Geoffrey de Mandeville 1st Earl of Essex

• Preferred Name: Geoffrey de Mandeville 1st Earl of Essex^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]}
  
• Alternate Name: Geoffrey De Mandeville
  
• Alternate Name: Geoffrey De MANDEVILLE
  
• Gender: M
  
• Religion: Excommunicated with note: Denied burial in Walden Abbey, which he had founded; later buried in the Temple Church in London.
  
• Death: 14 SEP 1144
  
• Occupation: Sheriff of London, Middelsex, Essex and Herts
  
• Burial: SEP 1144 in Temple Church, London, Middlesex, England at LATI: N1.5116 LONG: E0.1086
  
• FSID: 9CZ3-WY5
  
• Occupation: Lord of the Manors of Great Waltham, Saffron, England
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 1st Earl of Essex
  
• Nickname:
  
• Occupation: Chief Justice of Essex
  
• Occupation: Custodian/Constable of the Tower of LondonABT 1141
  
• Death: 1144 in Suffolk, England
  
• Occupation: Sheriff of Essex appointed by Empress MatildaABT 1141 with note: Wikiwand
  
• Birth: 1091 in Rycott, Oxfordshire, England at LATI: N1.8574 LONG: E1.2935
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Geoffrey de Mandeville II, 1st Earl of Essex (died September 1144) was a prominent figure during the reign of King Stephen of England. His biographer, the 19th-century historian J. H. Round, called him "the most perfect and typical presentment of the feudal and anarchic spirit that stamps the reign of Stephen." That characterisation has been disputed since the later 20th century.
  
  He succeeded his father, William, sometime before 1129, possibly as early as 1116. A key portion of the family patrimony in Essex was in the King's hands. William had incurred a debt to the crown, perhaps in part due to a large fine levied by Henry I due to his displeasure at the escape of an important political prisoner when William was in charge of the Tower of London. The King also held the substantial estate of Geoffrey's maternal grandfather Eudo le Dapifer to which Geoffrey laid claim.
  
  Geoffrey gained Eudo's lands and his father's offices during the shifting tides of fortunes of the two competitors for the English throne after King Henry I's death in 1135. He initially supported Stephen, who sometime in 1140 (most likely May of that year) made him Earl of Essex. By 1140 or 1141 Stephen had returned to him the lucrative manors in Essex.
  
  He founded a Benedictine priory (later Walden Abbey) at Walden, Essex and constructed a castle there. He also contributed to Hurley Priory in Berkshire, which had been founded by his grandfather Geoffrey de Mandeville I.
  
  After the defeat and capture of Stephen at Lincoln early in 1141, Earl Geoffrey, like many barons, acknowledged Stephen's rival Empress Matilda as his sovereign lady. She confirmed his custody of the Tower, forgave the large debts his father had incurred to the crown, granted him the Norman lands of Eudo le Dapifer, and appointed him Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire, Middlesex and London.
  
  When Stephen was released in December of that year, Earl Geoffrey returned to his original allegiance. There has been much scholarly debate over the dating of the charters he received from King Stephen and Empress Matilda. Depending on the order and timing of those documents, either Geoffrey appears to have been playing off one against the other to get what he wanted or his support was courted by the rival claimants to the throne. The king arrested the earl in 1143 and, threatened with execution, Geoffrey surrendered his castles of Pleshey and Saffron Walden as well as custody of the Tower of London to Stephen. In reaction, Earl Geoffrey launched a rebellion .
  
  Outlaw activity and death
  In 1143-1144 Earl Geoffrey maintained himself as a rebel and a bandit in the fen-country, using the Isle of Ely and Ramsey Abbey as his headquarters. He was besieged by King Stephen and met his death at Burwell, Cambridgeshire in September 1144 in consequence of an arrow wound received in a skirmish. Because he had died excommunicate, his body initially was denied burial at the monastery he had founded, Walden Priory. Wrapped in lead, it was accepted eventually by the Templar community in London for burial within the Temple Church in London. His son Geoffrey III arranged for an effigy to be placed on the floor, where it can still be seen today.
  
  Significance
  His career is interesting for several reasons. The charters he received from King Stephen and Empress Matilda illustrate the ambitions of English barons. The most important concessions are grants of offices and jurisdictions, which had the effect of making Mandeville almost a viceroy with full powers in Essex and Hertfordshire, Middlesex and London, but these were based on offices and jurisdictions his ancestors had held. His career as an outlaw exemplifies the worst excesses of the civil wars of 1140-1147, and it is possible that the deeds of Mandeville inspired the rhetorical description of this period in the Peterborough Chronicle, when "men said openly that Christ and his saints were asleep." He had seized Ramsey Abbey (near Peterborough) in 1143, expelling the monks and using Ramsey as a base for forays into the surrounding region, sacking Cambridge and other smaller settlements.
  
  Marriage and offspring
  Geoffrey married Rohese de Vere (c. 1110-1167 or after), daughter of Aubrey de Vere II and sister of the first earl of Oxford.
  He had four sons:
  1. Arnulf/Ernulf de Mandeville, illegitimate, supported his father in rebellion and was exiled shortly after the earl's death. He returned to England, probably in the reign of King Henry II, and there witnessed several charters issued by his half brothers, the 2nd and 3rd earls of Essex.
  2. Geoffrey III, 2nd earl of Essex (d. 1166) By a fresh grant from Henry II he was created Earl of Essex.
  3. William II, 3rd earl of Essex and Count of Aumale (d. 1189)
  4. Robert (d. before 1189)
  **************************
  Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors
  Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London1,2
  Last Edited 4 Apr 2020
  M, #5039, b. before 1091, d. 14 September 1144
  Father William de Mandeville b. c 1062, d. b May 1116
  Mother Margaret de Rye b. c 1075
  Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London married Rohese de Vere, daughter of Aubrey II de Vere, Sheriff of London & Middlesex, Lord Hedington and Adeliza (Alice) de Clare; They had 4 sons (Ernulph of Highworth; Geoffrey, 2nd Earl of Essex; William, 3rd Earl of Essex; & Robert).2 Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London was born before 1091 at of Rycott, Oxfordshire, England. He died on 14 September 1144 at Mildenhall, Suffolk, England.2
  Family
  Rohese de Vere b. c 1109, d. a Oct 1166
  Children
  William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex3 d. 14 Nov 1189
  Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex d. 21 Oct 1166
  Robert de Mandeville d. b 14 Nov 1189
  Ernulf de Mandeville+ d. Apr 1178
  Maud de Mandeville+ b. c 1128
  
  BIO
  BIO: 1st Earl of Essex, Steward of Normandy by right of his mother.
  
  ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#GeoffreyMandevilleEssexdied1144B as of 8/8/2016
  
  GEOFFR
  === Life Sketch ===
  Geoffrey de Mandeville II, 1st Earl of Essex (died September 1144) was a prominent figure during the reign of King Stephen of England. His biographer, the 19th-century historian J. H. Round, called him "the most perfect and typical presentment of the feudal and anarchic spirit that stamps the reign of Stephen." That characterisation has been disputed since the later 20th century.
  
  He succeeded his father, William, sometime before 1129, possibly as early as 1116. A key portion of the family patrimony in Essex was in the King's hands. William had incurred a debt to the crown, perhaps in part due to a large fine levied by Henry I due to his displeasure at the escape of an important political prisoner when William was in charge of the Tower of London. The King also held the substantial estate of Geoffrey's maternal grandfather Eudo le Dapifer to which Geoffrey laid claim.
  
  Geoffrey gained Eudo's lands and his father's offices during the shifting tides of fortunes of the two competitors for the English throne after King Henry I's death in 1135. He initially supported Stephen, who sometime in 1140 (most likely May of that year) made him Earl of Essex. By 1140 or 1141 Stephen had returned to him the lucrative manors in Essex.
  
  He founded a Benedictine priory (later Walden Abbey) at Walden, Essex and constructed a castle there. He also contributed to Hurley Priory in Berkshire, which had been founded by his grandfather Geoffrey de Mandeville I.
  
  After the defeat and capture of Stephen at Lincoln early in 1141, Earl Geoffrey, like many barons, acknowledged Stephen's rival Empress Matilda as his sovereign lady. She confirmed his custody of the Tower, forgave the large debts his father had incurred to the crown, granted him the Norman lands of Eudo le Dapifer, and appointed him Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire, Middlesex and London.
  
  When Stephen was released in December of that year, Earl Geoffrey returned to his original allegiance. There has been much scholarly debate over the dating of the charters he received from King Stephen and Empress Matilda. Depending on the order and timing of those documents, either Geoffrey appears to have been playing off one against the other to get what he wanted or his support was courted by the rival claimants to the throne. The king arrested the earl in 1143 and, threatened with execution, Geoffrey surrendered his castles of Pleshey and Saffron Walden as well as custody of the Tower of London to Stephen. In reaction, Earl Geoffrey launched a rebellion .
  
  Outlaw activity and death
  In 1143–1144 Earl Geoffrey maintained himself as a rebel and a bandit in the fen-country, using the Isle of Ely and Ramsey Abbey as his headquarters. He was besieged by King Stephen and met his death at Burwell, Cambridgeshire in September 1144 in consequence of an arrow wound received in a skirmish. Because he had died excommunicate, his body initially was denied burial at the monastery he had founded, Walden Priory. Wrapped in lead, it was accepted eventually by the Templar community in London for burial within the Temple Church in London. His son Geoffrey III arranged for an effigy to be placed on the floor, where it can still be seen today.
  
  Significance
  His career is interesting for several reasons. The charters he received from King Stephen and Empress Matilda illustrate the ambitions of English barons. The most important concessions are grants of offices and jurisdictions, which had the effect of making Mandeville almost a viceroy with full powers in Essex and Hertfordshire, Middlesex and London, but these were based on offices and jurisdictions his ancestors had held. His career as an outlaw exemplifies the worst excesses of the civil wars of 1140–1147, and it is possible that the deeds of Mandeville inspired the rhetorical description of this period in the Peterborough Chronicle, when "men said openly that Christ and his saints were asleep." He had seized Ramsey Abbey (near Peterborough) in 1143, expelling the monks and using Ramsey as a base for forays into the surrounding region, sacking Cambridge and other smaller settlements.
  
  Marriage and offspring
  Geoffrey married Rohese de Vere (c. 1110–1167 or after), daughter of Aubrey de Vere II and sister of the first earl of Oxford.
  He had four sons:
  1. Arnulf/Ernulf de Mandeville, illegitimate, supported his father in rebellion and was exiled shortly after the earl's death. He returned to England, probably in the reign of King Henry II, and there witnessed several charters issued by his half brothers, the 2nd and 3rd earls of Essex.
  2. Geoffrey III, 2nd earl of Essex (d. 1166) By a fresh grant from Henry II he was created Earl of Essex.
  3. William II, 3rd earl of Essex and Count of Aumale (d. 1189)
  4. Robert (d. before 1189)
  **************************
  Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors
  Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London1,2
  Last Edited 4 Apr 2020
  M, #5039, b. before 1091, d. 14 September 1144
  Father William de Mandeville b. c 1062, d. b May 1116
  Mother Margaret de Rye b. c 1075
  Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London married Rohese de Vere, daughter of Aubrey II de Vere, Sheriff of London & Middlesex, Lord Hedington and Adeliza (Alice) de Clare; They had 4 sons (Ernulph of Highworth; Geoffrey, 2nd Earl of Essex; William, 3rd Earl of Essex; & Robert).2 Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London was born before 1091 at of Rycott, Oxfordshire, England. He died on 14 September 1144 at Mildenhall, Suffolk, England.2
  Family
  Rohese de Vere b. c 1109, d. a Oct 1166
  Children
  William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex3 d. 14 Nov 1189
  Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex d. 21 Oct 1166
  Robert de Mandeville d. b 14 Nov 1189
  Ernulf de Mandeville+ d. Apr 1178
  Maud de Mandeville+ b. c 1128
  
  BIO
  BIO: 1st Earl of Essex, Steward of Normandy by right of his mother.
  
  ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#GeoffreyMandevilleEssexdied1144B as of 8/8/2016
  
  GEOFFR

1. Maud de Mandeville, b. 1135 in Oxfordshire, England    

• m. ABT 1127

1. Goeffrey Godfried de Mandeville, b. 1124 in Great Waltham, Essex, England     d. 21 OCT 1166 in Essex, England
2. Ernaulf de Mandeville, b. 1140 in Highworth, Wiltshire, England     d. APR 1178 in Kingham, Oxfordshire, England

1. Title: Hubert de Rie in Bank's The Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England, pg. 166-167 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Bank's The Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England, pg. 166-167
   Note: Hubert de Rie in Bank's The Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England, pg. 166-167 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Hubert de Rie in Bank's The Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England, pg. 166-167 [See document in the Memories section]
   
2. Title: The Rie family in The Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 3, pgs. 71-74 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 3, pgs. 71-74
   Note: The Rie family in The Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 3, pgs. 71-74 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: The Rie family in The Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 3, pgs. 71-74 [See document in the Memories section]
   
3. Title: Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22
   Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/collections/1981/records/35097;
   
4. Title: Geoffrey de Mandeville, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1WJW : 8 August 2020), Geoffrey de Mandeville, ; Burial, London, City of London, Greater London, England, Temple Church; citing record ID 20080, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1WJW;
   
5. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Geoffrey de Mandeville - death: 4 September 1144;
   Author: #117
   Note: death: 4 September 1144; "The Plantagenet Encylopedia" edited by Elizabeth Hallam
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2044140817
   
6. Title: Geoffrey de Mandeville in The Conqueror and His Companions, Vol. 2, pg. 73-75 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The Conqueror and His Companions, Vol. 2, pg. 73-75
   Note: Geoffrey de Mandeville in The Conqueror and His Companions, Vol. 2, pg. 73-75 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Geoffrey de Mandeville in The Conqueror and His Companions, Vol. 2, pg. 73-75 [See document in the Memories section]
   
7. Title: Mandeville family in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#_Toc21106901 [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#_Toc21106901;
   Note: Mandeville family in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#_Toc21106901 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Mandeville family in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#_Toc21106901 [See document in the Memories section]
   
8. Title: Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, in the Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. 36, pg. 22-23 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. 36, pg. 22-23
   Note: Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, in the Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. 36, pg. 22-23 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, in the Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. 36, pg. 22-23 [See document in the Memories section]
   
9. Title: Wikiwand: Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Geoffrey_de_Mandeville,_1st_Earl_of_Essex;
   Note: Geoffrey de Mandeville II, 1st Earl of Essex (died September 1144) was a prominent figure during the reign of King Stephen of England. His biographer, the 19th-century historian J. H. Round, called him "the most perfect and typical presentment of the feudal and anarchic spirit that stamps the reign of Stephen." That characterization has been disputed since the later 20th century. Early career He succeeded his father, William, sometime before 1129, possibly as early as 1116. A key portion of the family patrimony in Essex was in the King's hands. William had incurred a debt to the crown, perhaps in part due to a large fine levied by Henry I due to his displeasure at the escape of an important political prisoner when William was in charge of the Tower of London. The King also held the substantial estate of Geoffrey's maternal grandfather Eudo le Dapifer to which Geoffrey laid claim. Geoffrey gained Eudo's lands and his father's offices during the shifting tides of fortunes of the two competitors for the English throne after King Henry I's death in 1135. He initially supported Stephen, who sometime in 1140 (most likely May of that year) made him Earl of Essex. By 1140 or 1141 Stephen had returned to him the lucrative manors in Essex. He founded a Benedictine priory (later Walden Abbey) at Walden, Essex and constructed a castle there. He also contributed to Hurley Priory in Berkshire, which had been founded by his grandfather Geoffrey de Mandeville I. After the defeat and capture of Stephen at Lincoln early in 1141, Earl Geoffrey, like many barons, acknowledged Stephen's rival Empress Matilda as his sovereign lady. She confirmed his custody of the Tower, forgave the large debts his father had incurred to the crown, granted him the Norman lands of Eudo le Dapifer, and appointed him Sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire, Middlesex and London. When Stephen was released in December of that year, Earl Geoffrey returned to his original allegiance. There has been much scholarly debate over the dating of the charters he received from King Stephen and Empress Matilda. Depending on the order and timing of those documents, either Geoffrey appears to have been playing off one against the other to get what he wanted or his support was courted by the rival claimants to the throne. The king arrested the earl in 1143 and, threatened with execution, Geoffrey surrendered his castles of Pleshey and Saffron Walden as well as custody of the Tower of London to Stephen. In reaction, Earl Geoffrey launched a rebellion . Outlaw activity and death In 1143-1144 Earl Geoffrey maintained himself as a rebel and a bandit in the fen-country, using the Isle of Ely and Ramsey Abbey as his headquarters. He was besieged by King Stephen and met his death at Burwell, Cambridgeshire in September 1144 in consequence of an arrow wound received in a skirmish. Because he had died excommunicate, his body initially was denied burial at the monastery he had founded, Walden Priory. Wrapped in lead, it was accepted eventually by the Templar community in London for burial within the Temple Church in London. His son Geoffrey III arranged for an effigy to be placed on the floor, where it can still be seen today. Significance His career is interesting for several reasons. The charters he received from King Stephen and Empress Matilda illustrate the ambitions of English barons. The most important concessions are grants of offices and jurisdictions, which had the effect of making Mandeville almost a viceroy with full powers in Essex and Hertfordshire, Middlesex and London, but these were based on offices and jurisdictions his ancestors had held. His career as an outlaw exemplifies the worst excesses of the civil wars of 1140-1147, and it is possible that the deeds of Mandeville inspired the rhetorical description of this period in the Peterborough Chronicle, when "men said openly that Christ and his saints were asleep." He had seized Ramsey Abbey (near Peterborough) in 1143, expelling the monks and using Ramsey as a base for forays into the surrounding region. Marriage and offspring Geoffrey married Rohese de Vere (c. 1110-1167 or after), daughter of Aubrey de Vere II and sister of the first earl of Oxford. He had four sons: Arnulf/Ernulf de Mandeville, illegitimate, supported his father in rebellion and was exiled shortly after the earl's death. He returned to England, probably in the reign of King Henry II, and there witnessed several charters issued by his half brothers, the 2nd and 3rd earls of Essex.[1] Geoffrey III, 2nd earl of Essex (d. 1166) By a fresh grant from Henry II he was created Earl of Essex. William II, 3rd earl of Essex and Count of Aumale (d. 1189) Robert (d. before 1189) Historical fiction An account of Geoffrey's outlaw actions and the taking of the Ramsey Abbey provides for elements of the backstory for two of Ellis Peters' "Brother Cadfael" books, The Potter's Field and The Holy Thief. In his 1969 novel Knight in Anarchy, George Shipway describes the life of Humphrey de Visdelou as he follows de Mandeville to his doom.
   
10. Title: The Rie family in Dugdale’s The Baronage of England, pg. 109-110 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Dugdale’s The Baronage of England, pg. 109-110
    Note: The Rie family in Dugdale’s The Baronage of England, pg. 109-110 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: The Rie family in Dugdale’s The Baronage of England, pg. 109-110 [See document in the Memories section]
    
11. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
    Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/6770448;
    
12. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: GEOFFREY de Mandeville, son of WILLIAM de Mandeville & his wife [Margaret de Rie]
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#GeoffreyMandevilleEssexdied1144B;
    Note: GEOFFREY de Mandeville, son of WILLIAM de Mandeville & his wife [Margaret de Rie] ([1100/05]-Mildenhall, Suffolk 14 or 16 Sep 1144, bur 1163 New Temple Church). The Genealogia Fundatoris of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire names “Gaufridi filii comitis Essexiæ et iure matris Normanniæ dapifer” as son of “Willielmo de Mandavill” and his wife “Margareta.” The 1130 Pipe Roll records "Gaufr de Manevilla" in Oxfordshire. King Stephen created him Earl of Essex by charter at Westminster [Jun/Dec] 1140. He deserted the king after the battle of Lincoln in Feb 1141, and obtained another charter of the earldom of Essex from Empress Matilda in [Jun] 1141 which also appointed him hereditary Justice and Sheriff of London, Middlesex, Essex and Hertfordshire. He was charged with treason in [Oct] 1143, arrested at St Albans and forced to surrender his castles of Walden, Pleshey and the Tower. He then revolted, sacked Cambridge and besieged Burwell Castle, Cambridgeshire, in the course of which he was mortally wounded. The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records the death “XVI Kal Oct 1144” of “Galfridus de Mandavilla…fundator noster.” m as her first husband, ROHESE de Vere, daughter of AUBREY de Vere, Chamberlain of England & his wife Adelisa de Clare ([1105/10]-after 1166, bur Chicksand Priory). The History of the foundation of Walden abbey records that “Galfridus de Mandavilla…fundator noster” married “Rosam sororem Albredi de Oxenford.” As her son by her first marriage, Arnulf de Mandeville, received a grant of property in [1141/42] (placing his birth to [1120/25]), it is likely that Rohese was one of her parents’ older children. “G de Magnavilla et Roeisa uxor eius” donated property to Hurley Priory, Berkshire by undated charter. She married secondly Payn de Beauchamp Lord of Bedford, with whom she founded the priory of Chicksand where she was buried. “Paganum et comitissam Roheis…sponsa mea” donated property to Thorney Monastery, by undated charter witnessed by “…Ivo Taillebois….” Earl Geoffrey & his wife had [four] children.
    
13. Title: Eudo de Rie, Dapifer, in The History and Antiquities of the County of Essex, pg. 139-141 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The History and Antiquities of the County of Essex, pg. 139-141
    Note: Eudo de Rie, Dapifer, in The History and Antiquities of the County of Essex, pg. 139-141 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Eudo de Rie, Dapifer, in The History and Antiquities of the County of Essex, pg. 139-141 [See document in the Memories section]
    
14. Title: Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors
    Author: Citations [S900] Unknown author, The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. IV, p. 669, Vol. 5, p. 117; Some Early English Pedigrees, by Vernon M. Norr, p. 20. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 558. [S11568] The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. V, p. 118.
    Publication: Name: https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p168.htm#i5040;
    Note: Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London1,2 Last Edited 4 Apr 2020 M, #5039, b. before 1091, d. 14 September 1144 Father William de Mandeville b. c 1062, d. b May 1116 Mother Margaret de Rye b. c 1075 Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London married Rohese de Vere, daughter of Aubrey II de Vere, Sheriff of London & Middlesex, Lord Hedington and Adeliza (Alice) de Clare; They had 4 sons (Ernulph of Highworth; Geoffrey, 2nd Earl of Essex; William, 3rd Earl of Essex; & Robert).2 Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, Constable of the Tower of London was born before 1091 at of Rycott, Oxfordshire, England. He died on 14 September 1144 at Mildenhall, Suffolk, England.2 Family Rohese de Vere b. c 1109, d. a Oct 1166 Children William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex3 d. 14 Nov 1189 Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex d. 21 Oct 1166 Robert de Mandeville d. b 14 Nov 1189 Ernulf de Mandeville+ d. Apr 1178 Maud de Mandeville+ b. c 1128
    
15. Title: Wikipedia: Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex
    Author: Wikipedia
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_de_Mandeville,_1st_Earl_of_Essex;
    Note: Information for Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
    
16. Title: Mandeville family in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 2, pg. 226-227 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 2, pg. 226-227
    Note: Mandeville family in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 2, pg. 226-227 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Mandeville family in the Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. 2, pg. 226-227 [See document in the Memories section]
    
17. Title: Geoffrey de Mandeville, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1WJW : 8 August 2020), Geoffrey de Mandeville, ; Burial, London, City of London, Greater London, England, Temple Church; citing record ID 20080, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-1WJW;
    Page: Find A Grave Index
    
18. Title: Mandeville family in Dugdale’s The Baronage of England, pg. 201-203 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Dugdale’s The Baronage of England, pg. 201-203
    Note: Mandeville family in Dugdale’s The Baronage of England, pg. 201-203 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Mandeville family in Burke’s The Baronage of England, pg. 201-203 [See document in the Memories section]
    
19. Title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 17, Mandeville, Geoffrey de
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mandeville,_Geoffrey_de;
    Note: MANDEVILLE, GEOFFREY DE (d. 1144), earl of Essex, succeeded his father, William, as constable of the Tower of London in or shortly before 1130. Though a great Essex landowner, he played no conspicuous part in history till 1140, when Stephen created him earl of Essex in reward for his services against the empress Matilda. After the defeat and capture of Stephen at Lincoln (1141) the earl deserted to Matilda, but before the end of the year, learning that Stephen's release was imminent, returned to his original allegiance. In 1142 he was again intriguing with the empress; but before he could openly join her cause he was detected and deprived of his castles by the king. In 1143-1144 Geoffrey maintained himself as a rebel and a bandit in the fen-country, using the Isle of Ely and Ramsey Abbey as his headquarters. He was besieged by Stephen in the fens, and met his death in September 1144 in consequence of a wound received in a skirmish. His career is interesting for two reasons. The charters which he extorted from Stephen and Matilda illustrate the peculiar form taken by the ambitions of English feudatories. The most important concessions are grants of offices and jurisdictions which had the effect of making Mandeville a viceroy with full powers in Essex, Middlesex and London, and Hertfordshire. His career as an outlaw exemplifies the worst excesses of the anarchy which prevailed in some parts of England during the civil wars of 1140-1147, and it is probable that the deeds of Mandeville inspired the rhetorical description, in the Peterborough Chronicle of this period, when “men said openly that Christ and his saints were asleep.” See J. H. Round, Geoffrey de Mandeville, a Study of the Anarchy (London, 1892). (H. W. C. D.)