it only was the
  East coast, known as 'the Pale', that remained in Norman control.
  Henry granted these lands to his son 'Jean Sans-terre' (or John
  Lackland) in 1185 creating the 'Lordship of Ireland'. It seemed likely
  that Ireland would remain a minor Kingdom except that fate intervened.
  The death of his elder brothers allowed Jean Sans-terre to succeed to
  the English throne, becoming King John of England and the Pale
  becoming part of English dominated territories.
  
  Demot MacMurrough has for centuries been blamed as the man who caused,
  or at least facilitated the invasion and subsequent subjugation of
  Ireland by outsiders. Recent revision of this history however, have
  been less critical of his actions.
  
  It is likely that the island would have eventually been dominated by
  its larger neighbour even without Dermot MacMurroughs prompting. The
  unwillingness of the Gaelic Chiefs to form a Kingship with defined
  rights of succession certainly made invasion and domination easier. It
  was also not uncommon of the times for Gaelic Chiefs to seek help from
  foreigners in combatting their local enemies.
  
  Despite this more generous interpretation of his actions, it will
  always be Dermot MacMurroughs lust for power, bringing the English
  into Ireland, for which he will be most remembered.
  
  Fighting in Irish Kingdoms
  kbusic420 added this on 26 Sep 2009 on ancestry.com website.
  hargrode1originally submitted this to Luttrell on 16 Dec 2007
  
  In 1169 Dermon McMurrough, King of Leinster, was driven from his
  kingdom by the ruler of Connacht. As McMurrough had traded across the
  Irish Sea with the Welsh and the English, he was well aware of how the
  Norman warriors had conquered Britain. McMurrough went to HenryII
  (grandson of William The Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and King of
  Anglo-Norman England) to ask for his help in getting his kingdom back.
  Though Henry was preoccupied with other concerns, he invited others
  to support McMurrough: "Know you that we have taken Dermot, Prince of
  Leinster, into the bosom of our grace and goodwill. Whosoever shall
  be willing to lend him aid in the recovery of his lands, let him know
  that he has our favour and permission," wrote Henry.
  
  McMurough promised the Normans wealth, land and power if they came to
  Ireland to help him. To Richard Fitzgilbert de Clare, the powerful
  Welsh Norman Earl of Pembroke, he offered his daughter, Aoife as a
  bride and agreed that he should inherit his kingdom of Leinster. The
  deal was agreed. De Clare invaded Ireland with well-armed knights,
  archers and foot-soldiers. They defeated the stone throwing, lightly
  clad Irishmen, whose battle axes and swords were only good for close
  quarters. Dermon McMurrough died within a year. De Clare inherited
  Leinster. Henry II fearing fearing that de Clare might set up an
  independent Irish Norman kingdom arrived in Ireland in 1171. His
  force didn't have to fight because de Clare and most of the Irish
  rulers swore allegiance to Henry. De Clare was allowed to retain
  Leinster.
  
  === 1. Richard de Clare, surnamed Strongbow ===
  1. Richard de Clare, surnamed Strongbow, so celebrated for his conquest of Ireland. He was the 2nd Earl of Clare and the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, a statesman of renown. He "died untimely upon the nones of April, anno 1176." He was buried in the Cathedral Church of Dublin, where his effigy and that of his wife may be seen. He married Eva McMurrough of Leinster, daughter of Dermont McMurrough, King of Leinster, Ireland. Dermont McMurrough sought the aid of Richard de Clare against Roderick, King of Connaught, and in 1270 gave him his daughter Eva in Marriage. She, who died in 1177, was descended from King Oilliol, who died in 526. See elsewhere for this ancestral lineage in Volume I. Strongbow drove Roderick out of Waterford and Dublin, whereupon King Henry II. through jealousy deprived him of all his titles and he kept only Kildare, but was later reinstated in Leinster. He was later made Justice of Ireland, which he had helped to conquer. They had a daughter as follows:
  
  === !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain Ame ===
  !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700, by Frederick Lewis Weis, 7th Ed, With Additions and Corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., (1992) 66-26.
  
  === From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, art ===
  From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, article titled "Pembroke,Richard FitzGilbert, 2nd Earl of:" "byname RICHARD STRONGBOW, also called RICHARD DE CLARE, Anglo-Normanlord whose invasion of Ireland in 1170 initiated the opening phase ofthe English conquest. "The son of Gilbert FitzGilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke, he succeeded tohis father's estates in southern Wales in 1148/49. Pembroke hadevidently lost these lands by 1168; it was probably in that year thathe agreed to aid Dermot MacMurrough, king of Leinster, who had beenexpelled from his kingdom by Roderic (Rory O'Connor), high king ofIreland. King Henry II of England (reigned 1154-89) granted Pembrokepermission to invade Ireland, and on Aug. 23, 1170, the earl landednear Waterford. Waterford and Dublin quickly fell to the Normans. After the death ofMacMurrough in May 1171, Pembroke was besieged in Dublin by Roderic,but in September his forces broke out and routed Roderic's army. Inorder to prevent Pembroke from setting himself up as an independentruler, Henry II had him acknowledge royal authority over his conquestsin Leinster. Pembroke helped the king suppress a rebellion in Normandyin 1173-74, and in return Henry granted him custody of Wexford,Waterford, and Dublin. By the time Pembroke died, all Ireland had beencommitted to his care, but within Ireland his supremacy was recognized only in Leinster. "His son Gilbert de Striguil (or Strigoil) died unmarried, certainlybefore 1189, and as a minor was never styled earl. The earldom passedwith Richard's daughter Isabel (d. 1220) to her husband WilliamMarshal, the 1st Earl of Pembroke in the Marshal line."
  
  === He ws the 2ND EARL OF PEMBROKE, EARL OF ===
  He ws the 2ND EARL OF PEMBROKE, EARL OF STRIGUIL, JUSTICIAR OF IRELAND RICHARD HAD THE CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL IN DUBLIN REBUILT IN STONEAFTER 1169 FOR THE LAURENCE O'TOOLE, ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN. THERE IS AMEMORIAL IN THE CATHEDRAL NAVE FOR RICHARD SOURCE--ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF CERTAIN AMERICAN COLONISTS WHO CAME TOAMERICA BEFORE 1700, SEVENTH EDITION, COPYRIGHT 1995, PAGE 69
  
  === !Richard De clare, "Stronbow," b. ca. 11 ===
  !Richard De clare, "Stronbow," b. ca. 1130, d. ca. 20 Apr. 1176, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland; m. at Waterford, Ireland ca. 26 Aug. 1171, Aoife (or Eve), living 1186, dau. of Dairmait Macmurchada (Also called Dermot MacMurrough), King of Leinster in Ireland. "Haec jacet Ricarduo Strongbow, filius Gilberti, Comitis de Pembroke." GS in the chapter house, Gloucester Cathedral. Ref: (CP I 22; IV 670 chart III; V 736; IX 590; X 352-357).
  
  === Dermot MacMurchada, king of Leinster,off ===
  Dermot MacMurchada, king of Leinster,offered Strongbow his daughter Eve (Aoife) in marriage as well as the kingdom of Leinster on Dermot's death, if Strongbow helped Dermot regain his kingdom.Strongbow and Eve were married in the Cathedral of Waterford, and after the marriage, the army immediately moved toward Dublin arriving September 21, 1170. They came with over 3000 Anglo-Normans and some 1000 Irish troops.
  He founded the preceptory of Knights Hospitallers at Kilmainham outside of Dublin, and helping to build the choir of the cathedral at Dublin with the two chapels of St. Edmond and St. Mary Alba and St. Laud. He gave charters and lands to St. Mary's in Dublin and to Dunbrody and founded the priory of Benedictine nuns at Usk.
  Strongbow as a tall man with red hair, freckles, grey eyes and a soft (weak) voice.
  "In war Strongbow was more of a leader than a soldier. . . . When he took-up his position in the midst of battle, he stood firm as an immovable standard around which his men could re-group and take refuge. In war he remained steadfast and reliable in good fortune and bad alike. . . ."
  
  There are no known extant records of the personal lives of Strongbow and Eve. We know that this young red-haired son of Gilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke survived the years of being deprived of his rightful inheritance. He took the gamble that Dermot MacMurchada offered. By his skills as a warrior/knight and wise lord, he conquered and re-constituted his inherited lordship of Leinster, married the golden-haired Eve, and re-gained the respect and affection of his lord and king, Henry II. Two interesting questions arise for which there is no known extant contemporary records. Did Strongbow perhaps meet the man who would be his daughter's husband in the 1173 rebellion of the young King Henry? Would Strongbow have approved of the knight William Marshal who married his daughter Isabel and not only regained all the land, castles and titles that Strongbow should have inherited, but added greatly to them, and cared for them all as a true knight and lord should do?
  
  BIOGRAPHY: King Henry II became alarmed at the success of his knights and fearing their growing strength and possible motives, he ordered all his knights in Ireland to return to England on pain of forfeiture of their lands in England, Wales and Normandy. Strongbow met Henry at Newnham in Gloucester in July 1171. At this meeting Strongbow gave Henry, Dublin and its adjacent lands, the maritime towns and the castles, and his own lordship of Leinster. Henry kept Dublin, Waterford, Wexford, and the castles, and granted back to Strongbow the other lands, including the lordship of Leinster, as lands he now held by right of King Henry. In effect, this meant that King Henry took from Strongbow most of the lands that Strongbow himself had either conquered or gained by his marriage and granted them back to Strongbow as lands held by the grace of the king. Henry II was determined that he would not have a repeat of the palatine lordships of Wales in Ireland, nor strong mini-kingdoms on his own left flank. Henry's expedition to Ireland in 1171/72 was to enforce his own rule on the Anglo-Normans who had invaded Ireland, and gain recognition from both Anglo-Normans and Irish that he was King and overlord of the already conquered lands and the lands to be conquered. He achieved his purpose, but he was not totally reassured until the April 1173 rebellion of his sons in Normandy.
  
  BIOGRAPHY: When this rebellion began Henry called his leading knights and barons from Ireland to assist him in putting down this revolt in Normandy. Strongbow came with most of the leading barons in Ireland. He proved his military skills and his fealty at Gisors, Breteuil, and Verneuil. Henry recognized Strongbow's loyalty and actions by granting him the governing of Ireland, the city of Wexford, the castle of Wicklow, and the constableship of Waterford and Dublin. Henry ordered Strongbow back to Ireland to control it as the king's representative and to send back to Normandy more knights from Ireland and Wales.
  
  BIOGRAPHY: Strongbow returned to Ireland and did his best to control the rebellion that had arisen while the major knights were in Normandy. He served the king's interest and his own in Ireland, and he did well in trying to control and modify the constant warring factions. He was in England for the Treaty of Windsor in 1175 between King Henry II and Rory O'Connor, high king of Ireland. There is very little contemporary record of Strongbow's last year or two in Ireland.
  === Life Sketch ===
  Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (1130 – 20 April 1176), also known as Richard FitzGilbert, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard fitz Gilbert has since become commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (Norman French: Arc-Fort), which may be a mistranscription or mistranslation of "Striguil."
  His son Gilbert de Striguil (or de Strigoil) died unmarried before 1189 and the earldom passed via Richard's daughter Isabel to her spouse William Marshall.
  ...
  Richard was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Beaumont. Richard's father died in about 1148, when he was roughly 18 years old, and Richard inherited the title 'count of Strigoil' Earl of Pembroke. It is probable that this title was not recognized at Henry II's coronation in 1154. As the son of the first 'earl', he succeeded to his father's estates in 1148, but was deprived of the title by King Henry II of England in 1154 for siding with King Stephen of England against Henry's mother, the Empress Matilda. Richard was in fact, called by his contemporaries Count Striguil, for his marcher lordship of Striguil where he had a fortress at a place now called Chepstow, in Monmouthshire on the River Wye. He saw an opportunity to reverse his bad fortune in 1168 when he met Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster.
  ...
  By an unknown mistress, Richard de Clare fathered two daughters:
  1. Aline de Clare, who married William FitzMaurice FitzGerald, baron of Naas
  2. Basilia de Clare, who married Robert de Quincy, Constable of Leinster
  
  On about 26 August 1171 in Reginald's Tower, Waterford, Richard de Clare married MacMurrough's daughter, Aoife MacMurrough (anglicised as "Eva"). Their children were:
  1. Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, a minor who died in 1185
  2. Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, who became Countess of Pembroke in her own right in 1185 (on the death of her brother) until her own death in 1220. King Henry II had promised Sir William Marshal that he would be given Isabel as his bride, and his son Richard I upheld the promise one month after his ascension to the throne. The earldom was given to her husband as her consort. Marshall was the son of John the Marshal, by Sibylle, the sister of Patrick, Earl of Salisbury.
  
  Richard de Clare died in June 1176 of some type of infection in his leg or foot. He was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Dublin with his uncle-in-law, Lawrence, Archbishop of Dublin, presiding. King Henry II took all of Strongbow's lands and castles for himself and placed a royal official in charge of them. He protected the inheritance of Isabel. Eva was given her dower rights and possibly held Striguil [Chepstow] as part of those dower rights until the Welsh rebellion of 1184/85. There is a record of Eva confirming a charter in Ireland in 1188/89 as "comtissa de Hibernia".
  
  Legacy
  Richard de Clare was first interred in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral where an alleged effigy can be viewed.[24] Richard de Clare's actual tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The one on display dates from around the 15th century, bears the coat of arms of an unknown knight, and is the effigy of another local knight. Richard de Clare was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin within sight of the cross according to an eyewitness, Giraldus Cambrensis. There is little evidence to support the tradition that he was buried either in St Edan's Cathedral, Ferns, Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford or Dominican priory, Kilkenny. References to 'de Clare' being buried in Gloucester cathedral refer to his father, while those to 'Strongbow' in Tintern abbey refer probably to Walter or Anselm Marshall, both of whom died in 1245.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke
  .................................................................................
  
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “RICHARD FITZ GILBERT (nicknamed Strongbow), 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, of Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Hinxworth, Hertfordshire, etc., seigneur of Bienfaite and Orbec (both in Normandy), Justiciar of Ireland, son and heir, born about 1130. On the accession of King Henry II in 1154, he refused to acknowledged Richard as earl and took the lordship of Pembroke into his own hands. In Autumn 1167 he came to an agreement with Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster; for the earl's assistance with an army, he could have Eve, Dermot's eldest daughter in marriage and the succession to Leinster. An army was assembled led by Raymond Fitz Gerald (also known as Raymond le Gros) that included Welsh archers; it captured the towns of Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin in 1169-70. Richard married at Waterford, Ireland about 26 August 1170 EVE OF LEINSTER daughter of Dermot MacMurrough (also called Diarmait MacMurchada), King of Leinster, by Mor, daughter of Muirchertach Ua Tuathail From 1172 onwards, he was styled Earl of Striguil. They had one son, Gilbert [Earl of Pembroke], and one daughter, Isabel. In 1173 he played a critical role in Normandy in defending the castle of Gisors and recapturing Verneuil for the king. RICHARD FITZ GILBERT, 2nd Earl of Pembroke died about 20 April 1176, and was buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity [Christ Church], Dublin. His widow, Eve, was living in 1187. Sometime in the period, 1185-94, his widow, Eve, as "heres Regis Deremicii,"confirmed to John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, and his successors all of her earlier gifts. At her death, she was buried in Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire.
  
  === 2nd Earl of Pembroke 1150, Justiciar of ===
  2nd Earl of Pembroke 1150, Justiciar of Ireland. called the Strongbow Called "Strongbow," second Earl of Pembroke
  
  === Name Richard Strongbow Fitzgilbert /CLAR ===
  Name Richard Strongbow Fitzgilbert /CLARE, 2nd Earl of Pembroke,King of/
  
  === Reference 2 ===
  
  Richard was known as "Strongbow", a famous personage in Ireland in his
  time.
  
  Strongbow
  bjsorrels1added this on 18 Jun 2009 on ancestry.com website.
  momkat91originally submitted this to Shields - Plant Family Tree on 19
  Apr 2009
  
  DERMOT AND STRONGBOW, AND THE INVASION OF IRELAND
  
  Dermot MacMurrough was the King of Leinster during the twelfth century
  and is most remembered as the man who invited the English into
  Ireland.
  
  He was born circa 1100 and succeeded to the throne of his father,
  Enna, in 1126. He was a ruthless leader and demonstrated the ferocity
  of the times by killing or blinding 17 rivals in 1141. He became
  involved in a dispute with the King of Breffney, Tiernan O'Ruark,
  whose wife he kidnapped in 1153. O'Ruark formed an alliance with Rory
  O'Connor who was the recognised High King of Ireland at the time. In
  1166 this long-running and bitter feud resulted in MacMurrough being
  driven into exile by the Gaelic Chieftains. He fled to France.
  
  Dermot MacMurrough was a deeply ambitious man who refused to accept
  his exile. He made his way to the Court of Henry II of England and
  offered to become a vassal to the King in return for military aid in
  retaking his kingdom. The king did not directly provide assistance but
  allowed MacMurrough to petition the Anglo-Norman lords. It was at this
  time that the Earl of Pembroke, Richard de Clare, later known as
  'Strongbow', agreed to lead an army to Ireland. MacMurrough brought an
  advance party of adventurers back to Ireland in 1167, recaptured
  Wexford, and waited for Strongbow to arrive.
  
  From his base in Wales Strongbow launched an offensive in 1170,
  capturing Waterford and Dublin, taking control of the East coast, much
  to the dismay of the Gaelic Chieftains and O'Connor. To cement the
  alliance, MacMurrough married his daughter Aoife to Strongbow, in
  Christchurch Cathedral in Dublin 1170.
  
  The Irish Chieftains did not allow the invaders to settle however and
  they were continually attacked and harassed. At one stage it seemed
  likely that they would be driven from the country if it were not for
  the support given by Henry II, who had become concerned with the
  amount of power and influence that Strongbow was amassing across the
  Irish sea. It is speculated that Henry II feared that Ireland might be
  used as a base by the Saxons to launch an offensive back into England
  in the wake of their defeat at Hastings in 1066. The subsequent
  domination of South Wales by the Normans was a result of the need to
  keep supply lines into Eastern Ireland open.
  
  Dermot MacMurrough died in 1170 leaving Strongbow to declare himself
  King of Leinster. His later support for Henry II in France led to his
  being named Governor of Ireland. He died in 1176 suffering an
  infection during a raid by Irish rebels.
  
  Much of Ireland was still under local influence and it only was the
  East coast, known as 'the Pale', that remained in Norman control.
  Henry granted these lands to his son 'Jean Sans-terre' (or John
  Lackland) in 1185 creating the 'Lordship of Ireland'. It seemed likely
  that Ireland would remain a minor Kingdom except that fate intervened.
  The death of his elder brothers allowed Jean Sans-terre to succeed to
  the English throne, becoming King John of England and the Pale
  becoming part of English dominated territories.
  
  Demot MacMurrough has for centuries been blamed as the man who caused,
  or at least facilitated the invasion and subsequent subjugation of
  Ireland by outsiders. Recent revision of this history however, have
  been less critical of his actions.
  
  It is likely that the island would have eventually been dominated by
  its larger neighbour even without Dermot MacMurroughs prompting. The
  unwillingness of the Gaelic Chiefs to form a Kingship with defined
  rights of succession certainly made invasion and domination easier. It
  was also not uncommon of the times for Gaelic Chiefs to seek help from
  foreigners in combatting their local enemies.
  
  Despite this more generous interpretation of his actions, it will
  always be Dermot MacMurroughs lust for power, bringing the English
  into Ireland, for which he will be most remembered.
  
  Fighting in Irish Kingdoms
  kbusic420 added this on 26 Sep 2009 on ancestry.com website.
  hargrode1originally submitted this to Luttrell on 16 Dec 2007
  
  In 1169 Dermon McMurrough, King of Leinster, was driven from his
  kingdom by the ruler of Connacht. As McMurrough had traded across the
  Irish Sea with the Welsh and the English, he was well aware of how the
  Norman warriors had conquered Britain. McMurrough went to HenryII
  (grandson of William The Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and King of
  Anglo-Norman England) to ask for his help in getting his kingdom back.
  Though Henry was preoccupied with other concerns, he invited others
  to support McMurrough: "Know you that we have taken Dermot, Prince of
  Leinster, into the bosom of our grace and goodwill. Whosoever shall
  be willing to lend him aid in the recovery of his lands, let him know
  that he has our favour and permission," wrote Henry.
  
  McMurough promised the Normans wealth, land and power if they came to
  Ireland to help him. To Richard Fitzgilbert de Clare, the powerful
  Welsh Norman Earl of Pembroke, he offered his daughter, Aoife as a
  bride and agreed that he should inherit his kingdom of Leinster. The
  deal was agreed. De Clare invaded Ireland with well-armed knights,
  archers and foot-soldiers. They defeated the stone throwing, lightly
  clad Irishmen, whose battle axes and swords were only good for close
  quarters. Dermon McMurrough died within a year. De Clare inherited
  Leinster. Henry II fearing fearing that de Clare might set up an
  independent Irish Norman kingdom arrived in Ireland in 1171. His
  force didn't have to fight because de Clare and most of the Irish
  rulers swore allegiance to Henry. De Clare was allowed to retain
  Leinster.
  
  === Buried in Christ Church Catheral, Dublin ===
  Buried in Christ Church Catheral, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
  
  === Description of Richard de Clare "Strongbow" by Gerald of Wales. ===
  Gerald of Wales states:
  "In war Strongbow was more of a leader than a soldier. . . . When he took-up his position in the midst of battle, he stood firm as an immovable standard around which his men could re-group and take refuge. In war he remained steadfast and reliable in good fortune and bad alike. . . ."
  
  Gerald also describes Strongbow as a tall man with red hair, freckles, grey eyes and a soft voice.
  
  Sources: Wikipedia, rootsweb.com, castlewales.com Genealogy.com
  genealogieonline.nl empowell.blogspot.com gw.geneanet.org www.boydhouse.com
  
  === Royal Ancestry Biography ===
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “RICHARD FITZ GILBERT (nicknamed Strongbow), 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, of Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Hinxworth, Hertfordshire, etc., seigneur of Bienfaite and Orbec (both in Normandy), Justiciar of Ireland, son and heir, born about 1130. On the accession of King Henry II in 1154, he refused to acknowledged Richard as earl and took the lordship of Pembroke into his own hands. In Autumn 1167 he came to an agreement with Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster; for the earl's assistance with an army, he could have Eve, Dermot's eldest daughter in marriage and the succession to Leinster. An army was assembled led by Raymond Fitz Gerald (also known as Raymond le Gros) that included Welsh archers; it captured the towns of Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin in 1169-70. Richard married at Waterford, Ireland about 26 August 1170 EVE OF LEINSTER daughter of Dermot MacMurrough (also called Diarmait MacMurchada), King of Leinster, by Mor, daughter of Muirchertach Ua Tuathail From 1172 onwards, he was styled Earl of Striguil. They had one son, Gilbert [Earl of Pembroke], and one daughter, Isabel. In 1173 he played a critical role in Normandy in defending the castle of Gisors and recapturing Verneuil for the king. RICHARD FITZ GILBERT, 2nd Earl of Pembroke died about 20 April 1176, and was buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity [Christ Church], Dublin. His widow, Eve, was living in 1187. Sometime in the period, 1185-94, his widow, Eve, as "heres Regis Deremicii,"confirmed to John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, and his successors all of her earlier gifts. At her death, she was buried in Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire.
  Lipscomb Hist. & Antiqs. of Buckingham 1 (1847): 200-201 (Clare ped.). Jour. British Arch. Assoc. 10 (1855): 261-263 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to the monks of Usk; charter witnessed by Countess Isabel and Isabel her daughter, Ralph Bloet, and Walter Bloet). Eyton Court, Household, & Itinerary of King Henry 11 (1878): 16, 109, 118, 165-166, 172, 176, 196, 202. Gilbert Acct. of Facsimiles of National MSS of Ireland (1879): 72 (charter of Richard Fitz Gislebert dated c.1172). Gilbert Chartularies of St. Mary’s Abbey, Dublin 1 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 78-79 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to St. Mary's Abbey; charter witnessed by Hervé de Montmorency and Walter Bluet), 79-81, 83-84 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Earl Gilbert to St. Mary's Abbey; charter witnessed by Walter Bluet and Richard Bluet); 2 (Rolls Ser. 80) (1884): 12, 274 (Annals sub A.D. 1177: "Comes Ricardus circa kal. julii apud Dubliniam obiit, et in ecclesia Sancte Trinitatis."), 304 (Annals of Ireland sub A.D. 1177: "Comes Ricardus, circa kalendas Maii, apud Dubliniam obiit; in ecclesia Sancte Trinitatis Dublinie sepelitur."). Owen Desc. of Penbrokshire (Cymmrodorion Rec. Ser. 1) (1892): 16-25. Arch. Jour. 2nd Ser. 6 (1899): 221-231. C.Ch.R. 2 (1906): 361 (undated charter of Earl Richard son of Gilbert to Goldcliff Priory; charter witnessed by Isabel the earl's mother and Isabel his sister); 3 (1908): 96-97 (undated charter of Richard, Earl of Pembroke to Tintern Abbey, charter granted with the consent of his mother, Countess Isabel, and names his father, Earl Gilbert). VCH Hertford 3 (1912): 232-240. C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-104 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke). Sanders English Baronies (1960): 110-111. TG 1 (1980): 4-27. Coat of Arms n.s. 10(1994): 322-328. Fryde & Greenway Handbook of British Chronology (1996): 161, 477. Tyerman Who's Who in Early Medieval England 1066-1272 (2001): 206-208 (biog. of Richard of Clare). Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 733-737 (biog. of Richard Fitz Gilbert).
  Children of Richard Fitz Gilbert, by unknown wife or mistress,
  i. ___ DE CLARE, married ROBERT DE QUINCY, Constable of Leinster [see PRENDERGAST 5],
  ii. ALINE DE CLARE, married in 1174 WILLIAM FITZ MAURICE, Baron of Naas, co. Kildare. They had one son, William Fitz Maurice [Baron of Naas]. WILLIAM FITZ MAURICE died before c.September 1199. Jour. Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 5th Ser. 2 (1892): 194 ("William, the son of Maurice, is stated in the table to have married `Ala, daughter of Strongbow'; but the 'Conquest of Ireland' (Cal. Car. MSS., 296) has it - 'Also the Erie yawe Ellyn his sustir to Wyllam Moryces yldist sone."), chart facing pg. 358. Wright Hist. Works of Giraldus Cambrensis (1905): 183 (ped.), 259 (sub Conquest of Ireland: "Raymond also, to consolidate the union among the English, induced the earl to give his daughter Alina in marriage to William, the eldest son of Maurice Fitzgerald."). English Hist. Rev. 31 (1916): 489 ("William, son of Maurice, who according to Giraldus, married in 1174 Alina, daughter of Strongbow, seems to have died before 1199, when 'William de Naas' fined for an inquisition of mort d'ancestor against the abbot of Baltinglass. This was his son and successor, the third baron, who married Mahaut de Pont de l'Arche and died in 1227, when he was succeeded by his son David, the fourth baron."). Orpen Ireland under the Normans 4 (1920): 307-308 ("Addenda et Corrigenda to Volume I and II - Vol. p. 18; vol. ii, pp. 165, 246. William, son of William, Baron of Naas': - It was William, third Baron of Naas, son of William, the second baron, who married Matilda of Pont de l'Arche. She was widow of Philip de Braose. Close Roll, 11 Hen. III, pg. 199. This William Fitz William has been hitherto omitted in the received pedigrees, but in a review of the Gormanston Register (English Hist. Review, vol. xxxi (1916), pp. 488-9) I have established his position. His father, William, son of Maurice, who married Alma, daughter of Strongbow, was dead before c. September 1199 (Rot. de Obtalis, 1 John, m. 15, p. 26). The third baron is often called simply 'William, Baron of Nass', hence the confusion, but his patronymic appears in several documents, e.g. Cal. Germanston Register, pp. 154, 200, 204; and Cal. Docs. Ireland, vol. i, p. 448. David Fitz William, fourth Baron of Naas, was his son and heir by `Mahaut de Pontearch' (Matilda de Pont de l'Arche): Cal. Gormanston Register, p. 163."). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-104 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke). Duffy Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia (2005): 733-735 (biog. of Richard Fitz Gilbert).
  Child of Aline de Clare, by William Fitz Maurice:
  a. WILLIAM FITZ WILLIAM, Baron of Naas, married MAUD PONTE DE L'ARCHE [see MARSHAL 2.v.c].
  Children of Richard Fitz Gilbert, by Eve of Leinster:
  i. GILBERT FITZ RICHARD, son and heir, born about 1173, died 1185-9 s.p., probably a minor. C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix H, 100-104 (sub Families of the First and Second Earls of Pembroke).
  ii. ISABEL DE CLARE, married WILLIAM MARSHAL, Knt., 3rd Earl of Pembroke [see MARSHAL 3]”
  
  === Name Richard, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Lord ===
  Name Richard, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland
  
  === Grace page 104 or 2 ===
  Mary, dau. of Donell Oge MacMorought, als Kavanagh, dynast or prince of Leister, descendet from the kings of Leinster: Dermond, the last of whom gave all his royal inheritance, together with his dau. Eva, in marriage to Richard (Strongbow, 2nd E. of Peambroke.
  
  === Dermot MacMurchada, king of Leinster,off ===
  Dermot MacMurchada, king of Leinster,offered Strongbow his daughter Eve (Aoife) in marriage as well as the kingdom of Leinster on Dermot's death, if Strongbow helped Dermot regain his kingdom.Strongbow and Eve were married in the Cathedral of Waterford, and after the marriage, the army immediately moved toward Dublin arriving September 21, 1170. They came with over 3000 Anglo-Normans and some 1000 Irish troops.
  He founded the preceptory of Knights Hospitallers at Kilmainham outside of Dublin, and helping to build the choir of the cathedral at Dublin with the two chapels of St. Edmond and St. Mary Alba and St. Laud. He gave charters and lands to St. Mary's in Dublin and to Dunbrody and founded the priory of Benedictine nuns at Usk.
  Strongbow as a tall man with red hair, freckles, grey eyes and a soft (weak) voice.
  "In war Strongbow was more of a leader than a soldier. . . . When he took-up his position in the midst of battle, he stood firm as an immovable standard around which his men could re-group and take refuge. In war he remained steadfast and reliable in good fortune and bad alike. . . ."
  
  There are no known extant records of the personal lives of Strongbow and Eve. We know that this young red-haired son of Gilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke survived the years of being deprived of his rightful inheritance. He took the gamble that Dermot MacMurchada offered. By his skills as a warrior/knight and wise lord, he conquered and re-constituted his inherited lordship of Leinster, married the golden-haired Eve, and re-gained the respect and affection of his lord and king, Henry II. Two interesting questions arise for which there is no known extant contemporary records. Did Strongbow perhaps meet the man who would be his daughter's husband in the 1173 rebellion of the young King Henry? Would Strongbow have approved of the knight William Marshal who married his daughter Isabel and not only regained all the land, castles and titles that Strongbow should have inherited, but added greatly to them, and cared for them all as a true knight and lord should do?
  
  BIOGRAPHY: King Henry II became alarmed at the success of his knights and fearing their growing strength and possible motives, he ordered all his knights in Ireland to return to England on pain of forfeiture of their lands in England, Wales and Normandy. Strongbow met Henry at Newnham in Gloucester in July 1171. At this meeting Strongbow gave Henry, Dublin and its adjacent lands, the maritime towns and the castles, and his own lordship of Leinster. Henry kept Dublin, Waterford, Wexford, and the castles, and granted back to Strongbow the other lands, including the lordship of Leinster, as lands he now held by right of King Henry. In effect, this meant that King Henry took from Strongbow most of the lands that Strongbow himself had either conquered or gained by his marriage and granted them back to Strongbow as lands held by the grace of the king. Henry II was determined that he would not have a repeat of the palatine lordships of Wales in Ireland, nor strong mini-kingdoms on his own left flank. Henry's expedition to Ireland in 1171/72 was to enforce his own rule on the Anglo-Normans who had invaded Ireland, and gain recognition from both Anglo-Normans and Irish that he was King and overlord of the already conquered lands and the lands to be conquered. He achieved his purpose, but he was not totally reassured until the April 1173 rebellion of his sons in Normandy.
  
  BIOGRAPHY: When this rebellion began Henry called his leading knights and barons from Ireland to assist him in putting down this revolt in Normandy. Strongbow came with most of the leading barons in Ireland. He proved his military skills and his fealty at Gisors, Breteuil, and Verneuil. Henry recognized Strongbow's loyalty and actions by granting him the governing of Ireland, the city of Wexford, the castle of Wicklow, and the constableship of Waterford and Dublin. Henry ordered Strongbow back to Ireland to control it as the king's representative and to send back to Normandy more knights from Ireland and Wales.
  
  BIOGRAPHY: Strongbow returned to Ireland and did his best to control the rebellion that had arisen while the major knights were in Normandy. He served the king's interest and his own in Ireland, and he did well in trying to control and modify the constant warring factions. He was in England for the Treaty of Windsor in 1175 between King Henry II and Rory O'Connor, high king of Ireland. There is very little contemporary record of Strongbow's last year or two in Ireland.
  
  === B-57 (66-26): Richard was 2nd Earl of Pe ===
  B-57 (66-26): Richard was 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland. He was called "Strongbow".
  
  === Richard De Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, ===
  Richard De Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, was known as "Strongbow", one of the first Normans, up to then practically unknown in Ireland, to enter, officially, with the permission of King Henry II, into Ireland; At the invitation of the then King of Leicester, Dermot Mac Murrough, a group of Norman nobles entered Ireland. On or about 1170, at Waterford, Leicester, Richard De Clare married Aife, also known as Eva, daughter of Dermot Mac Nurrough. Upon Dermot's death, Richard became the leader and acknowledged head or king of Leicester
  
  === Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke ( ===
  Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (1130 – 20 April 1176) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard fitz Gilbert has since become commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (Norman French: Arc-Fort) which may be a mistranscription or mistranslation of Striguil.
  His son Gilbert de Striguil, or Strigoil, died unmarried before 1189. As a minor, he never became an earl, thus the earldom was passed with Richard's daughter Isabel to her spouse William Marshall.
  
  Richard's cognomen Strongbow has become the name he is best known by, but it is unlikely that he was called that at the time. Cognomens of other Cambro-Norman and Norman lords were exclusively Norman-French as the nobility spoke French and, with few exceptions, official documents were written in Latin during this period. The confusion seems to have arisen when Richard's name was being translated into Latin. In the Domesday Exchequer annals between 1300 and 1304 (over 120 years after his death) it was written as "Ricardus cognomento Stranghose Comes Strugulliae (Richard known as Stranghose earl of Striguil)." This chronicler erroneously has attributed Stranghose (foreign leggings) as a cognomen, where it is much more likely a variant spelling or mistranscription of Striguil, which is called Strangboge, Stranboue or Stranbohe in other transcriptions. It is in the fourteenth century that we have Richard's name finally rendered as Strongbow "Earl Richard son of Gilbert Strongbow [earl of Shropshire]."
  
  Richard was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Beaumont. Richard's father died in about 1148, when he was roughly 18 years old, and Richard inherited the title 'count of Strigoil' Earl of Pembroke. It is probable that this title was not recognized at Henry II's coronation in 1154. As the son of the first 'earl', he succeeded to his father's estates in 1148, but was deprived of the title by King Henry II of England in 1154 for siding with King Stephen of England against Henry's mother, the Empress Matilda. Richard was in fact, called by his contemporaries Count Striguil, for his marcher lordship of Striguil where he had a fortress at a place now called Chepstow, in Monmouthshire on the River Wye. He saw an opportunity to reverse his bad fortune in 1168 when he met Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster.
  
  In 1167, Diarmait Mac Murchada was deprived of the Kingdom of Leinster by the High King of Ireland – Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair. The grounds for the dispossession were that Mac Murchada had, in 1152, abducted Dervorgilla, the wife of the King of Breifne, Tiernan O'Rourke (Irish: Tighearnán Ua Ruairc). To recover his kingdom, Mac Murchada solicited help from the King of England – Henry II. The deposed king embarked for Bristol from near Bannow on 1 August 1166. He met Henry in Aquitaine in the Autumn of 1166. Henry could not help him at this time, but provided a letter of comfort for willing supporters of Mac Murchada's cause in his kingdom. However, after his return to Wales, he failed to rally any forces to his standard. He eventually met the count of Striguil (nicknamed "Strongbow") and other barons of the Welsh Marches. Mac Murchada came to an agreement with Richard de Clare: for the Earl's assistance with an army the following spring, he could have Aoife, Mac Murchada's eldest daughter in marriage and the succession to Leinster. As Henry's approval or licence to Mac Murchada was a general one, the count of Striguil thought it prudent to obtain Henry's specific consent to travel to Ireland: he waited two years to do this. The licence he got was to aid Mac Murchada in the recovery of his kingdom of Leinster.
  Mac Murchada and Richard de Clare raised a large army, which included Welsh archers and arranged for Raymond FitzGerald (also known as Raymond le Gros) to lead it. The force took the Ostman towns of Wexford, Waterford, and Dublin in rapid succession between 1169 and 1170. Richard de Clare, however, was not with the first invading party and arrived later, in August 1170.
  
  In May 1171, Diarmait Mac Murchada died and his son, Donal MacMurrough-Kavanagh (Irish: Domhnall Caemanach mac Murchada), claimed the kingdom of Leinster in accordance with his rights under the Brehon Laws. Richard de Clare also claimed the kingship in the right of his wife. At this time, Strongbow sent his uncle, Hervey de Montmorency, on an embassy to Henry II. This was necessary to appease the King who was growing restive at the count's increasing power. Upon his return, de Montmorency conveyed the King's terms – the return of Richard de Clare's lands in France, England, and Wales as well as leaving him in possession of his Irish lands. In return, Richard de Clare surrendered Dublin, Waterford, and other fortresses to the English king. Henry's intervention was successful and both the Gaelic and Norman lords in the south and east of Ireland accepted his rule; Richard de Clare also agreed to assist Henry II in his coming war in France.
  
  Henry crossed over to Ireland in October 1172 and stayed in Ireland six months. He put his own men into nearly all the important places, Richard keeping only Kildare. In 1173 Richard went in person to France to help Henry II during the rebellion by his sons, being reinstated in Leinster as a reward. In 1174 he advanced into Connaught and was severely defeated, but subsequently Raymond FitzGerald re-established his supremacy in Leinster.
  
  Marriage and issue
  By an unknown mistress, Richard de Clare fathered two daughters:
  1. Aline de Clare, who married William FitzMaurice FitzGerald, baron of Naas
  2. Basilia de Clare, who married Robert de Quenci, Constable of Leinster
  
  On about 26 August 1171 in Reginald's Tower, Waterford, Richard de Clare married MacMurrough's daughter, Aoife MacMurrough (anglicised as "Eva").
  Their children were:
  3. Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, a minor who died in 1185
  4. Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, who became Countess of Pembroke in her own right in 1185 (on the death of her brother) until her own death in 1220. King Henry II had promised Sir William Marshal that he would be given Isabel as his bride, and his son Richard I upheld the promise one month after his ascension to the throne. The earldom was given to her husband as her consort. Marshall was the son of John the Marshal, by Sibylle, the sister of Patrick, Earl of Salisbury.
  
  Richard de Clare died in June 1176 of some type of infection in his leg or foot. He was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Dublin with his uncle-in-law, Lawrence, Archbishop of Dublin, presiding. King Henry II took all of Strongbow's lands and castles for himself and placed a royal official in charge of them. He guarded well the inheritance of Isabel. Eve was given her dower rights and possibly held Striguil [Chepstow] as part of those dower rights until the Welsh rebellion of 1184/85. There is a record of Eve confirming a charter in Ireland in 1188/89 as "comtissa de Hibernia".
  
  Richard de Clare's widow, Aoife, lived on and was last recorded in a charter of 1188.
  
  There are no known extant records of the personal lives of Richard de Clare and Eve. We know that this young red-haired son of Gilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke survived the years of being deprived of his rightful inheritance. He took the gamble that Dermot MacMurchada offered. He conquered and re-constituted his inherited lordship of Leinster, married the golden-haired Eve, and re-gained the respect of king Henry II. Two interesting questions arise for which there is no known extant contemporary records. Did Richard de Clare perhaps meet the man who would be his daughter's husband in the 1173 rebellion of the young King Henry? Would Richard de Clare have approved of the knight William Marshal who married his daughter Isabel and not only regained all the land, castles and titles that Richard de Clare should have inherited, but added greatly to them?
  
  Legacy
  Richard de Clare was first interred in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral where an alleged effigy can be viewed. Richard de Clare's actual tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The one on display dates from around the 15th century, bears the coat of arms of an unknown knight, and is the effigy of another local knight. Richard de Clare was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin within sight of the cross according to an eyewitness, Giraldus Cambrensis. There is little evidence to support the tradition that he was buried either in St Edan's Cathedral, Ferns, Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford or Dominican priory, Kilkenny. References to 'de Clare' being buried in Gloucester cathedral refer to his father, while those to 'Strongbow' in Tintern abbey refer probably to Walter or Anselm Marshall, both of whom died in 1245.
  The English cider brand Strongbow is named after him.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke
  
  === Reference 1 ===
  Richard de Clare, the celebrated Stongbow, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, was one of the witnesses to the solemn agreement made in 1153 between King Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy, whereby the latter was to succeed to the English throne upon the decease of the former. But the leading part he subsequently had in the subjugation of Ireland procuring him a conspicuous place in history, we shall relate the particulars of that event in the words of the Monk of Jorevaulx -- "The realm of Ireland," saith he, "being miserably opprest with warr by the many kings there who banded against each other, one of them sent his son into England to procure souldiers thence for his aid. Which souldiers for the hope of gain, giving him assistance, were so well recompenced as that they rather chose to stay there than return into England. But after a short time the stoutest people of Ireland, being much offended with that king for getting aid from England, the English already fixed in Ireland sent for more from hence to strengthen their party, and because they had no chief they made of this Earl Richard (a stout and valiant man), to be their captain, who, yielding to their request, rigging a good fleet, prepared for the journey. Whereupon there were some who, in the king's behalf, endeavoured to restrain him. Howbeit, getting on shipboard and landing safe, he assaulted Dublin and took it; the tidings whereof so terrified those that lived afar off that they were content to be at peace with him; and, to confirm what he had got, gave him in marriage Eva, daughter of Dermot McMurrough, one of their kings, with whom he had in dower a great part of the realm. Whereat the King of England growing much displeased, as well for that he had not only, without his consent, but forbidden, made so great an attempt, seized upon all his patrimony here, prohibiting that he should have further aid; and threatening him otherwise very sore, compelled him so to such a compliance as that he got Dublin from him and all the principal places he had won, requiring him to be content with the rest, and his patrimony in England; soon after raising a great army, the king sayled thither, himself." In the end the earl was constituted Justice of Ireland by King Henry II and, having founded the priory of Kilmainham in the province of Leinster for Knights Hospitallers, "this eminent person," Dugdale concludes, "died untimely upon the nones of April, anno 1176, and was buried in the chapter house at Gloucester as may be seen by this inscription on the wall there, 'Hic jacet Ricardus Strongbow, filius Gilberti, Comitis de Pembroke," leaving issue, as some say, one son, scarce three years old to be his heir, but by others it is reported that, being by treachery abused and wounded, he departed this life the 5th year after his acquisition of the province of Leinster, and that he was buried at Dublin, leaving issue one only dau. and heiress, Isabel.
  
  NOTE: Hacket, in his collection of epitaphs, gives the following from the tomb of Strongbow, at Christ's Church, Dublin:--
  
  "Nate ingrate, mihi pugnanti terga dedisti,
  Non mihi, sed genti, regno quoque terga dedisti."
  
  "This alludes," says Banks, "to a story that Strongbow's only son, a youth about seventeen, frightened with the numbers and ululations of the Irish in a great battle, ran away, but being afterwards informed of his father's victory, he joyfully returned to congratulate him. But the severe general having first upbraided him with his cowardice, caused him to be immediately executed by cutting him off in the middle with a sword. Such, in former times, was the detestation of datardliness!" [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, London, 1883, pp. 120-121, Clare, Earls of Pembroke]
  
  Richard de Clare (surnamed Strongbow), Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster, and Constable of Ireland, 1172. By marriage with Eva, the only dau. of McMurgh, King of Leinster, whose inheritance King henry II granted to him consisting of the province of Leinster, in which were contained Wexford, Kildare, Kilkenny, Osory, and Catherlogh. He d. in May, 1177, and left an only dau. and heir, Isabel, married to William Mareschal. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 628, Baronage of Ireland]
  
  ___________________________
  
  RiCHARD FITZGILBERT, probably styled also Strongbow, EARL OF PEMBROKE, son and heir, born probably circa 1130, attested his father's charters for Lewes and Southwark, and in his father's lifetime made a gift to the abbey of Foucarmont. He succeeded his father as Earl of Pembroke, and in 1153 he attested, as Earl of Pembroke, the treaty between Stephen and Henry, Duke of Normandy. In 1168, with the Earl of Arundel and other nobles, he escorted the Princess Maud to Germany for her marriage to the Duke of Saxony. It was probably in this year that he promised Dermot, the exiled King of Leinster, to help him to recover his kingdom, in return for the promise of his daughter in marriage and the succession to the Crown; but it was not until about 2 years later that he sailed from Milford Haven. On 23 August 1170 he landed near the Danish city of Waterford, which was captured; and with Dermot he marched on Dublin, the chief Danish stronghold, which also fell. After the death of Dermot, circa 1 May 1171, there was a general rising of the Irish and he was besieged in Dublin by the King of Connaught for nearly 2 months; but he surprised the enemy by a sudden sortie and routed them. Marching to Wexford, he defeated O'Ryan, the local King, on the way, at the pass of Odrone. Meanwhile his conquests had aroused the jealousy of Henry II, and the Earl sent Raymond the Fat to place them all in the King's hands. Finally Richard went over to meet Henry and agreed to surrender Dublin and the other coast towns and to do homage for the rest of Leinster. He then accompanied the King to Ireland, did homage and was granted Leinster in fee. In 1173 he joined the King in Normandy, and he took part in the relief of Verneuil in August. Henry is said to have made him Constable of Gisors, and to have given him Wexford, with the custody of Waterford and Dublin; and at Rouen the King committed the custody of Ireland to him. In 1174 he invaded Munster, but he had to fall back on Waterford, where he was besieged unsuccessfully by the Irish. eventually his supremacy in Leinster was undisputed, and he effected its subinfeudation among his supporters. Before the end of 1175 he was with the King in England. He founded the priory of Usk, and probably the hospital of St. John at Kilmainham-; and he was a benefactor to the abbeys, of Foucarmont, Cormeilles, and Tintern, and the priory of Goldcliff, and in Dublin to the Abbey of St. Mary and to Holy Trinity (Christ Church Cathedral); and he confirmed the foundation of St. Mary's Abbey, Dunbrothy, by his unclc Hervey de Montmorency. He married, circa 26 August 1171, at Waterford, Aoife (a name converted into Eve), daughter and de facto heir of Dermot MACMURROUGH, King of Leinster, by Mor, daughter of Murtough O'TOOLE, Lord of Omurethy, and half-sister St. Laurence O'TOOLE, Archbishop of Dublin. He died probably 20 April 1176, in Dublin, and was buried there in Holy Trinity (Christ Church Cathedral). His widow was styled the Countess of Ireland in 1185, but Countess of Strigoil in 1186. She remained at the King's disposal until his death, and probably died soon afterwards. [Complete Peerage X:352-7, XIV:521]
  
  ________________________
  
  Richard de Clare or Richard Strongbow, second Earl of Pembroke and Strigul (d 1176), was son of Gilberts earl of Pembroke in 1138 and grandson of Gilbert de Clare d 1115?. His mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, earl of Leicester and Mellent. He appears to have succeeded to his father's estates in 1148; but the name of 'Richard count of Pembroke' first appears amont the signatures to the treaty of Wesminster (7 Nov 1153), which recognised Prince Henry as Stephen's successor. It appears that he was allowed to retain his title even after the accession of Henry II, when so many of Stephen's earldoms were abolished; but according to Giraldus Cambrensis he had either foreited or lost his estates by 1167-8. We learn from Ralph de Diceto that he was one of the nobles who accompanied Princess Matilda on her marriage journey to Minded in Germany early in 1168. According to the Irish historians it was in 1166 the Dermot, driven from Leinster by the combined forces of Roderic O'Conner, king of Connaught, and Tighernan O'Rmacrc, king of Breifni, appealed to Henry for aid in the recovery of his kingdom. This date, according to Giraldus, seems two years too early. Henry gave letters empowering any of his subjects to assis the dethroned monarch, who secured the services of Earl Richard, promising in return for his assistance to give him his eldest daughter in marriage, together with the succession to Leinster. The earl engaged to cross over with an army in the ensuing spring; but stipulated that he must have express permission from Henry before starting. Earlier aid was promised by Robert FitzStephen and Maurice FitzGerald, who appear to have crossed over to Wexford about 1 May 1169. If this date be correct, the meeting of Dermot and the earl must have taken place about July 1168, to which year Hoveden assigns the invastion of Ireland. In the conquest of Wexford and the expeditions against Ossory and Dublin Earl Richard took no part; but acording to Giraldus he was represented in this campaign by his nephew, Hervey de Mountmaurice.
  
  It was apparently towards the close of this year that Dermot, despairing of the arrival of the Earl of Strigul, offered his daughter ot Robert FitzStephen and Maurice FitzGerald, and on their refusal sent a pressing invitation to the earl: 'The swallows have come and gone, yet you are tarrying still.' On receiving this letter, Earl Richard
  
  === From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, art ===
  From Encyclopedia Britannica Online, article titled "Pembroke,Richard FitzGilbert, 2nd Earl of:" "byname RICHARD STRONGBOW, also called RICHARD DE CLARE, Anglo-Normanlord whose invasion of Ireland in 1170 initiated the opening phase ofthe English conquest. "The son of Gilbert FitzGilbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke, he succeeded tohis father's estates in southern Wales in 1148/49. Pembroke hadevidently lost these lands by 1168; it was probably in that year thathe agreed to aid Dermot MacMurrough, king of Leinster, who had beenexpelled from his kingdom by Roderic (Rory O'Connor), high king ofIreland. King Henry II of England (reigned 1154-89) granted Pembrokepermission to invade Ireland, and on Aug. 23, 1170, the earl landednear Waterford. Waterford and Dublin quickly fell to the Normans. After the death ofMacMurrough in May 1171, Pembroke was besieged in Dublin by Roderic,but in September his forces broke out and routed Roderic's army. Inorder to prevent Pembroke from setting himself up as an independentruler, Henry II had him acknowledge royal authority over his conquestsin Leinster. Pembroke helped the king suppress a rebellion in Normandyin 1173-74, and in return Henry granted him custody of Wexford,Waterford, and Dublin. By the time Pembroke died, all Ireland had beencommitted to his care, but within Ireland his supremacy was recognized only in Leinster. "His son Gilbert de Striguil (or Strigoil) died unmarried, certainlybefore 1189, and as a minor was never styled earl. The earldom passedwith Richard's daughter Isabel (d. 1220) to her husband WilliamMarshal, the 1st Earl of Pembroke in the Marshal line."
  
  === Burial: Holy Trinity, Christ Church Cat ===
  Burial: Holy Trinity, Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland Occupation: Earl of Pembroke, Justiciar of Ireland, Earl of Striguil
  
  === Earl richard Fitzgilbert bio ===
  (22nd Great Grandfather) Irish Pedigrees or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation By John O'Hart The descent of the Irish Celts from Adam 1. Adam 2. Seth 3. Enos 4. Cainan 5. Mahalaleel 6. Jared 7. Enoch 8. Methuselah 9. Lamech 10. Noah divided the world amongst his three sons, begotten of his wife Titea: viz., to Shem he gave Asia, within the Euphrates, to the Indian Ocean; to Ham he gave Syria, Arabia, and Africa; and to Japhet, the rest of Asia beyond the Euphrates, together with Europe to Gadea (or Cadiz). 11. Japhet was the eldest son of Noah. He had fifteen sons, amongst whom he divided Europe and the part of Asia which his father had allotted to him. 12. Magog: From whom descended the Parthians, Bactrians, Amazons, etc.; Parthalon, the first planter of Ireland, about three hundred years after the Flood; and also the rest of the colonies that planted there, viz., the Nemedians, who planted Ireland, Anno Mundi three thousand and forty-six, or three hundred and eighteen years after the birth of Abraham, and two thousand one hundred and fifty-three years before Christ. The Nemedians continued in Ireland for two hundred and seventeen years; within which time a colony of theirs went into the northern parts of Scotland, under the conduct of their leader Briottan Maol, from whom Britain takes its name, and not from "Brutus," as some persons believed. From Magog were also descended the Belgarian, Belgian, Firbolgian or Firvolgian colony that succeeded the Nemedians, Anno Mundi, three thousand two hundred and sixty-six, and who first erected Ireland into a Monarchy. [According to some writers, the Fomorians invaded Ireland next after the Nemedians.] This Belgarian of Firvolgian colony continued in Ireland for thirty-six years, under nine of their Kings; when they were supplanted by the Tuatha-de-Danann (which means, according to some authorities, "the people of the god Dan," whom they adored), who possessed Ireland for one hundred and ninety-seven years, during the reigns of nine of their kings; and who were then conquered by the Gaelic, Milesian, or Scotic Nation (the three names by which the Irish people were known), Anno Mundi three thousand five hundred. This Milesian or Scotic Irish Nation possessed and enjoyed the Kingdom of Ireland for two thousand eight hundred and eighty-five years, under one hundred and eighty-three Monarchs; until their submission to King Henry the Second of England, Anno Domini one thousand one hundred and eighty-six. 13. Boath, one of the sons of Magog; to whom Scythia came as his lot, upon the division of the Earth by Noah amongst his sons, and by Japhet of his part thereof amongst his sons. 14. Phoeniusa Farsaidh (or Fenius Farsa) was King of Scythia, at the time when Ninus ruled the Assyrian Empire; and, being a wise man and desirous to learn the languages that not long before confounded the builders of the Tower of Babel, employed able and learned men to go among the dispersed multitude to learn their several languages; who sometime after returning well skilled in what they went for, Phniusa Farsaidh erected a school in the valley of Senaar, near the city of Æothena, in the forty-second year of the reign of Ninus; whereupon, having continued there with his younger son Niul for twenty years, he returned home to his kingdom, which, at his death, he left to the oldest son Nenuall; leaving to Niul no other patrimony than his learning and the benefit of the said school. 15. Niul, after his father returned to Scythia, continued some time at othena, teaching the languages and other laudable sciences, until upon report of his great learning he was invited into Egypt by Pharaoh, the King; who gave him the land of Campus Cyrunt, near the Red Sea to inhabit, and his daughter Scota in marriage; from whom their posterity are ever since called Scots; but, according to some annalists, the name "Scots" is derived from the word Scythia. It was this Niul that employed Gaodhal [Gael], son of Ethor, a learned and skilful man, to compose or rather refine and adorn the language, called Bearla Tobbai, which was common to all Niul's posterity, and afterwards called Gaodhilg (or Gaelic), from the said Gaodhal who composed or refined it; and for his sake also Niul called his own eldest son "Gaodhal." 16. Gaodhal (or Gathelus), the son of Niul, and ancestor of Clan-na-Gael, that is, "the children or descendants of Gaodhal". In his youth this Gaodhal was stung in the neck by a serpent, and was immediately brought to Moses, who, laying his rod upon the wounded place, instantly cured him; whence followed the word "Glas" to be added to his named, as Gaodhal Glas (glas: Irish, green; Lat. glaucus; Gr. glaukos), on account of the green scar which the word signifies, and which, during his life, remained on his neck after the wound was healed. And Gaodhal obtained a further blessing, namely-that no venomous beast can live any time where his posterity should inhabit; which is verified in Creta or Candia, Gothia or Getulia, Ireland, etc. The Irish chroniclers affirm that from this time Gaodhal and his posterity did paint the figures of Beasts, Birds, etc., on their banners and shields, to distinguish their tribes and septs, in imitation of the Israelites; and that a "Thunderbolt" was the cognisance in their chief standard for many generations after this Gaodhal. 17. Asruth, after his father's death, continued in Egypt and governed his colony in peace during his life. 18. Sruth, soon after his father's death, was set upon by the Egyptians, on account of their former animosities towards their predecessors for having taken part with the Israelites against them; which animosities until then lay raked up in the embers, and now broke out in a flame to that degree, that after many battles and conflicts wherein most of his colony lost their live, Sruth was forced with the few remaining to depart the country; and, after many traverses at sea, arrived at the Island of Creta (now called Candia), where he paid his last tribute to nature. 19. Heber Scut (scut: Irish, a Scot), after his father's death and a year's stay in Creta, departed thence, leaving some of his people to inhabit the Island, where some of their posterity likely still remain; "because the Island breeds no venomous serpent ever since." He and his people soon after arrived in Scythia; where his cousins, the posterity of Nenuall (eldest son of Fenius Farsa, above mentioned), refusing to allot a place of habitation form him and his colony, they fought many battles wherein Heber (with the assistance of some of the natives who were ill-affected towards their king), being always victor, he at length forced the sovereignty from the other, and settled himself and his colony in Scythia, who continued there for four generations. (Hence the epithet Scut, "a Scot" or "a Scythian," was applied to this Heber, who was accordingly called Heber Scot.) Heber Scot was afterwards slain in battle by Noemus the former king's son. 20. Baouman; 21 Ogaman; and 22. Tait, were each kings of Scythia, but in constant war with the natives; so that after Tait's death his son, 23. Agnon and his followers betook themselves to sea, wandering and coasting upon the Caspian Sean for several (some say seven) years in which time he died. 24. Lamhfionn and his fleet remained at sea for some time, after his father's death, resting and refreshing themselves upon such islands as they met with. It was then the Cachear, their magician or Druid, foretold that there would be no end of their peregrinations and travel until they should arrive at the Western Island of Europe, now called Ireland, which was the place destined for their future and lasting abode and settlement; and that not they but their posterity after three hundred years should arrive there. After many traverses of fortune at sea, this little fleet with their leader arrived at last and landed at Gothia or Geulia-more recently called Lybia, where Carthage was afterwards built; and, soon after, Lamhfionn died there. 25. Heber Glunfionn was born in Gothia, where he died. His posterity continued there to the eighth generation; and were kings or chief rulers there for one hundred and fifty years-some say three hundred years. 26 Agnan Fionn; 27. Febric Glas; 28. Nenuall; 29. Nuadhad; 30. Alladh; 31. Arcadh; and 32. Deag: of these nothing remarkable is mentioned, but that they lived and died kings in Gothia or Getulia. 33. Brath was born in Gothia. Remembering the Druid's prediction, and his people having considerably multiplied during their abode in Geulia, he departed thence with a numerous fleet to seek out the country destined for their final settlement, by the prophecy of Cachear, the Druid above mentioned; and, after some time, he landed upon the coast of Spain, and by strong hand settled himself and his colony in Galicia, in the north of that country. 34. Breoghan (or Brigus) was king of Galicia, Andalusia, Murcia, Castile, and Portugal-all of which he conquered. He built Breoghan's Tower or Brigantia in Galicia, and the city of Brigantia or Braganza in Portugal-called after him; and the kingdom of Castile was then also called after him Brigia. It is considered that "Castile" itself was so called from the figure of a castle which Brigus bore for his Arms on his banner. Brigus sent a colony into Britain, who settled in that territory now known as the counties of York, Lancaster, Durham, Westmoreland, and Cumberland, and, after him were called Brigantes; whose posterity gave formidable opposition to the Romans, at the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. 35. Bilé; was king of those countries after his father's death; and his son Galamh [galav] or Milesius succeeded him. This Bilé had a brother named Ithe . 36. Milesius, in his youth and in his father's life-time, went into Scythia, where he was kindly received by the king of that country, who gave him his daughter in marriage, and appointed him General of his forces. In this capacity M
  
  === 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Occupation: 2nd ===
  2nd Earl of Pembroke. Occupation: 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justicar of Ireland 2 Note: 1Note: conquests in Ireland laid the foundation of English rule there. One ofthe principal Norman magnates in Wales, Pembroke led an army to Irelandin 1170 as the ally of Dermot MacMurrough, ruler of the Irish kingdom inLeinster. After taking Waterford and Dublin from Dermot's foes, hemarried the king's daughter and claimed the throne of Leinster when hisfather-in-law died. In 1171 he surrendered Dublin to his sovereign KingHenry II of England, and recognized him as his overlord. AfterPembroke's death Henry claimed Ireland for his own son John, and laterEnglish kings considered the country part of their domains. Sources: swilliams10 Type: CD ROM Title: Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99 Publication: Microsoft Corporation Type: Book Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis Periodical: Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD Text: line 66-26
  
  === Called "Strongbow"; Justiciar of Ireland ===
  Called "Strongbow"; Justiciar of Ireland.
  
  === The most powerful of the marcher and An ===
  The most powerful of the marcher and Anglo-Irish magnates under King Henry II.
  
  === The Clare estates along with the earldom ===
  The Clare estates along with the earldom passed to Roger's son, Richard, who for the next 4 decades until he d. in 1217, was the head of the great house of CLARE, adding immensely to the wealth, prestige, and landed endowment of his line. The Magna Carta Surety and the 4th Earl of Hertford, but like his father and his uncle was more generally known as the Earl of Clare. He was present at the coronation of King Richard at Westminster on September 3, 1189, and of King John on May 27, 1199. Richard de CLARE acquired half of the former honor of Giffard in 1189 when King Richard I, in need of money for the Third Crusade, agreed to divide the Giffard estates between Richard de CLARE and his cousin Isabel, Strongbow's dau. based on their claims tof descendancy to Rohese Giffard. Richard de CLARE obtained Long Crendon in Buckingham, the caput of the Giffard honor in England, associated manors in Buckingham, Cambridge, and Bedfordshire, and 43 knights' fees, in addition to some former Giffard lands in Normandy. When Richard de CLARE's mother Maud d. in 1195, he obtained the honor of St. Hilary. Maud's 2nd husband, William de Aubigny, Earl of Arundel, who had held St. Hilary jure uxoris, d. in 1193, and despite the fact he had a son and heir, the honor reverted to Maud and after her death escheated to the crown. Richard de CLARE offered œ360 and acquired it. The honor later became absorbed into the honor of CLARE and lost its separate identity. Richard de CLARE's most important act, however, was his m. to Amicia, 2nd dau. and eventual sole heir to William earl of Gloucester. The Gloucester inheritance included the earldom and honor of Gloucester with over 260 knights' fees in England, along with the important marcher lordships of Glamorgan and Gwynllwg. In the 7th year of Richard I., gave 1,000 pounds to the king for livery of the lands of his mother's inheritance, with his proportion of those sometimes belonging to Giffard, Earl of Buckingham. Then in 1200, when King John c reated Richard's wife Amicia's sisster Mabel's son Amaury Earl of Gloucester, Richard de CLARE and his son Gilbert were given a few estates and 10 fees of the honor of Gloucester of Kent; otherwise, John kept the bulk of the honor, with the great lordships of Glamorgan and Gwynllwg. Mabel's son Amaury d. without issue in 1213 Shortly thereafter, John gave the 1st Isabel in marriage to Geoffrey de Mandeville, earl of Essex, who was also created earl of Gloucester. When Geoffrey died, the inheritance was assigned to Hubert de Burgh, the justiciar. Hubert m. Countess Isabel shortly before her daeth in Oct. 1217, however, he did not retain the estates, since they passed to Amicia, now recognized as countess of Gloucestire, and her husband Richard de CLARE, despite the fact Richard and Amicia had been separated since 1200. He sided with the barons against King John and his castle of Tunbridge was taken. On November 9, 1215, he was one of the commissioners on the part of the barons to treat peace with the king. On March 4, 1215 or 1216 his lands in cos. Cambridge, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex were granted to Robert de Betun; and he and his son were among the barons excommunicated by the Pope in 1215. SOURCE: National Society Magna Charta Dames and Barons Magna Charta Baron Page
  
  === !Sir Richard was the 2nd Earl of Pembrok ===
  !Sir Richard was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Buckingham and Justiciar of Ireland. !Richard was the Earl of Clare and Lord Justice of Ireland. !Sir Richard was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Buckingham and Justiciar of Ireland. !Richard was the Earl of Clare and Lord Justice of Ireland.
  
  === 2nd Earl of Pembroke; Earl of Striguil; ===
  2nd Earl of Pembroke; Earl of Striguil; Justiciar of Ireland Nickname: Strongbow
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition L 63-27 !6th Earl of Clare, Hertford & Gloucester, Magna Charta Surety, 1215
  
  ===
  Richard was known as "Strongbow", a fam ===
  
  Richard was known as "Strongbow", a famous personage in Ireland in his
  time.
  
  Strongbow
  bjsorrels1added this on 18 Jun 2009 on ancestry.com website.
  momkat91originally submitted this to Shields - Plant Family Tree on 19
  Apr 2009
  
  DERMOT AND STRONGBOW, AND THE INVASION OF IRELAND
  
  Dermot MacMurrough was the King of Leinster during the twelfth century
  and is most remembered as the man who invited the English into
  Ireland.
  
  He was born circa 1100 and succeeded to the throne of his father,
  Enna, in 1126. He was a ruthless leader and demonstrated the ferocity
  of the times by killing or blinding 17 rivals in 1141. He became
  involved in a dispute with the King of Breffney, Tiernan O'Ruark,
  whose wife he kidnapped in 1153. O'Ruark formed an alliance with Rory
  O'Connor who was the recognised High King of Ireland at the time. In
  1166 this long-running and bitter feud resulted in MacMurrough being
  driven into exile by the Gaelic Chieftains. He fled to France.
  
  Dermot MacMurrough was a deeply ambitious man who refused to accept
  his exile. He made his way to the Court of Henry II of England and
  offered to become a vassal to the King in return for military aid in
  retaking his kingdom. The king did not directly provide assistance but
  allowed MacMurrough to petition the Anglo-Norman lords. It was at this
  time that the Earl of Pembroke, Richard de Clare, later known as
  'Strongbow', agreed to lead an army to Ireland. MacMurrough brought an
  advance party of adventurers back to Ireland in 1167, recaptured
  Wexford, and waited for Strongbow to arrive.
  
  From his base in Wales Strongbow launched an offensive in 1170,
  capturing Waterford and Dublin, taking control of the East coast, much
  to the dismay of the Gaelic Chieftains and O'Connor. To cement the
  alliance, MacMurrough married his daughter Aoife to Strongbow, in
  Christchurch Cathedral in Dublin 1170.
  
  The Irish Chieftains did not allow the invaders to settle however and
  they were continually attacked and harassed. At one stage it seemed
  likely that they would be driven from the country if it were not for
  the support given by Henry II, who had become concerned with the
  amount of power and influence that Strongbow was amassing across the
  Irish sea. It is speculated that Henry II feared that Ireland might be
  used as a base by the Saxons to launch an offensive back into England
  in the wake of their defeat at Hastings in 1066. The subsequent
  domination of South Wales by the Normans was a result of the need to
  keep supply lines into Eastern Ireland open.
  
  Dermot MacMurrough died in 1170 leaving Strongbow to declare himself
  King of Leinster. His later support for Henry II in France led to his
  being named Governor of Ireland. He died in 1176 suffering an
  infection during a raid by Irish rebels.
  
  Much of Ireland was still under local influence and it only was the
  East coast, known as 'the Pale', that remained in Norman control.
  Henry granted these lands to his son 'Jean Sans-terre' (or John
  Lackland) in 1185 creating the 'Lordship of Ireland'. It seemed likely
  that Ireland would remain a minor Kingdom except that fate intervened.
  The death of his elder brothers allowed Jean Sans-terre to succeed to
  the English throne, becoming King John of England and the Pale
  becoming part of English dominated territories.
  
  Demot MacMurrough has for centuries been blamed as the man who caused,
  or at least facilitated the invasion and subsequent subjugation of
  Ireland by outsiders. Recent revision of this history however, have
  been less critical of his actions.
  
  It is likely that the island would have eventually been dominated by
  its larger neighbour even without Dermot MacMurroughs prompting. The
  unwillingness of the Gaelic Chiefs to form a Kingship with defined
  rights of succession certainly made invasion and domination easier. It
  was also not uncommon of the times for Gaelic Chiefs to seek help from
  foreigners in combatting their local enemies.
  
  Despite this more generous interpretation of his actions, it will
  always be Dermot MacMurroughs lust for power, bringing the English
  into Ireland, for which he will be most remembered.
  
  Fighting in Irish Kingdoms
  kbusic420 added this on 26 Sep 2009 on ancestry.com website.
  hargrode1originally submitted this to Luttrell on 16 Dec 2007
  
  In 1169 Dermon McMurrough, King of Leinster, was driven from his
  kingdom by the ruler of Connacht. As McMurrough had traded across the
  Irish Sea with the Welsh and the English, he was well aware of how the
  Norman warriors had conquered Britain. McMurrough went to HenryII
  (grandson of William The Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and King of
  Anglo-Norman England) to ask for his help in getting his kingdom back.
  Though Henry was preoccupied with other concerns, he invited others
  to support McMurrough: "Know you that we have taken Dermot, Prince of
  Leinster, into the bosom of our grace and goodwill. Whosoever shall
  be willing to lend him aid in the recovery of his lands, let him know
  that he has our favour and permission," wrote Henry.
  
  McMurough promised the Normans wealth, land and power if they came to
  Ireland to help him. To Richard Fitzgilbert de Clare, the powerful
  Welsh Norman Earl of Pembroke, he offered his daughter, Aoife as a
  bride and agreed that he should inherit his kingdom of Leinster. The
  deal was agreed. De Clare invaded Ireland with well-armed knights,
  archers and foot-soldiers. They defeated the stone throwing, lightly
  clad Irishmen, whose battle axes and swords were only good for close
  quarters. Dermon McMurrough died within a year. De Clare inherited
  Leinster. Henry II fearing fearing that de Clare might set up an
  independent Irish Norman kingdom arrived in Ireland in 1171. His
  force didn't have to fight because de Clare and most of the Irish
  rulers swore allegiance to Henry. De Clare was allowed to retain
  Leinster.
  
  === Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke ( ===
  Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (1130 ? 20 April 1176). Like his father, he was also commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (French: Arc-Fort). He was a Cambro-Norman lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland.
  
  Richard was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Beaumont. Richard's father died when he was about eighteen years old and Richard inherited the title Earl of Pembroke. It is probable that this title was not recognized at Henry II's coronation. As the son of the first Earl, he succeeded to his father's estates in 1148, but was deprived of the title by King Henry II of England in 1154 for siding with King Stephen of England against Henry?s mother, the Empress Matilda. Richard was in fact, described by his contemporaries as the Earl of Striguil, Striguil being where he had a fortress at a place now called Chepstow, in Monmouthshire on the Wye. He saw an opportunity to reverse his bad fortune in 1168 when he met Diarmait Mac Murchada, the former King of Leinster.
  
  In 1167, the King of Leinster, Diarmait Mac Murchada, was deprived of his kingdom by the High King of Ireland - Rory O'Connor (Irish: Tairrdelbach mac Ruaidri Ua Conchobair). The grounds for the dispossession were that MacMurrough had, in 1152, abducted Derbforgaill, the wife of the King of Breifne, Tiernan O'Rourke (Irish: Tighearnán Ua Ruairc). To recover his kingdom, MacMurrough solicited help from Henry II of England. The deposed king left Ireland for Bristol from near Bannow on 1 August 1166. He met King Henry II in Aquitaine in autumn 1166. Henry could not help him at this time, but provided a letter of comfort for willing supporters of Mac Murchada's cause in his kingdom. However, after his return to Wales he failed to rally any forces to his standard. Eventually he met the Earl of Striguil (nicknamed "Strongbow") and other barons of the Welsh Marches. Mac Murchada came to an agreement with de Clare: for the Earl?s assistance with an army the following spring, he could have Aoife, Mac Murchada's eldest daughter in marriage and the succession to Leinster. As Henry?s approval or license to Mac Murchada was a general one, the Earl of Striguil thought it prudent to obtain Henry's specific consent to travel to Ireland: he waited two years to do this. The license he got was to aid Mac Murchada in the recovery of his kingdom of Leinster.
  
  An army was assembled that included Welsh archers. It was led by Raymond FitzGerald (also known as Raymond le Gros) and in quick succession it took the Viking or Scandinavian-established towns of Wexford, Waterford and Dublin in 1169-1170. Strongbow, however, was not with the first invading party, only arriving later, in August 1170.
  
  In May 1171, Diarmuid Mac Murchada died and his son, Donal MacMurrough-Kavanagh (Irish: Domhnall Caemanach mac Murchada) claimed the kingdom of Leinster in accordance with his rights under the Brehon Laws. The Earl of Striguil also claimed the kingship in the right of his wife. The old king's death was the signal of a general rising, and Richard barely managed to keep Rory O'Connor out of Dublin.
  
  Strongbow was the statesman, whereas Raymond was the soldier, of the conquest. He is vividly described by Giraldus Cambrensis as a tall and fair man, of pleasing appearance, modest in his bearing, delicate in features, of a low voice, but sage in council and the idol of his soldiers. He was first interred in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral where an alleged effigy can be viewed. Strongbow's actual tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The one on display dates from around the 15th century, bears the coat of arms of the Earls of Kildare and is the effigy of another local Knight. Strongbow is actually buried in the graveyard of the Ferns Cathedral, Ferns, where his grave can be seen in the graveyard.
  
  Richard also held the title of Lord Marshal of England.
  
  From the collection of Jerry Dean Ferren.
  
  === Magna Charta Surety ===
  Magna Charta Surety
  
  === Abbot of Ely. ===
  Abbot of Ely.
  
  === Name RICHARD Fitzgilbert "Strongbow", Ea ===
  Name RICHARD Fitzgilbert "Strongbow", Earl of Pembroke /De Clare, 2nd Earl/
  
  === Richard fitz Gilbert, aka "Strongbow" l ===
  Richard fitz Gilbert, aka "Strongbow" led the Norman invasion of Ireland and obtained the great lordship of Leinster in- Irish magnates under King Henry II.
  
  === Known as "Strong Bow"; Earl of Pembroke ===
  Known as "Strong Bow"; Earl of Pembroke
  
  === Sources: Norr, Coe, Kraentzler 1097, 110 ===
  Sources: Norr, Coe, Kraentzler 1097, 1103, 1112, 1126, 1134, 1137,1427, 1147, 1150; A. Roots 66-26, 175-7; AF. Roots: Richard de Clare. "Strongbow," born about 1130. Died about 20 April 1176. Second Earl of Pembroke, 1150. Earl of Striguil. Justiciar of Ireland. Married Aoife (or Eve), living 1186. Norr: Richard de Clare, Earl of Buckingham. K: Richard Fitz-Gilbert, Lord de Clare. Slain. SOURCES: 1. Weis, Frederick Lewis. _Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists_. 6thEdition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1988; line66-26. Richard de Clare was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland. 2. Ancestral File (AFN:91SF-H7). The Ancestral File also gives hisbirth as 1110 in Lancaster and his death date as 1125 and 1135. This individual has the following other parents in the AncestralFile: Gilbert de Clare (AFN: HPT4-QV) and E de Beaumont (AFN:HPT4-R2).
  
  === 2nd Earl of Pembroke. Went to Ireland to ===
  2nd Earl of Pembroke. Went to Ireland to aid Dermot McMurrough and recoup his fortune (1170).Subdued much of East Ireland. Under Henry II became Justice of Ireland.
  
  === Earl of Pembroke ===
  Earl of Pembroke
  
  === Richard "Strongbow" de Clare Sex: M Birt ===
  Richard "Strongbow" de Clare Sex: M Birth: ABT 1130 Death: 20 APR 1176 inDublin, Ireland Occupation: Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster ChangeDate: 10 JAN 2002 Father: **Gilbert "Strongbow" de Clare b: ABT 1100 Mother: **IsabelBeaumont b: ABT 1104 Marriage 1 **Eva of Leinster Children **Isabel de Clare b: ABT 1174 BIOGRAPHY: RICHARD DE CLARE (c. 1130-1176) BIOGRAPHY: 2nd Earl of Pembroke commonly known as Strongbow Lost his earldom on the accession of Henry II Stephen's man In 1166 he married Aeoife of Leinster and in 1170 went to Ireland Occupied Dublin and Waterford and in 1171 became Earl of Leinster thusprecipitating Henry II's invasion of Ireland Recognised as Earl of Leinster and became Henry's representative inIreland. BIOGRAPHY: Penance, Rebellion and Ireland Henry II was repentant of the murder of Becket. He spent years atoningfor his guilt making pilgrimages to the shrine of the archbishop. He madehis peace with the Pope. BIOGRAPHY: Finally he turned his attentions to Ireland. The Pope wasunhappy about the way the Church was managed in Ireland. For example, thebishopric, the see of Armagh, was hereditary; eight bishops appeared tobe married and had children; others did not even appear to have beenordained. Pope Alexander approved of Henry's expedition. BIOGRAPHY: The King landed at Waterford on 17th October 1171. Only thekings of Tyrone and Tyrconnel refused to pay him homage. He built apalace at Dublin and within a year, supported by the Pope, he wasrecognised as Lord of Ireland. This, of course, was not the end of Irishstory Henry did not understand that as soon as he left Ireland they wouldforget their allegiance to him. BIOGRAPHY: Henry had certainly strengthened his powers in other areas.Through the marriage of his daughters he had forged links with Scicily,Castile and Saxony. BIOGRAPHY: His success was undoubtedly marred by the treachery of his ownsons: John; Henry; Geoffrey and Richard. They planned no less than fourrebellions against their father. He died heartbroken after being defeatedin a war fought against Henry, his heir, and his youngest son, John, on6th July 1189 with only one son, Geoffrey at his bedside. Sources: Norr, Coe, Kraentzler 1097, 1103, 1112, 1126, 1134, 1137, 1427, 1147, 1150; A. Roots 66-26, 175-7; AF. Roots: Richard de Clare. "Strongbow," born about 1130. Died about 20 April 1176. Second Earl of Pembroke, 1150. Earl of Striguil. Justiciar of Ireland. Married Aoife (or Eve), living 1186. Norr: Richard de Clare, Earl of Buckingham. K: Richard Fitz-Gilbert, Lord de Clare. Slain. SOURCES: 1. Weis, Frederick Lewis. _Ancestral Roots of 60 Colonists_. 6th Edition. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1988; line 66-26. Richard de Clare was the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland. 2. Ancestral File (AFN:91SF-H7). The Ancestral File also gives his birthas 1110 in Lancaster and his death date as 1125 and 1135. This individual has the following other parents in the Ancestral File: Gilbert de Clare (AFN: HPT4-QV) and E de Beaumont (AFN:HPT4-R2).
  
  === !Richard De clare, "Stronbow," b. ca. 11 ===
  !Richard De clare, "Stronbow," b. ca. 1130, d. ca. 20 Apr. 1176, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland; m. at Waterford, Ireland ca. 26 Aug. 1171, Aoife (or Eve), living 1186, dau. of Dairmait Macmurchada (Also called Dermot MacMurrough), King of Leinster in Ireland. "Haec jacet Ricarduo Strongbow, filius Gilberti, Comitis de Pembroke." GS in the chapter house, Gloucester Cathedral. Ref: (CP I 22; IV 670 chart III; V 736; IX 590; X 352-357).
  
  === Earl of Pembroke 1136-1149 Lord of Nethe ===
  Earl of Pembroke 1136-1149 Lord of Netherwent 1138-1149
  
  === !#21> Complete Peerage-v2-p387*,-v3-p243 ===
  !#21> Complete Peerage-v2-p387*,-v3-p243fn(d),-v5-p695,-v6-p501fn(f), -v10-p352-357*, (FHL 942 D22cok); !AF: BAPT-END> AFN:91SFH7; !KIN> s & h; TITLE> called himself (rightly or wrongly) Earl of Buckingham - & was generally considered to be so; NICKNAME> nickname probably "Strongbow"; DEATH> 5 or 26 Apr 1176;
  
  === !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain Ame ===
  !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700, by Frederick Lewis Weis, 7th Ed, With Additions and Corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr., (1992) 66-26.
  
  === !SOURCES: Royal Ancestors of Magna Cart ===
  !SOURCES: Royal Ancestors of Magna Carta Barons; pg. 65 NOTES: Called "Strongbow" 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of uckingham, Justiciar of Ireland
  
  === He ws the 2ND EARL OF PEMBROKE, EARL OF ===
  He ws the 2ND EARL OF PEMBROKE, EARL OF STRIGUIL, JUSTICIAR OF IRELAND RICHARD HAD THE CHRIST CHURCH CATHEDRAL IN DUBLIN REBUILT IN STONEAFTER 1169 FOR THE LAURENCE O'TOOLE, ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN. THERE IS AMEMORIAL IN THE CATHEDRAL NAVE FOR RICHARD SOURCE--ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF CERTAIN AMERICAN COLONISTS WHO CAME TOAMERICA BEFORE 1700, SEVENTH EDITION, COPYRIGHT 1995, PAGE 69
  
  === http://www.castlewales.com/strngbow.html ===
  http://www.castlewales.com/strngbow.html Strongbow's father was Gilbert fitz Gilbert de Clare, lord of Orbec and Bienfaite, lord of Striguil (Chepstow), and earl of Pembroke. Gilbert was a younger son of Gilbert fitz Richard de Clare, earl of Tonbridge and Clare and lord of Ceredigion, the Marcher lordship of Cardigan. Strongbow's mother was Isabel (Elizabeth) de Beaumont, sister to Robert earl of Leicester and Waleran count of Meulan. Isabel had been the youngest mistress of King Henry I, and their liaison resulted in a natural daughter, Isabel (Elizabeth), born c.1129/30. When Isabel de Beaumont married Gilbert in 1130, she took this daughter with her. Strongbow was born before the end of 1130; thus he was raised with the natural half-sister of the Empress Matilda. There has been debate about the name "Strongbow" ascribed to both Richard and his father Gilbert. In a charter in The Chronicle of Melrose issued by Richard's grandson, Richard Marshal, both Richard and Gilbert de Clare are named as "Strongbow". The men of Netherwent (Gwent) were known for their skill and use of an unusually long and strong bow; both Gilbert and Richard held the lordship of Netherwent. Since Gilbert de Clare's seal shows him holding a long arrow in his right hand, historians assume that the ability and skill to use this type of bow earned both Richard and his father Gilbert their nicknames. Right: a view of the Garrison Tower at Usk Castle Strongbow's father, grandfather, uncles and great-uncles were men favored by both King Henry I and King Stephen. On the death of Roger de Clare without legal heirs in 1130, King Henry I granted Gilbert de Clare his lands of Orbec and Bienfaite in Normandy. With the death of King Henry I in 1135, Strongbow's father, Gilbert, supported Stephen as king, and was an active military commander for Stephen during the "anarchy". When Gilbert's uncle Walter de Clare died in 1138, King Stephen granted Gilbert the lordship of Netherwent, including the castles of Chepstow and Usk. Stephen also granted Gilbert the comital title and lands of the earldom of Pembroke the same year. Gilbert and Strongbow supported King Stephen against Matilda until c.1146. In 1146 King Stephen held Gilbert fitz Richard de Clare, earl of Hertford, as a hostage for the "good behavior" of his uncle Ranulf, earl of Chester. (This Gilbert was also the nephew of Gilbert, earl of Pembroke.) When Ranulf changed sides and began to support the Empress Matilda, King Stephen forced Earl Gilbert of Hertford to surrender his castles and lands. This action immediately drove Gilbert to support Matilda, along with his uncle Earl Ranulf. Stephen, in anticipation of Earl Gilbert of Pembroke following his nephew, took the earl's lands and castles. This enraged the earl of Pembroke so that he also changed sides, following his nephew to the side of Empress Matilda and taking his sixteen-year old son, Richard, with him. Below: an artist's conception of how Chepstow Castle may have appeared at this time. Gilbert earl of Pembroke died circa 1148, and at the age of eighteen, Strongbow inherited all of his father's lands, including Orbec and Bienfaite in Normandy, the lordship of Striguil and the earldom of Pembroke. Strongbow first appears in official records as "comes de Penbroc" in the Treaty of Westminster, November 1, 1153, but this is the last occasion in any royal document that Strongbow signs as earl of Pembroke. From this point in extant records, Strongbow signs his name as "comes de Striguil" or "comes Richardus". The records indicate that King Henry II refused to recognize Richard's right to the title and lands of Pembroke. The title of earl and the earldom of Pembroke did not come back into Richard's family until after the marriage of his sole heir, Isabel de Clare, to William Marshal in 1189. It was King John who "belted" William Marshal in 1199 creating him earl of Pembroke. Historians have proposed different answers to the question of why King Henry II refus ed to recognize Richard's right to the title and lands of Pembroke. Some have believed that Henry did not trust Richard de Clare, or blamed him for holding too long to the cause of King Stephen. Some historians have stated that Henry II was determined to not recognize any claim to land based on tenure granted during the anarchy. The answer to this question may never be discovered, but the results of Henry's actions definitely contributed to Strongbow's reasons for accepting the offer of Dermot MacMurchada, king of Leinster. With King Henry denying Strongbow the title and lands of the earldom of Pembroke, and Strongbow finding himself in debt to Aaron the Jew of Lincoln, Dermot's proposal was a chance to reclaim fortune and glory. Right: Tomb effigy at St. Davids said to be Rhys ap Gruffydd Dermot MacMurchada, king of Leinster, had been deposed in Ireland, and he went to Henry II in 1168 to seek aid in reclaiming his kingdom. According to Gerald of Wales, Henry II issued a writ telling the men who held of him in any of his lands that they were free to aid Dermot in his quest. Dermot proceeded to Bristol to seek men, and he found them. Dermot offered Strongbow his daughter Eve (Aoife) in marriage as well as the kingdom of Leinster on Dermot's death, if Strongbow helped Dermot regain his kingdom. [For a complete discussion of the legality of this offer by Dermot, please see M. T. Flanagan's Irish Society, Anglo-Norman Settlers and Angevin Kingship included in the bibliography.] The Anglo-Normans who participated in the invasion of Ireland with Strongbow were an inter-connected group of men. These men were bound together by family, land and fealty; many tied to Wales by family and fiefs. They were men used to war and trained to take and defend frontier lands. Many had fought for King Henry in the Welsh wars of 1164/65 and lost their lands and/or their office as a result of Rhys ap Gruffydd's successes. Maurice and William fitz Gerald, Meiler fitz Henry, Robert fitz Step hen and Raymond le Gros were all related through Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr of Deheubarth. Hervey de Montmorency and Robert de Quinci were tied by blood and/or land to the de Clares. The first contingent arrived in Ireland in May 1169; and with Dermot, who met them at Bannow, they took the city of Wexford. In May 1170 Raymond le Gros arrived, followed by Strongbow in August. Strongbow had collected men from Striguil, Gowerland and Haverfordwest, and he arrived at Waterford with 200 men-at-arms, and about one thousand archers. They met Dermot and the other Anglo-Normans and took Waterford on St Bartholomew's Eve (August 28, 1170). Strongbow and Eve were married in the Cathedral of Waterford, and after the marriage, the army immediately moved toward Dublin arriving September 21, 1170. They came with over 3000 Anglo-Normans and some 1000 Irish troops. While the city leaders were negotiating with Dermot and Strongbow through archbishop Lawrence O' Toole, Roderick (Rory) O'Connor withdrew his army and left the field. A small group of the besiegers broke the truce and took the city, causing Asgall Mac Torquil to take to his ships and flee to the Scottish Isles. After the capture of Dublin, King Henry II, perhaps seeing the possibility of palatine lordships in Ireland, issued a writ. This writ ordered that no ships from any of the lands subject to Henry II could carry men or supplies to Ireland and that all of "his" men who had gone to Ireland must return by Easter (March 28,1171) or risk forfeiture of their lands. Dermot MacMurchada had died at Ferns in May 1171, and Strongbow had assumed the kingship of Leinster in right of his wife. Perhaps in reaction to Strongbow's action and the forays of Anglo-Normans into other Irish kingdoms, Roderick O' Connor, Domnall Mor O Brien of Munster and Magnus MacDunleavy gathered an army and besieged the city of Dublin. Strongbow, de Cogan and their men were trapped inside the city. When O' Connor would not accept Strongbow's offe r to hold Leinster and all of his conquered lands in Ireland of O' Connor as high king, Strongbow sent 600 of his men out from Dublin to attack O' Connor's camp at Castleknock. The success of this strategy confused and routed the entire Irish army and freed Dublin. Strongbow then turned to the problem of Henry and his writ and sent his uncle Hervey to King Henry II. Hervey returned and urged his nephew to go in person. Strongbow crossed over to England and met King Henry at Newnham in Gloucestershire (or at Pembroke as Henry was preparing to depart for Ireland according to Robert of Torigny). Strongbow and Henry settled their differences, with Strongbow giving up Dublin and all its adjacent lands, the maritime towns and castles to Henry. The rest of the lands that Strongbow held by conquest and marriage he gave to Henry and received them back as lands-in-chief of the king and his heirs. Henry II also acknowledged Strongbow's comital status, though not his right to Pembroke, and from this point Strongbow signed his name as 'comes Richardus' or 'comes de Strigoil'. On October 18, 1171, Henry arrived in Waterford with 400 ships, 500 knights, 4000 men-at-arms and several thousand archers. With Henry were his own familiares and men of his household, including William fitz Audelin, Hugh de Lacy, Robert fitz Bernard, Philip de Braose, and Bertrum de Verdun. Henry placed Waterford in the custody of Robert fitz Bernard, and then he proceeded to Dublin taking the fealty and oaths of the kings of Cork, Limerick, and Ossory on his way. Henry spent Christmas at Dublin, organized the synod at Cashel for the ecclesiastical reform demanded by the Pope, and left on February 2, 1172 to return to Wexford. Between March 26 and April 16, 1172, Henry II moved to protect the royal interests in Ireland and limit Strongbow's power. He placed the city and land of Dublin in the custody of Hugh de Lacy and created Hugh lord of Meath. He gave the custody of Waterford and Wexford to Robert f
  
  === 1. Richard de Clare, surnamed Strongbow ===
  1. Richard de Clare, surnamed Strongbow, so celebrated for his conquest of Ireland. He was the 2nd Earl of Clare and the 2nd Earl of Pembroke, a statesman of renown. He "died untimely upon the nones of April, anno 1176." He was buried in the Cathedral Church of Dublin, where his effigy and that of his wife may be seen. He married Eva McMurrough of Leinster, daughter of Dermont McMurrough, King of Leinster, Ireland. Dermont McMurrough sought the aid of Richard de Clare against Roderick, King of Connaught, and in 1270 gave him his daughter Eva in Marriage. She, who died in 1177, was descended from King Oilliol, who died in 526. See elsewhere for this ancestral lineage in Volume I. Strongbow drove Roderick out of Waterford and Dublin, whereupon King Henry II. through jealousy deprived him of all his titles and he kept only Kildare, but was later reinstated in Leinster. He was later made Justice of Ireland, which he had helped to conquer. They had a daughter as follows:

• m. 26 AUG 1170 in Diocese of Dublin, Leinster, Ireland

1. Isabel de Clare, b. ABT 1172     d. 11 MAR 1220 in Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales
2. Joan de Clare, b. ABT 1176 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales     d. 1220
3. Matilda de Clare, b. 1165 in Bramber, Sussex,, England     d. 1219 in ,,, England

1. Title: Richard Strongbow de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, in Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 1, pg. ix [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 1, pg. ix
   Note: Richard Strongbow de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, in Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 1, pg. ix [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Richard Strongbow de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, in Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol. 1, pg. ix [See document in the Memories section]
   
2. Title: England A. K. vol 3 p. 2-7, B.kG. 4 p. 162
   Author: England A. K. vol 3 p. 2-7, B.kG. 4 p. 162 .
   Page: Family Records
   
3. Title: The Clare Family in Cokany's Complete Peerage, Vol. 2, pg. 267 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Cokany's Complete Peerage, Vol. 2, pg. 267
   Note: The Clare Family in Cokany's Complete Peerage, Vol. 2, pg. 267 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: The Clare Family in Cokany's Complete Peerage, Vol. 2, pg. 267 [See document in the Memories section]
   
4. Title: Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1130-1176), Wikipedia
   Author: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke;
   Note: Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (of the first creation), Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland (1130 – 20 April 1176), also known as Richard FitzGilbert, was an Anglo-Norman[1] nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard fitz Gilbert has since become commonly known by his nickname Strongbow (Norman French: Arc-Fort), which may be a mis-transcription or mistranslation of "Striguil". Richard was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Beaumont. Richard's father died in about 1148, when he was roughly 18 years old, and Richard inherited the title 'count of Strigoil' Earl of Pembroke. By an unknown mistress, Richard de Clare fathered two daughters. On about 26 August 1171 in Reginald's Tower, Waterford, Richard de Clare married MacMurrough's daughter, Aoife MacMurrough (anglicised as "Eva"). Richard de Clare died in June 1176 of some type of infection in his leg or foot. He was buried in Holy Trinity Church in Dublin. Richard de Clare was first interred in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral where an alleged effigy can be viewed. Richard de Clare's actual tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. There is little evidence to support the tradition that he was buried either in St Edan's Cathedral, Ferns, Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford or Dominican priory, Kilkenny.
   Page: Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke in Wikipedia ~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke [See document in the Memories section]
   
5. Title: Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1130-1176), The Peerage
   Author: https://www.thepeerage.com/p10466.htm#i104656
   Publication: Name: https://www.thepeerage.com/p10466.htm#i104656;
   Note: Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke was born circa 1130.2 He was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabella of Meulan.2 He married Aoife MacMorrough, daughter of Dermot MacMorrough, King of Leinster, circa 26 August 1171. He died on 20 April 1176, without surviving male issue.3 Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke also went by the nick-name of Richard 'Strongbow'.3 He was styled as Earl of Buckingham.3 He succeeded as the 2nd Earl of Pembroke [E., c. 1138] in 1149.1 He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.4 Children of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke and Aoife MacMorrough: Isabella de Clare, Countess of Pembroke+ d. 1220 Gilbert Clare5 b. 1173, d. c 1186
   
6. Title: Pedigree of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare in the Annuals of Chepstow Castle, pg. 266 [See document in the memories section]
   Author: Annuals of Chepstow Castle, pg. 266
   Note: Pedigree of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare in the Annuals of Chepstow Castle, pg. 266 [See document in the memories section]
   Page: Pedigree of Richard FitzGilbert de Clare in the Annuals of Chepstow Castle, pg. 266 [See document in the memories section]
   
7. Title: The Book of Tyrrell
   Author: The Book of Tyrrell , Chart II, Pages 91, 92.
   
8. Title: Richard de Clare (1130-1176), "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1DMP : 16 December 2020), Strongbow, ; Burial, Dublin, , County Dublin, Ireland, Christ Church Cathedral; citing record ID 5887495, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1DMP;
   Note: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5887495/richard-de_clare Richard “Strongbow” de Clare Famous memorial BIRTH 1130 Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Malling Borough, Kent, England DEATH 5 Apr 1176 (aged 45–46) Dublin, County Dublin, Ireland BURIAL Christ Church Cathedral Dublin, County Dublin, Ireland MEMORIAL ID 5887495 Born Richard FitzGilbert de Clare, the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabella. He succeeded upon his father's death about 1148. After de Clare's capture of Waterford, he married King Diarmuid's daughter, Aoife. de Clare was popularly known as Strongbow.
   
9. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Richard "Strongbow" FitzGilbert de Clare Earl of Pembroke -
   Author: Royal Index, University of Hull, England, Internet, Internet, www.dcs.hull.ac.uk
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2332880681
   
10. Title: Gilbert and Richard de Clare in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm;
    Note: Earls of Pembroke in Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Earls of Pembroke in Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm [See document in the Memories section]
    
11. Title: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, in Archeologia Cambrensis , 1991 Vol. 4, Appendix I [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Archeologia Cambrensis , 1991 Vol. 4, Appendix I
    Note: Archeologia Cambrensis , 1991 Vol. 4, Appendix I
    Page: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, in Archeologia Cambrensis , 1991 Vol. 4, Appendix I [See document in the Memories section]
    
12. Title: William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, in Archeologia Cambrensis, 1991 Vol. 4, Pg. 93 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Archeologia Cambrensis, 1991 Vol. 4, Pg. 93
    Note: William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, in Archeologia Cambrensis, 1991 Vol. 4, Pg. 93 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, in Archeologia Cambrensis, 1991 Vol. 4, Pg. 93 [See document in the Memories section]
    
13. Title: Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22
    Page: Added from Ancestry.com
    
14. Title: Ireland 6 p. 47; Wales A 3 Series vol 6, p. 189
    Author: Ireland 6 p. 47; Wales A 3 Series vol 6, p. 189 .
    Page: Family Records
    
15. Title: William de Burgh (William FitzAdelme) in O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees, Vol. 1, pgs. 811-812 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees, Vol. 1, pgs. 811-812
    Note: William de Burgh (William FitzAdelme) in O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees, Vol. 1, pgs. 811-812 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: William de Burgh (William FitzAdelme) in O'Hart's Irish Pedigrees, Vol. 1, pgs. 811-812 [See document in the Memories section]
    
16. Title: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, from Annuals and Antiquities, vol. 2, page 867 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Annuals and Antiquities, vol. 2, page 867
    Note: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, from Annuals and Antiquities, vol. 2, page 867 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, from Annuals and Antiquities, vol. 2, page 867 [See document in the Memories section]
    
17. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: RICHARD de Clare "Strongbow"
    Note: Earl Gilbert & his wife had two children: 1. RICHARD de Clare "Strongbow" ([1130]-Dublin 20 Apr 1176, bur Dublin, Holy Trinity). Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Giselbertus filius Gisleberti" married “sororem Waleranni comitis Mellenti...Elizabeth” by whom he had “filium primogenitum...Richardum.” He succeeded his father in 1148 or 1149 as Earl of Pembroke. In [1168], he promised Dermot King of Leinster to help him recover his kingdom in return for the hand of his daughter and eventual succession to the crown. He landed near Waterford 23 Aug 1170, and marched to Dublin. He acceded to the demand of King Henry II to surrender his Irish conquests to him and was granted Leinster in fee. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richardus comes de Streguel filius comitis Gisleberti" leaving "parvulum filium ex filia regis Duvelinæ." The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1175 of "comes Ricardus filius Gilberti," another passage recording his death in Ireland in 1177 and his burial "apud Dulin." m (Waterford [26 Aug 1171]) AOIFE [Eve] of Leinster, daughter of DERMOT MacMurrough King of Leinster & his wife [Mor ---] (-after 1189). The Annales Cambriæ record that "Ricardus comes de Striguil" invaded Ireland in 1171 and married "filiam Diermit regis." She was styled Countess of Ireland in 1185, but Countess of Strigoil in 1186. Earl Richard & his wife had two children: a) GILBERT (1173-[1185/86]). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richardus comes de Streguel filius comitis Gisleberti" leaving "parvulum filium ex filia regis Duvelinæ"[1479]. He succeeded his father in 1176 as Earl of Pembroke, but was never invested with the earldom. b) ISABEL (-1220, bur Tintern Abbey). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 22 Mar 1222 under which “Willielmus mareschallus Angliæ, comes Penbrochiæ” founded Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, for the souls of ”bonæ memoriæ Walteri filii Ricardi filii Gilberti Strongbowe avi mei, et Willelmi Marescalli patris mei, et Ysabellæ matris meæ,” although the identify of “Walteri” in this document is unclear. m (London Aug 1189) WILLIAM Marshal, son of JOHN FitzGilbert "the Marshal" & his second wife Sibyl de Salisbury (-Caversham 14 May 1219, bur London, Temple Church). He was invested as Earl of Pembroke 27 May 1199 by King John. Earl Richard had two illegitimate children: c) daughter . Regan’s "Song of Dermot and the Earl" records that "Richard the renowned earl went to the city of Ferns" and "married his daughter to Robert de Quency." m (1171) ROBERT de Quenci Constable of Leinster, son of --- (-killed in battle Offaly 1171 or after). d) ALINE . The Expugnatio Hibernica records the marriage between "Mauricio filio Guillelmo comes" and "Alinam filiam suam [Richardi]." m (1174) WILLIAM FitzMaurice Baron of Naas, son of MAURICE FitzGerald & his first wife --- (-[1199]). 2. BASILIA . The Expugnatio Hibernica records the marriage at Dublin between "Reimundus" and "sorore mea [Ricardi] Basiliam" [in 1174]. The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified. m firstly (1174) RAYMOND FitzGerald "the Fat" Constable of Leinster, son of ---. m secondly as his first wife, GEOFFREY FitzRobert Lord of Kells, Steward of Leinster, son of --- (-1211).
    
18. Title: Gilbert de Clare and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, in The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fagod, pg 100-101 [See document in the memories section]
    Author: The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fagod, pg 100-101
    Note: Gilbert de Clare and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, in The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fagod, pg 100-101 [See document in the memories section]
    Page: Gilbert de Clare and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, in The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fagod, pg 100-101 [See document in the memories section]
    
19. Title: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke in Archeologia Cambrensis, 1991 Vol. 4, Pg. 93 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Archeologia Cambrensis, 1991 Vol. 4, Pg. 93
    Note: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke in Archeologia Cambrensis, 1991 Vol. 4, Pg. 93 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke in Archeologia Cambrensis, 1991 Vol. 4, Pg. 93 [See document in the Memories section]
    
20. Title: The Medieval Lands Project, "RICHARD de Clare"
    Author: fmg.ac
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#RichardClarePembrokedied1176;
    Note: RICHARD de Clare "Strongbow" ([1130]-Dublin 20 Apr 1176, bur Dublin, Holy Trinity). Guillaume de Jumièges records that "Giselbertus filius Gisleberti" married “sororem Waleranni comitis Mellenti...Elizabeth” by whom he had “filium primogenitum...Richardum”[1471]. He succeeded his father in 1148 or 1149 as Earl of Pembroke. In [1168], he promised Dermot King of Leinster to help him recover his kingdom in return for the hand of his daughter and eventual succession to the crown. He landed near Waterford 23 Aug 1170, and marched to Dublin. He acceded to the demand of King Henry II to surrender his Irish conquests to him and was granted Leinster in fee[1472]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richardus comes de Streguel filius comitis Gisleberti" leaving "parvulum filium ex filia regis Duvelinæ"[1473]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1175 of "comes Ricardus filius Gilberti", another passage recording his death in Ireland in 1177 and his burial "apud Dulin"[1474]. m (Waterford [26 Aug 1171]) AOIFE [Eve] of Leinster, daughter of DERMOT MacMurrough King of Leinster & his wife [Mor ---] (-after 1189). The Annales Cambriæ record that "Ricardus comes de Striguil" invaded Ireland in 1171 and married "filiam Diermit regis"[1475]. She was styled Countess of Ireland in 1185, but Countess of Strigoil in 1186[1476]. Earl Richard & his wife had two children: a) GILBERT (1173-[1185/86]). Robert of Torigny records the death in 1176 of "Richardus comes de Streguel filius comitis Gisleberti" leaving "parvulum filium ex filia regis Duvelinæ"[1477]. He succeeded his father in 1176 as Earl of Pembroke, but was never invested with the earldom. b) ISABEL (-1220, bur Tintern Abbey). Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by the charter dated 22 Mar 1222 under which “Willielmus mareschallus Angliæ, comes Penbrochiæ” founded Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire, for the souls of ”bonæ memoriæ Walteri filii Ricardi filii Gilberti Strongbowe avi mei, et Willelmi Marescalli patris mei, et Ysabellæ matris meæ”[1478], although the identify of “Walteri” in this document is unclear. m (London Aug 1189) WILLIAM Marshal, son of JOHN FitzGilbert "the Marshal" & his second wife Sibyl de Salisbury ([1146]-Caversham 14 May 1219, bur London, Temple Church). He was invested as Earl of Pembroke 27 May 1199 by King John. Earl Richard had two illegitimate children: c) daughter . Regan’s "Song of Dermot and the Earl" records that "Richard the renowned earl went to the city of Ferns" and "married his daughter to Robert de Quency"[1479]. m (1171) ROBERT de Quenci Constable of Leinster, son of --- (-killed in battle Offaly 1171 or after). d) ALINE . The Expugnatio Hibernica records the marriage between "Mauricio filio Guillelmo comes" and "Alinam filiam suam [Richardi]"[1480]. m (1174) WILLIAM FitzMaurice Baron of Naas, son of MAURICE FitzGerald & his first wife --- (-[1199]).
    
21. Title: Wikiwand: Earl of Pembroke
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Earl_of_Pembroke;
    Note: The Earldom of Pembroke (Welsh: Iarllaeth Penfro) is a title in the Peerage of England that was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England. The title, which is associated with Pembroke, Pembrokeshire in West Wales, has been recreated ten times from its original inception. With each creation beginning with a new first Earl, the original seat of Pembroke Castle is no longer attached to the title. The current holder of the earldom is William Herbert, 18th Earl of Pembroke, which is the 10th creation of the title. For the past 400 years, his family's seat has been Wilton House, Wiltshire. Since 1605, the Earls of Pembroke have also held the title Earl of Montgomery. This was created for the younger son of Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke before he succeeded as the 4th Earl in 1630. The current Earls of Pembroke also carry the subsidiary titles: Baron Herbert of Cardiff, of Cardiff in the County of Glamorgan (1551), Baron Herbert of Shurland, of Shurland in the Isle of Sheppey in the County of Kent (1605), and Baron Herbert of Lea, of Lea in the County of Wilts (1861). All are in the Peerage of England except the Barony of Herbert of Lea, which is in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. On 1 September 1532, King Henry VIII created the original Marquessate of Pembroke for his future queen Anne Boleyn. This honour was in recognition of the king's great-uncle Jasper Tudor, who had been the Earl of Pembroke in the 15th century, and his own father, Henry VII who was born at Pembroke Castle in January 1457. History The title of Earl of Pembroke has been held successively by several English families, the jurisdiction and dignity being originally attached to the county palatine of Pembrokeshire. The first creation dates from 1138, when the Earldom of Pembroke was conferred by King Stephen on Gilbert de Clare (died 1148), son of Gilbert Fitz-Richard, who possessed the Lordship of Strigul (Estrighoiel, in Domesday Book), the modern Chepstow. In the Battle of Lincoln (1141), the Earl fought on the side of King Stephen. After the king's defeat however, he joined the party of the Empress Matilda. Later he became reconciled to Stephen when he recovered his throne. The earl married Henry I's mistress, Isabel, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester. That being said, Arnulf de Montgomery was likely created Earl of Pembroke by William Rufus, decades before Gilbert de Clare. Arnulf himself was rewarded by the king with lordship of Pembroke upon his family's construction of Pembroke Castle in the late 11th century. The first creation: de Clare (1138) Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1100–1147) Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1130–1176) Gilbert de Striguil, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1173–1185) Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke (1172–1220) Like his father, Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare (commonly known as Strongbow) was a supporter of Stephen, King of England - the last Norman king of England. His opposition to the claims of the French House of Anjou alienated him from the affections of Henry II of England. As a result, on his father's death in 1148, it seems likely that the king refused to recognise Richard's claims to the earldom of Pembroke. His claim to the lesser lordship of Striguil does not seem to have been challenged. Being effectively disinherited by the king (for the first but not the last time in his life) and with mounting debts, Richard welcomed the opportunity to restore his fortunes that presented itself in 1168. In that year, he was chosen to lead a Norman expedition to Ireland in support of Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster. The Lord of Striguil crossed over in person in 1170, took both Waterford and Dublin, and was married to Diarmuid's daughter, Aoife MacMurrough, claiming the Kingship of Leinster after Diarmuid's death in 1171. Henry II, wary of his power, stripped Strongbow of his new holdings the same year and invaded Ireland himself in 1171, putting his people in power. Strongbow returned to favour and power in Ireland, in 1173 when he aided the King in his campaign against his rebelling sons. He died in 1176 after years of bitter struggle with Irish magnates. Strongbow died with male issue - Gilbert. However, Gilbert, being a minor, was not formally invested with either the earldom of Pembroke or of Striguil. It is unlikely that his father could have passed on title to Pembroke as he himself did not possess it. When Gilbert died in 1185, his sister Isabel de Clare became Countess of Pembroke in her own right (suo jure) until her death in 1220. In this way, she could be said to be the first successor to the earldom of Pembroke since her grandfather Gilbert, the first earl. By this reckoning, Isabel ought to be called the second countess, not the fourth countess of Pembroke. In any event, the title Earl was re-created for her husband as her consort, the famous Sir William Marshal, son of John the Marshal, by Sibylle, the sister of Patrick, Earl of Salisbury. The second creation: Marshal (1199) William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146–1219) William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1190–1231) Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (c. 1191 – 1234) Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke (died 1241) Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke (c. 1199 – 1245) Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke (died 1245) In August 1189, at the age of 43, William Marshal, held by many to be the greatest knight in Christendom, was given the hand of Isabel de Clare, and, in 1199, was created the 1st Earl of Pembroke by King John. Although he had previously served Richard's father, Henry II, against Richard's rebellions, Richard confirmed the old King's licence for his marriage with the heiress of Strigul and Pembroke. He served Richard and John loyally, defending the latter against the French and English rebel barons in the First Barons' War. He was present at the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215. Upon John's death in 1216, the seventy-year-old Marshal was named Regent of the kingdom and protector of the young King, Henry III. He defeated the rebels and their French allies, and reissued the Magna Carta in order to secure the peace. He fell ill early in 1219, and died on 14 May at his manor of Caversham near Reading. He was succeeded in the regency by Hubert de Burgh, and in his Earldom by his five sons in succession. Marshal's eldest son, William Marshal (died 1231), 2nd Earl of Pembroke of this line, passed some years in warfare in Wales and Ireland, where he was justiciar from 1224 to 1226; he also served Henry III in France. His second wife was the King's sister, Eleanor, who later married Simon de Montfort, but he left no children. His brother Richard Marshal (died 1234), 3rd Earl, came to the fore as the leader of the baronial party, and chief antagonist of the foreign friends of Henry III. Fearing treachery, he refused to visit the King at Gloucester in August 1233, and Henry declared him a traitor. He crossed to Ireland, where Peter des Roches had instigated his enemies to attack him, and in April 1234, he was overpowered and wounded, and died a prisoner. His brother Gilbert (d. 1241), who became the 4th Earl, was a friend and ally of Richard, Earl of Cornwall. When another brother, Anselm, the 6th Earl, died in December 1245, the male descendants of the great Earl Marshal became extinct. The extensive family possessions were now divided among Anselm's five sisters and their descendants, the Earldom of Pembroke reverting to the Crown. The third creation: de Valence (1247) William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (c. 1225 – 1296) Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1270–1324) (extinct) The next holder of the lands of the Earldom of Pembroke was William de Valence, a younger son of Hugh de Lusignan, count of La Marche, by his marriage with Isabella of Angoulême, widow of the English King John. In 1247, William, along with two of his brothers, moved from France to England, where their half-brother, Henry III was King. The King married William to Joan de Munchensi (d. 1307), a granddaughter and heiress to the great William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke. Valence was granted custody of the lands, and the title of Earl of Pembroke, giving him great wealth and power in his new land. As a result, he was unpopular, and was heavily involved in the Second Barons' War, supporting the King and Prince Edward against the rebels led by Simon de Montfort. After the final defeat of the rebels at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, William continued to serve Henry III, and then Edward I, until his death in 1296. William's eldest surviving son, Aymer (c. 1265 – 1324), succeeded to his father's estates, but was not formally recognized as Earl of Pembroke until after the death of his mother Joan in 1307. He was appointed guardian of Scotland in 1306, but with the accession of Edward II to the throne and the consequent rise of Piers Gaveston to power, his influence declined. He became prominent among the discontented nobles, but in 1312, after the Earl of Warwick betrayed him by executing the captured Gaveston, he left the allied lords and joined the King. Valence was present at Bannockburn in 1314, and later helped King Edward defeat Thomas of Lancaster. However, by his death in 1324, he was again marginalized at court, and in financial trouble as well. His wife, Mary de Châtillon, a descendant of King Henry III, was the founder of Pembroke College, Cambridge. The fourth creation (1339): Hastings Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1318–1348) John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1347–1375) John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1372–1389) (extinct) Lawrence, a great-grandson of William de Valence was created, or recognized as, Earl of Pembroke, having inherited (through the female line) a portion of the estates of the Valence Earls of Pembroke. His son John (died 1376) married Margaret, daughter of King Edward III, and on the death without issue of his grandson in 1389, ....
    
22. Title: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, in Burke's A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, pgs. 120-121 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Burke's A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, pgs. 120-121
    Note: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, in Burke's A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, pgs. 120-121 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Gilbert and Richard de Clare, Earls of Pembroke, in Burke's A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, pgs. 120-121 [See document in the Memories section]
    
23. Title: William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 3, pg. 244-245 [See document in the memories section]
    Author: Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 3, pg. 244-245
    Note: William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 3, pg. 244-245 [See document in the memories section]
    Page: William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 3, pg. 244-245 [See document in the memories section]
    
24. Title: Ireland History on one clan
    Publication: Name: http://www.lurganancestry.com/mccanns.htm;
    
25. Title: The Clare Family in Burke's Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, pg. 118-120 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Burke's Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, pg. 118-120
    Note: The Clare Family in Burke's Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, pg. 118-120 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: The Clare Family in Burke's Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, pg. 118-120 [See document in the Memories section]
    
26. Title: Richard 'Strongbow' de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1130-1176), "Our Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner Ancestors"
    Author: https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p158.htm#i4742 Citations: 1. [S789] Unknown author, The Royal Descents of 500 Immigrants, by Gary Boyd Roberts, p. 421; Europaische Stammtafeln by Isenburg, chart 156, Vol. 3. 2. [S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 200-201. 6. [S6] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry: 2nd Edition, Vol. I, p. 566-567. 7. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 363-364. see URL for other sources
    Publication: Name: https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p158.htm#i4742;
    Note: Richard 'Strongbow' de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland, Lord Netherwent, Lord Leicester, Lord of Bienfaite & Orbec in Normandy [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] Last Edited 4 Apr 2020 M, #4742, b. circa 1130, d. 5 April 1176 Father Gilbert FitzGilbert de Clare, 2nd Lord Clare, Earl of Pembroke17 b. 1100, d. 6 Jan 1148 Mother Isabel Beaumont17 b. c 1100 Richard 'Strongbow' de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland, Lord Netherwent, Lord Leicester, Lord of Bienfaite & Orbec in Normandy was born circa 1130 at of Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales, England.14 He married Eva Murchada, daughter of Dermod na Gall MacMorough, 58th Christian King of Leinster and Mor O'Toole, circa 26 August 1171 at Waterford, Munster, Ireland; They had 1 son (Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke) & 1 daughter (Isabel, wife of Sir William Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke). He also had 2 illegitimate daughters ((Miss), wife of Robert de Quincy, Constable of Leinster; & Aline, wife of William FitzMaurice, Baron of Naas).13,14 Richard 'Strongbow' de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Striguil, Justiciar of Ireland, Lord Netherwent, Lord Leicester, Lord of Bienfaite & Orbec in Normandy died on 5 April 1176 at Dublin, Leinster, Ireland; Buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity (now Christ Church), Dublin.14 Family 1: Eva Murchada b. c 1140, d. a 1187 Children: Gilbert FitzRichard, 3rd Earl of Pembroke14 b. c 1173, d. bt 1185 - 1189 Isabel de Clare+2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 b. 1173, d. 7 Mar 1220 Family 2 Children: Basilie de Clare+14,18 Aline de Clare+19,14 b. c 1175
    
27. Title: Gilbert "Stongbow" de Clare in The Annuals of Chepstow Castle, pg. 55 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Annuals of Chepstow Castle, pg. 55
    Note: Gilbert "Stongbow" de Clare in The Annuals of Chepstow Castle, pg. 55 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Gilbert "Stongbow" de Clare in The Annuals of Chepstow Castle, pg. 55 [See document in the Memories section]
    
28. Title: Donnell (Donal) Mor in the Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, Vol. 2, pgs. 1175-1177 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, Vol. 2, pgs. 1175-1177
    Note: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, Vol. 2, pgs. 1175-1177
    Page: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, Vol. 2, pgs. 1175-1177